Instream Flow Council Instream flow and stream ecology literature OctoberApril 104, 2016 hb

Cooper, A.C. 1965. The effect of transported stream sediments on the survival of sockeye and pink salmon eggs and alevins. International Pacific Salmon Committee Bulletin 18.
Cooper, C.O., and T.A. Wesche. 1976. Stream channel modification to enhance trout habitat under low flow conditions. Water Res. Inst., Office of Water Res. Tech., Washington, D.C. Rept. No. SER-58 117 pp.
Cooper, D.C., D.M. Merritt, D.C. Andersen, and R.A. Chimner. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, U.S.A. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 15: 419-440.
Cooper, D.J., D.R. D’Amico, and M.L. Scott. 2003. Physiological and morphological response patterns of Populus deltoides to alluvial groundwater pumping. Environmental Management 31: 215-226.
Cooper, D.J., D.C. Andersen, and R.A. Chimner. 2003. Multiple pathways for woody plant establishment on floodplains at local to regional scales. Journal of Ecology 91 (2): 182-196.
Cooper, D.J., J. Dickens, N.T. Hobbs, L. Christensen, and L. Landrum. 2006. Hydrologic, geomorphic and climatic processes controlling willow establishment in a montane ecosystem. Hydrological Processes 20: 1845-1864.
Cooper, D.J., and D.M. Merritt. 2012. Assessing the water needs of riparian and wetland vegetation in the western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-282. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 125 pp.
Cooper, D.J., D.M. Merritt, D.C. Andersen, and R.A. Chimner. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Fremont cottonwood seedlings on the upper Green River, U.S.A. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 15: 419-440.
Cooper, S.D., S. Diehl, K. Kratz, and O. Sarnelle. 1998. Implications of scale for patterns and processes in stream ecology. Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 27-40.
Coops, H., N. Geilen, and G. van der Velde. 1999. Helophyte zonation in two regulated estuarine areas of the Netherlands: Vegetation analysis and relationships with hydrological factors. Estuaries 22: 657-668.
Cope, O.B. 1957. The choices of spawning sites by cutthroat trout. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 34: 73-79.
Copeland, B.J. 1966. Effects of decreased river flow on estuarine ecology. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 38 (11): 1831-1839. (University of Texas, Institute of Marine Science, Port Aransas , Texas)
Copeland, T., and K.A. Meyer. 2011. Interspecies synchrony in salmonid densities associated with large-scale bioclimatic conditions in central Idaho. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 140 (4): 928-942. Doi: 10.1080/00028487.2011.599261
Copp, G.H. 1989. The habitat diversity and fish reproductive function of floodplain ecosystems. Environmental Biology of Fishes 26: 1-27.
Copp, G.H. 1990. Shifts in the microhabitat of larval and juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus (L.) in a floodplain channel. Journal of Fish Biology 36: 683-692.
Copp, G.H. 1990. Effect of regulation on 0+ fish recruitment in the Great Ouse, a lowland river. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 5: 251-263.
Copp, G.H. 1992. Comparative microhabitat use of cyprinid larvae and juveniles in a lotic floodplain channel. Environmental Biology of Fishes 33: 181-193. Doi:10.1007/BF00002563.
Copp, G.H. 1997. Microhabitat use of fish larvae and 0(+) juveniles in a highly regulated section of the River Great Ouse. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 13: 267-276.
Copp, G.H., G. Guti, B. Rovny, and J. Cerny. 1994. Hierarchical analysis of habitat use by 0+ juvenile fish in Hungarian-Slovak floodplain of the Danube River. Environmental Biology of Fishes 40: 329-348.
Corning, R.V. 1970. Water fluctuation, a detrimental influence on trout streams. Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Game and Fish Commissioners (23): 431-454.
Coronado, C., and R. Hillborn. 1998. Spatial and temporal factors affecting survival in coho and fall Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest. Bull. Mar. Sci. 62: 409-425.
Corrarino, C.A., and M.A. Brusven. 1983. The effects of reduced stream discharge on insect drift and stranding on near shore insects. Freshw. Invertebr. Biol. 2 (2): 88-98. Doi: 10.2307/1467113.
Correia, S.B., and K.O. Winemiller. 2014. Niche parttioning among frugivorous fishes in response to fluctuating resours in the Amazonian floodplain forest. Ecology 95 20-224.

