İktisat Tarihi

Metroda ulaşımında geçerli kurallar doğrultusunda aşağıdaki cümlelerde must veya mustn’t seçiniz.

1. You must / mustn’t carry large objects on trains.

2. You must / mustn’t paint on the walls of trains.

3. You must / mustn’t smoke.

4. You must / mustn’t respect other passengers.

5. You must / mustn’t drop rubbish.

6. You must / mustn’t follow all signs.

7. You must / mustn’t put your feet on the seats.

Aşağıdaki cümleler doğru (True) mu yanlış (False) mı?

1. You must pay attention at school. True False

2. You must be quiet in the library. True False

3. You mustn’t wear trainers when you do sport. True False

4. You must shout at the museum. True False

5. You mustn’t run across the road. True False

6. You must look after your pets. True False

7. You mustn’t keep your bedroom tidy. True False

7.3.3. Obligations: HAVE TO / HAS TO



HAVE TO/HAS TO

“Have to” / “Has to”zorunluluk ifade eder.

I have to travel a lot. (Çok seyahat etmek zorundayım)

A pilot has to concentrate at all times. (Bir pilot her zaman konsantre olmak zorundadır.)
You have to get passport to go abroad.

You have to be 18 to drive a car.
Don’t have to / Doesn’t have to

Çok dikkat edilmesi gereken bir nokta “don’t have to / doesn’t have to” “modal” fiillerinin zorunluluk olmamasına işaret etmesidir.

“mustn’t”- yapmamalısın

“don’t /doesn’t have to”- ‘yapmak zorunda değilsin.

You mustn’t be late for the dinner. (Akşam yemeğine geç kalmamalısın)

You don’t have to bring anything. We have a lot of food. (Bir şey getirmek zorunda değilsin- çok yiyeceğimiz var.)

Doğru cevabı daire içine alınız.

I’m a flight attendant. I (a) have to / mustn’t take care of people on the plane.

Before take-off, I (b) have to / mustn’t explain the safety instructions carefully. Some people think they (c) mustn’t / don’t have to listen, but the instructions are very important.
If a passenger becomes really ill, the plane (d) must / doesn’t have to land at the nearest airport. We (e) mustn’t / don’t have to panic.
One great thing about my job is that I (f) mustn’t / don’t have to work every day. Sometimes I (g) mustn’t / don’t have to fly back immediately and I can visit a new city.
Cümlelerdeki boşlukları “have to / has to / don’t have to/ doesn’t have to” ile doldurunuz.

1. Every man _______________ do military service in my country. It's obligatory.  

2. Policemen _______________ wear a uniform. 

3. A pilot _______________  train for many years. 

4. Does Susan ______________ work long hours? 

5. I _______________  get up early on Sundays. I can stay in bed. 

6. You  _______________  do it if you don't want to. 

7. My daughter  _______________ cook, because I cook for the whole family. 

8. We _______________   pay. It's free. 

Uygulamalar

Evdeki iş bölümüne göre yapmak zorunda olduğunuz işleri yazınız. Evde / okulda / arkadaş çevrenizde uyduğunuz kuralları yazınız. İstanbul’a ilk defa gelmiş, büyük şehirden şikayetçi olan yeni bir üniversite öğrencisine önerilerde bulununuz.

Uygulama Soruları

Hem akademik hem de sosyal anlamda başarılı bir üniversite öğrenciliği için neler önerirsiniz? Tatile giderken fazla eşya taşımamak için nelere dikkat edilmelidir? Istanbul’a gelecek turistlere ne tavsiyelerde bulunursunuz?

Bu Bölümde Ne Öğrendik Özeti

“Sağlık” konusu çerçevesinde işlenen bu bölümde, İngilizce’de yaygın kullanılan “modal” fiillerle 3 farklı dil işlevinin nasıl gerçekleşeceğini gördük: Öneri/tavsiyede bulunma, kurallara göre gereklilik ve zorunluluk ifade etme. “SHOULD” modal fiili ile öneride bulunmayı, öneri istemeyi; “MUST” ile gerekliliği; “HAVE TO/HAS TO” ile de zorunluluğu nasıl ifade edeceğimizi örneklerle inceledik. Bu fiillerin olumsuz bildirimde de kullanılacağını gördük; ancak özellikle “mustn’t” ve “don’t have to” fiillerine dikkat etmemiz gerektiğini, “don’t have to/ doesn’t have to” fiilinin zorunluluk bulunmaması halini anlattığını öğrendik.

Bölüm Soruları

1. She ____wait in line like everyone else

a) mustn’t b) have to c) has to d) don't have e) can't
2. All employees ______ arrive on time for work.

a) should b) mustn't c) have to d) don't have e) can't

3. We ____ forget to take the chicken out of the freezer.

a) don’t have to b) must c) mustn't d) don't have e) can't

4. If you are under 13 you ____ get your parents' permission

a) have to b) doesn’t have to c) mustn't d) don't have e) can't

5. The doctor _____ get here as soon as he can.

a) must b) mustn't c) have to d) don't have e) can't

6. Do you _____work next weekend?

a) have to b) must c) mustn't d) don't have e) can't

7. Drivers _____ remember to signal when they turn.

a) mustn't b) must c) has to d) don't have e) can't

8. Angela, you _____ leave your clothes on the floor! It’s not nice.

a) mustn't b) must c) have to d) don't have e) can

9. You _____drink dirty water.  It's not safe.

a) shouldn't b) must c) don't have to d) don't have e) can

10. You _____ take your medicine.

a) should b) shouldn’t c) has to d) don't have e) can't

Cevaplar

1) c, 2) c, 3) c, 4) a, 5) a, 6) a, 7) b, 8) a, 9) a, 10) a