I. Introduction This master’s thesis represents study of female newspaper and magazine editors in Azerbaijan based on Western and Soviet definitions of journalism with explanation of local national features of this p
Yüklə 438,5 Kb.
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Y our family status
- How old are you: _____ Your highest level of education achieved
- In case if you graduated from a college or a university please stipulate in the space below your field of studies
- D o you currently study
- For how long have you been working in media
- For how many media have you been working including current
- Masaryk University Faculty of social sciences
- Table of Contents I. Introduction or why to research Azerbaijan
- III. Empirical data and its interpretation
- IV. Editor typology
- VII. Index
- X. Appendixes
- Table 4. Gatekeeping theory
- Source: Valiyev 2011 Table 6. Selected characteristics of female editors
Appendix 4 Survey Please cross the correct answer and/or fill in the space provided
 widow/widower other______________________
middle school college institute university
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
a . After a long period of taking interest in this profession and education
b . After a coincidence that brought me to this work
c . That was an opportunity to survive at the time
Appendix 5 Questions for in-depth interview RU/AZE
Redaktor mutləg ali tahsilli olmalidir. Sizin öz təhsiliniz ne üzrədir
Yalnız jurnalist təhsili olan redaktor ola bilər?
Redaktor işi nəyi ilə sizi cəlb edir?
Bu fəzifənin əsas mahiyyəti nədən ibarətdir?
Redaktora lazım olan hansı keyfiyyətlər sizdə daha güclüdü?
Redaktor vəzifəsi cəmiyyətdə nüfuza malikdir mi?
Cəmiyyəttə ki proseslərə təhsir edə biləcəyiniz barədə düşünürsüz mü?
Redaktor öz fəaliyyət dairəsində nəyi edə bilər və nəyi edə bilməz?
Tutduğunuz vəzifə sizi gani edir mi?
Redaktorlar cəmiyyətin yüksək təbəqəsinə aiddirlər?
Sizcə, işin kollektivdə məşvərət üzrə, yoxsa göstəriş üstündə gurulması daha realdır?
Məgalə yazanda müərlif redaktorun istəyinə tabe olmalidır yoxsa redaktor müərliflə məgalənin üzərində birgə işlməlidir?
Siz jurnalist həmkərlar təşkilatının üzvüsünüz mü? Bunun nə kimi üstünlükləri var?
Azərbaycan Jurnastlər İttifagının olması jurnalistər üçün vacibdir mi?
Jurnalistlik etikasi nələri ehtiva edir?
Sizcə etik gaydaların yazılı şəkildə rəsmləşdirilməsi vacibdirmi?
Etik normalar barədə na dərəcədə məlumatlısız (orta, yaxşı, əla)
Bu sahədə biliyinizi artirma ehtiyacini duyursunuz mu?
Azərbaycandaki və digər ölkələrdəki mediya etik kodekslərinin hagginda nə bilirsiniz?
Jurnalist etikası məsələlərinin müzakirəsinə lazımı diggət yetirilirmi? Və bu müzəkirələrdə sizcə nə çatışmır?
Öz iş praktikanızda jurnalistin etik gaydalara riayyət etməməsi hallarına rast gəlmisizmi? Misallar
Belə bir situasiyanı təssəvvür edin: jurnalist məgaləni gec gətirib və onu yoxlamaga vaxtınız çatmır. Çap olundukda isə məlum olur ki müərlif yoxlanılmamış mənbədən istifadə edib. Bu vəziyyətdə sizin reaksianiz? İş praktikanizda belə hallar olub mu?
Azərbaycanda elə kivlər olubdur mu ki siz onlarla etik səbəblərə görə əməkdaşliqdan imtina edibsiz, hətta daha artig əmək haggi verilsə belə.
Sizini jurnalistikada yeni etik gaydalar yaratmag istəyiniz olub mu?
Siz jurnalist etikasi problemləri üzrə elmi diskussiyalarda iştirak edirsizmi? Onlarda müşahidəçi ya ekspert gismində iştirak edirsiniz?
Etik normalara ugun olmadigi görə çap olunmuş (olunmamış) materiallara görə sizin rəhbərliyinizlə probleminiz olub mu?