Cortes, R.M.V, M.T. Ferreira, S.V. Oliveira, and D. Oliveira. 2002. Macroinvertebrate community structure in a regulated river segment with different flow conditions. River Research and Applications 18 (2): 367-382.

Costa, J.E., and J.E. O’Connor. 1995. Geomorphically effective floods. Pp. 45-56 in: J.E. Costa, A.J. Miller, K.W. Potter, and P.R. Wilcock, eds. Natural and anthropogenic influences in fluvial geomorphology. Geophysical Monograph 89, Washington, D.C.
Costa, M.J., R. Vasconcelos, J.L. Costa, and H.N. Cabral. 2007. River flow influence on the fish community of the Tagus estuary (Portugal). Hydrobiologia 587: 113-123.
Costa-Pierce, B.A. 1992. Review of the spawning requirements and feeding ecology of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and reevaluation of its use in fisheries and aquaculture. Reviews in Aquatic Science 6: 257-273.
Cote, D. 2007. Measurements of salmonid population performance in relation to habitat in eastern Newfoundland streams. Journal of Fish Biology 70: 1134-1147.
Cote, D., D.G. Kehler, C. Bourne, and Y.F. Wiersma. 2009. A measure of longitudinal connectivity for stream networks. Landscape Ecology 24: 01-113.
Cotel, A.J., P.W. Webb, and H. Tritico. 2006. Do brown trout choose locations with reduced turbulence? Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135 (3): 610-619.
Cottingham, P., M.C. Thomas, and G.P. Quinn. 2002. Scientific panels and their use in environmental flow assessment in Australia. Australian Journal of Water Resources 5: 103-111.
Coulibaly, P., and D.H. Burn. 2005. Spatial and temporal variability of Canadian seasonal streamflows. Journal of Climate 18: 1991-2010.
Coulombe-Pontbriand, M., and M. Lapointe. 2004. Geomorphic controls, riffle substrate quality and spawning site selection in two semi-alluvial salmon rivers in the Gaspe Peninsula, Canada. Rivers Research and Applications 20 (5): 577-590. Doi: 10.1002/rra.768.
Coulthard, T.J., J. Lewin, and M.G. Macklin. 2005. Modelling differential and complex catchment response to environmental change. Geomorphology 69: 224-241.
Coutant, C.C. 2001. Turbulent attraction flows for guiding juvenile salmonids at dams. Pages 57-77 in: C.C. Coutant, editor. Behavioral technologies for fish guidance. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 26, Bethesda, Maryland.
Coutant, C.C. 2004. A riparian habitat hypothesis for successful reproduction of white sturgeon. Reviews in Fisheries Science 12: 23-73.
Cover, M.R., J.A. de la Fuente, and V.H. Resh. 2010. Catastrophic disturbances in headwater streams: the long-term ecological effects of debris flows and debris floods in the Klamath Mountains, northern California. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67 (10): 1596-1610.
Covich, A.P., T.A. Crowl, and F.N. Scatena. 2003. Effects of extreme low flows on freshwater shrimps in a perennial tropical stream. Freshwater Biology 48: 1199-1206.
Covich, A.P., S.C. Fritz, P.J. Lamb, R.D. Marzolf, W.J. Matthews, K.A. Poiani, E.E. Prepas, M.B. Richman, and T.C. Winter. 1997. Potential effects of climate change on aquatic ecosystems of the Great Plains of North America. Hydrological Processes 11: 993-1021.
Covington, J.S., and W.A. Hubert. 2003. Trout population responses to restoration of stream flows. Environmental Management 31: 135-146.
Cowardin, L,M., V. Carter, and E.T. La Roe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
Cowx, I.G. 2001. Factors influencing coarse fish populations in rivers. R&D Publication 18, Environment Agency, Bristol.

Cowx, I.G., and R.A. Gould. 1989. Effects of stream regulation on Atlantic salmon and brown trout in the Upper Severn catchment, U.K. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 3: 235-245.

Cowx, I.G., R.A. Noble, A.D. Nunn, and J.P. Harvey. 2004. Flow and level criteria for coarse fish and conservation species. Environment Agency R&D Report, W6-096, Bristol.
Cowx, I.G., R.A. Noble, A.D. Nunn, J. Bolland, S. Walton, G. Pierson, and J.P. Harvey. 2012. Flow requirements of non-salmonids. Fisheries Management and Ecology 19 (6): 548-556. Doi: 10.1111/j.fme.12011.
Cowx, I.G., W.O. Young, and J.M. Helawell. 1984. The influence of drought on the fish and invertebrate populations of an upland stream in Wales. Freshwater Biology 14: 165-177. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00030.x.
Craig, D.A., and M.M. Galloway. 1987. Hydrodynamics of larval black flies. Pages 171-185 in: K.C. Kim and R.W. Merritt, editors. Black flies. Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.
Craig, J.F., and J.B. Kemper. 1987. Regulated streams: Advances in Ecology. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
Cram, J.M., C.E. Torgerson, R.S. Klett, G.R. Pess, D. May, T.N. Pearsons, and A.H. Dittman. 2015. Tradeoffs between homing and habitat quality for spawning site selection by hatchery-origin Chinook salmon. Environmental Biology of Fish. Doi: 10.1007/s10641-012-0026-1
Cramer, S.P. 1997. Use of managed pulses in flow to stimulate outmigration of juvenile salmon. Pp. 563-568 in: S.Y. Wang and T. Carstens, eds. Environmental and coastal hydraulics: protecting the aquatic habitat. Proceedings of theme B, water for a changing global community, 27^th Congress of the International Association for Hydraulic Research. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Cramer, S.P., and N.K. Ackerman. 2009. Linking stream carrying capacity for salmonids to habitat features. Pages 225-254 in: E.E. Knudsen and J.H. Michael, Jr., editors. Pacific salmon environmental and life history models: advancing science for sustainable salmon in the future. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 71, Bethesda, Maryland.

Cramer, V.A., and R.J. Hobbs. 2002. Ecological consequences of altered hydrological regimes in fragmented ecosystems in southern Australia: Impacts and possible management responses. Austral Ecology 27 (5): 546-564.