ABSTRACT This article is based upon research project “Woman journalist: case study of Azerbaijani female editors” implemented in Azerbaijan in May-November 2011 and designed to examine female editorial community that was omitted by the 2008 research “Professionalization of Azerbaijani Journalists in regard to ethical standards” where we provided typology of male editors of the largest nationwide newspapers in Azerbaijan. In this thesis we will examine developments of post-Soviet media system in Azerbaijan this time through the prism of female editors and will touch upon such processes as professionalization or respectively deprofessionalization as well as proletarization of journalists in Azerbaijan. The purpose of this research is to map ethical and value orientations of females working as editors of newspapers and magazines in Azerbaijan, provide their typology and highlight the gender based differences in Azerbaijani editorial community. The results of our research suggest that even though female editors are more experienced and professionally fit than their male colleagues they, being less lenient to break professional ethics, embrace a bystander role in political confrontation and thus select to lead independent or media outlets focusing on nonpolitical coverage of specific areas of knowledge. Another noteworthy result of the research is the finding that the extortionist journalism labeled by male editors as the product of the post-Soviet period actually existed long before the collapse of the USSR and its journalism system. KEY WORDS: professionalization, Azerbaijanii female editors, journalistic profession, political instrumentalism, deprofessionalization, proletarization, extortionist newspapers, Press Council, Azerbaijan Journalists Union, Soviet media system, objectivity, unveiling, first Azerbaijani female journalist, mass media in Azerbaijan, Press Council Preface The research for this thesis was carried out in two cities of Azerbaijan: Baku and the second largest city Ganja. The thesis would not have been possible without the constant support and encouragement by PhDr. Jaromir Volek Ph.D and my father Ismayil Valiyev. In addition, I would like to stress my gratitude to the staff of Media Forum and Internews-Azerbaijan for their on-sight support and the female editors that participated in our research. Special thanks to Mgr. Geda Montvilaite for invaluable support during preparation of this publication. Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně, s použitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v bibliografii. V Brně, dne 28. 5. 2012 ........................................
Thesis
Bc. VALIYEV Eldar Brno 2012 Table of Contents I. Introduction or why to research Azerbaijan………………………………………………….. 1 I.1 Hybrid regime and media in Azerbaijan .……………………………………………3 I.2 Journalism ethics……………………………………………………………………..6 I.2.1 Journalism – profession or craftsmanship …………………………………… 6 I.2.2 Western vs. Soviet Objectivity………………………………………………..10 I.2.3 Political Instrumentalization of Media………………………………………..15 I.2.4 Deprofessionalization and proletarization…………………………………….16
I.4 Editors and their functions…………………………………………………………....22 II. Research project II.1 Research purpose and research questions……………………………………………25 II.2 Basic Concepts……………………………………………………………………….27 II.3 Research population………………………………………………………………….27 II.4 Selected methods of research and data collection in Azerbaijan…………………….30 II.4.1Data collection………………………………………………………..………..31 III. Empirical data and its interpretation……………………………………………………………33 III.1.1 Age and marital status data…..…….…………………………………………33 III.1.2 Education of respondents …………………………………………………….34 III.1.3 Editors and their stances towards journalism education……………………...35 III.1.4 Work experience……………………………………………………………...37 III.1.5 Job satisfaction and motivation of female editors…………………………….38 III.1.6 Female editors and their role in Azerbaijani society.………………………....43 III.1.7 Summary………………………………………………………………………44 III.2 Editor’s stances towards professional ethics……………………………………45 III.2.1 Journalism ethics……………………………………………………………...45 III.2.2 Editors and ethical codes……………………………………………………...48 III.2.3 Azerbaijan Journalists Union and its place among journalists………………..52 III.2.4 Editors and Ethical Dilemmas………………………………………………...61 III.2.5 Chapter Summary……………………………………………………………..65 IV. Editor typology ……………………………………………………………………………………68 V. Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………………....69 VI. Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………....72 VII. Index………………………………………………………………………………………………...76 VIII. List of literature…………………………………………………………………………………...79 IX. List of tables…………………………………………………………………………………………83 X. Appendixes …………………………………………………………………………………………...84 Word count: 27378 Table 1. Comparison of Statutory protection for freedom of mass information…………………………..5 in the Post-Soviet countries. Source: Richter 2007 Table 2. Criteria of Objectivity according to Westerstahl ………………………………………………..12 Source: Valiyev 2008 Table 3. Soviet system according to Siebert’s Four Theories of Press…………………………………….14 Source: http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2152/siebert.htm#communication Table 4. Gatekeeping theory…………………………………………………………………………………22 Source: Communicationtheory.org Table 5. Newspapers and magazines participating in the research……………………………………….28 Source: Valiyev 2011 Table 6. Selected characteristics of female editors…………………………………………………………29 Source: Valiyev 2011 Table 7. Socio-demographic characteristics of selected editors.…………………………………………..34 Table 8. Types of Editors……………………………………………………………………………………..68 1 In our 2008 research one of the selected newspapers – ruling party’s Yeni Azerbaycan had a female deputy managing editor yet due to staff changes in a form of appointment of new editor-in-chief [appointed in March 2008] she hesitated to participate in our research. 2 Yusifova Sevil, “Elegant Signatures”, Baku, Elm ve Tehsil, 2010 3 The abbreviation stands for Commonwealth of Independent States - the organization founded on 8th of December 1991 on the ruins of the Soviet Union and loosely uniting former republics of the Soviet Union with the exception of Georgia and the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. 4 Diamond, “Thinking about Hybrid Regimes: Elections without Democracy,” 21-35 5 The National Television and Radio Council on November 24, 2006 revoked the licenses of radio and TV station ANS TV and ANS CM, under pretext for "repeated violations of the law and ignorance of the warnings made." 6 At the moment according to the statistics of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs there are about 3500 mass media outlets in Azerbaijan. Majority of that number constitute newspapers and magazines, 30 are information agencies and 44 are electronic mass media. 7 http://russian.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav022509aru.shtml 8 Michael Gurevitch and Jay G. Blumler, “Mass Media and Political Institutions: The Systems Approach,” in George Gerbner, ed., Mass Media Policies in Changing Cultures (London: Wiley, 1977), 263.