Crance, J.H. 1984. Habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves: inland stocks of striped bass. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-82/10.85. 61 pp.
Crance, J.H. 1986. Habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability curves: Shortnose sturgeon. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82 (10.134). 21 pp.
Crance, J.H. 1987. Guidelines for using the Delphi technique to develop habitat suitability index curves. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report 82 (10.134): 1-21.
Crance, J.H. 1987. Habitat suitability index curves for paddlefish, developed by the Delphi technique. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 7 (1): 123-130.
Crance, J.H. 1988. Preliminary habitat suitability index curves for sauger. Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies 41 (1987): 159-167.
Crane, D.P., and J.M. Farrell. 2013. Spawning substrate size, shape, and siltation influence walleye egg retention. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 33 (2): 329-337. Doi: 10.1080/02755947.2012.760504.
Craven, S.W., J.T. Peterson, M.C. Freeman, T.J. Kwak, and E. Irwin. 2010. Modeling the relations between flow regime components, species traits, and spawning success of fishes in warmwater streams. Environmental Management 46: 181-194. Doi: 10.1007/s00267-010-9511.
Crecco, V.A., and T. Savoy. 1984. Effects of hydrographic fluctuations on the year-class strength of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) in the Connecticut River. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41: 1216-1223.
Creed, I.F., D.M. McKnight, B.A. Pellerin, M.B. Green, B.A. Bergamaxchi, G.R. Aiken, D.A. Burns, S.E.G. Findlay, J.B. Shanley, R.G. Striegel, B.T. Aulenbach, D.W, Clow, H. Laudon, B.L. McGlynn, K.J. McGuire, R.A. Smith, and S.M. Stackpoole. 2015. The river as a chemostat: fresh perspectives on dissolved organic matter flowing down the river continuum. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (8): 1272-1285. Doi: 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0400.
Creque, S.M., E.S. Rutherford, and T.G. Zorn. 2005. Use of GIS-derived landscape-scale habitat features to explain spacial patterns of fish density in Michigan rivers. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25 (4): 1411-1425.
Cresswell, R., and R. Williams. 1983. Post-stocking movements and recapture of hatchery-reared trout released into flowing water – effect of prior acclimation to flow. Journal of Fish Biology 23; 265-276.
Crisp, D.T. 1989. Use of artificial eggs in studies of washout depth and drifting for salmonid eggs. Hydrobiologia 178: 1555-163.
Crisp, D.T. 1993. Population densities of juvenile trout (Salmo trutta) in five upland streams and their effects upon growth, survival and dispersal. Journal of Applied Ecology 30: 759-771.
Crisp, D.T. 1993. The environmental requirements of salmon and trout in fresh water. Freshwater Forum 3: 176-202.
Crisp, D.T. 1996. Environmental requirements of common riverine European salmonid fish species in fresh water with particular reference to physical and chemical aspects. Hydrobiologia 323: 201-221.
Crisp, D.T., and P.A. Carling. 1989. Observations on siting, dimensions, and structure of salmonid redds. Journal of Fish Biology 34: 119-134. Doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb2962.x.
Crisp, D.T., and M.A. Hurley. 1991a. Stream channel experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout, Salmo trutta L., and salmon, S. salar L. - I. Effect of four different water velocity treatments upon dispersal rate. Journal of Fish Biology 39: 347-361.
Crisp, D.T., and M.A. Hurley. 1991b. Stream channel experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout, Salmo trutta L., and salmon, S. salar L. - II. Effects of constant and changing velocities and of day and night upon dispersal rate. Journal of Fish Biology 39: 363-370.
Crisp, D.T., R.H.K. Mann, and P.R. Cubby. 1983. Effects of regulation of the River Tees upon fish populations below Cow Green Reservoir. Journal of Applied Ecology 20: 371-386.
Crisp, D.T., R.H.K. Mann, and P.R. Cubby. 1984. Effects of impoundment upon fish populations in afferent streams at Cow Green Reservoir. Journal of Applied Ecology 21: 739-756.
Crispell, J.K., and T.A. Endreny. 2009. Hyporheic exchange flow around constructed in-channel structures and implications for restoration design. Hydrological Processes 23: 1158-1168.
Crome, F.H.J., and S.M. Carpenter. 1988. Plankton community cycling and recovery after drought - dynamics in a basin on a flood plain. Hydrobiologia 164: 193-211.
Cronan, C.S., J.T. Piampiano, and H.H. Patterson. 1999. Influence of land use and hydrology on exports of carbon and nitrogen in a Maine river system. J. Environ. Qual. 28 (3): 953-961.
Crook, D.A., A.I. Robertson, A.J. King, and P. Humphries. 2001. The influence of spatial scale and habitat arrangement on diel patterns of habitat use by two lowland river fishes. Oecologia 129: 525-533.
Cross, F.B., and R.E. Moss. 1987. Historic changes in fish communities and aquatic habitats in plains streams of Kansas. (Chapter 20), pp. 155-165 in: W.J. Matthews and D.C. Heins (eds.) Community and evolutionary ecology of North American stream fishes. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
Cross, F.B., R.E. Moss, and J.C. Collins. 1985. Assessment of dewatering impacts on stream fisheries in the Arkansas and Cimmaron rivers. Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence.

Cross, R.D., and D.L. Williams. 1981. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Freshwater Inflow to Estuaries. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-81-04. 2 Vol.

Cross, W.F., C.V. Baxter, K.C. Donner, E.J. Rosi-Marshall, T.A. Kennedy, R.O. Hall, H.A.W. Kelly, and R.S. Rogers. 2011. Ecosystem ecology meets adaptive management: food web response to a controlled flood on the Colorado River, Glen Canyon. Ecological Applications 21 (6): 2016-2033. Doi: 10.1890/10-1719.1.PMID.21939041.
Crossman, J., and I. Hildebrand. 2014. Evaluation of spawning substrate enhancement ofr white sturgeon in a regulated river: effect on larval retention and dispersal. Riv. Res. Appl. 30 (1): 1-10. Doi: 10.1002/rra.2620.
Crouch, G.L. 1979. Changes in the vegetation complex of a cottonwood ecosystem on the South Platte River. Great Plains Agricultural Council 91: 19-22.
Crowder, D.W. 2002. Reproducing and quantifying spatial flow patterns of ecological importance with two-dimensional hydraulic models. Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blacksburg, VA. 158 pp. (http://