9 „Diskuse o tom, zda lze chápat žurnalistickou činnost jako profesionální aktivitu, která má svá pevná pravidla sdílená drtivou většinou novinářů, se vede intenzivně již minimálně poslední století, kdy začalo být kritérium profesionality chápáno jako institucionální nástroj její společenské prestiže 10 Elliot, Philip (1972). The Sociology of the Professions. London, Macmillan. Richard, H. Hall. (1968: 92-104) “Professionalization and Bureaucratization”. American Sociological Review. Vol. 33, No 103. Keith M. MacDonald (1995). The Sociology of the Professions. London, Sage. Geoffrey Millerson (1964 a). The qualifying Associations. A Study in Professionalization. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul. Geoffrey Millerson (1964 b) “Dilemmas of Professionalism”. New Society. No 4, June 1964. Terence J. Johnson (1979). Professions and Power. London, Macmillan. Harold L. Wilensky (1964: 137–158) “The Professionalization of Everyone?” The American Journal of Sociology. Vol. LVV, No. 2. 11 Perestroika – attempt to reform political and economical system of the USSR during the 1985-1987 initiated and closely associated with the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev. 12 Nomenklatura – stands for a category of people within the Soviet Union that held various key administrative positions in all spheres of the society: party, government, industry, agriculture, education and whose position was granted only with approval of the local, republican branch or all-Soviet Union level Communist party. 13 Source: Siebert's Four Theories of the Press: A Critique. http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/2152/siebert.htm#communication 14 Z materialistického hlediska argumentoval Lenin jelikož všechny společnosti jsou ekonomicky, politicky a kulturně rozvrstveny podle třídních hranic, představa, že v žurnalistice muže existovat jakákoli absolutní pravda, je zcela falešná. Buržoazní novináři psali to, co bylo pravdivé pro buržoazii, ale nemuselo to být pravdivé pro kohokoli dalšího. Halit jejich práci do zdání objektivity bylo podle Lenina ideologickou fikcí, jejímž cílem bylo zajistit široké společenské přijetí dominantního buržoazního světového názoru. 15 This idea is derived from a story told by Melek Velizade – female correspondent for daily newspaper Zerkalo. While working on an article covering bad conditions in Shemakha observatory Velizade told the researcher that on many occasions she was approached with a question, who is lobbying the article. The last straw to cause journalist’s irritation was the same question given by the responsible editor of the newspaper. 16 P.i. for example can be illustrated on the case of a publication in oppositional newspaper Azadliq affiliated with the Popular Front of Azerbaijan Party about ruling party candidate to the Parliament – Bakhtiyar Sadigov named “Bakhtiyar’s similarity to Vartan”. There authors wrote that an Armenian prefect appointed in one of occupied regions of Azerbaijan is Sadigov’s relative and they constantly keep in touch with each other on a phone. The state-run media retaliated by opening a smear campaign against Ali Kerimli, leader of the Popular Front of Azerbaijan Party where they insinuated that he belonged to a sexual minority. (Valiyev 2008) 17 Among most negative effects can be listed separation of Azerbaijani territories on Northern Azerbaijan – modern Azerbaijan Republic and the Southern Azerbaijan – the Azerbaijan province of Iran; Christianization of Azerbaijani territories through encouragement of Armenian settlers from Turkey and Iran later transformed into Karabakh conflict. 18 In fact, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic established on May 28, 1918 proclaimed women’s suffrage two years earlier than the U.S. Congress. 19 http://www.womenpress.az/news/a-213.html 20 In the 1960 a statue called Freed (Liberated) Woman was erected in Baku to commemorate emancipation movement of Azerbaijani women and sacrifices they had to make to achieve it. Ironically, the building behind the statue is occupied by the office of the Iranian National Bank. 21 For more information on Zahra Kerimova’s biography please see Yüklə 438,5 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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