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Crowder, D.W., and P. Diplas. 2000. Using two-dimensional hydrodynamic models at scales of ecological importance. Journal of Hydrology 230 (3-4): 172-191. Doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00177-3.
Crowder, D.W., and P. Diplas. 2000. Evaluating spatially explicit metrics of stream energy gradients using hydrodynamic model simulations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57: 1497-1507.
Crowder, D.W., and P. Diplas. 2002. Assessing changes in watershed flow regimes with spatially explicit hydraulic models. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38 (2): 397-408.
Crowder, D.W., and P. Diplas. 2002. Vorticity and circulation: spatial metrics for evaluating flow complexity in stream habitats. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59 (4): 633-645. Doi:10.1139/f02-037.
Crowder, D.W., and P. Diplas. 2006. Applying spatial hydraulic principles to quantifying stream habitat. River Research and Applications 22: 79-89.
Crowder, L.B., J.A. Rice, T.J. Miller, and E.A. Marschall. 1992. Empirical and theoretical approaches to size-based interactions and recruitment variability in fishes. Pp. 237-255 in: D.L. DeAngelis and L.G. Gross, editors, Individual-based models and approaches in ecology: populations, communities and ecosystems. Chapman and Hall, New York.
Crowl, T.A. 1990. Life-history strategies of a fresh-water snail in response to stream permanence and predation: balancing conflicting demands. Oecologia 84: 238-243.
Crozier, L.G., A.P. Hendry, P.W. Lawson, T.P. Quinn, N.J. Mantua, J. Battin, R.G. Shaw, and R.B. Huey. 2008. Potential responses to climate changes in organisms with complex life histories: evolution and plasticity in Pacific salmon. Evolutionary Applications 1: 252-270.
Crozier, L., and R.W. Zabel. 2006. Climate impacts at multiple scales: evidence for differential population responses in juvenile Chinook salmon. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 1100-1109.
Crozier, L., R.W. Zabel, and A. Hamlet. 2008. Predicting differential effects of climate change at the population level with life-cycle models of spring Chinook salmon. Glob. Chang. Biol. 14: 236-249.
Cruise, J.F., C.A. Laymon, and O.Z. Al-Hamdan. 2010. Impact of 20 years of land-cover change on the hydrology of streams in the southeastern United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 46 (6): 1159-1170. Doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00483.x
Csoboth, L.A., and J.E. Garvey. 2008. Lateral exchange of larval fish between a restored backwater and a large river in the east-central USA. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 137 (1): 33-44.
Cucherousset, J., J.M. Paillisson, A. Carpentier, and L.J. Chapman. 2007. Fish emigration from temporary wetlands during drought: the role of physiological tolerance. Fund, Appl, Limnol, 168 (2): 169-178. Doi: 10.1227/1863-9135/2007/0168-0169.
Cuffney, T.F., R.A. Brightbill, J.T. May, and I.A. Waite. 2011. Responses of benthic macroinvertebrates to environmental changes associated with urbanization in nine metropolitan areas. Ecological Applications 20 (5): 1384-1401.

Cullen, P. 1992. Australian aquatic ecosystems – biophysical requirements and relationships. Pages 41-44 in: J.J. Pilgram and B.P. Hooper (editors). Water Allocation for the Environment. The Centre for Water Policy Research, University of New England, Armidale.

Cullis, J.D. S., J.P. Crimaldi, and D.M. McKnight. 2013. Hydrodynamic shear removal of the nuisance stalk-forming diatom Didymosphenia geminata. Limnol. Oceanogr. Fluids Environ. 3: 256-268. Doi: 10.1215/21573689-2414386.
Cullis, J.D. S., D.M. McKnight, and S.A. Spaulding. 2015. Hydrodynamic control of benthic mats of Didymosphenia geminata at the reach scale. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72 (6): 902-914. Doi: 10.1139/cjfas-2014-0314.
Cullis, J.D. S., L.F. Stanish, and D.M. McKnight. 2014. Diel flow pulses drive particulate organic matter transport from microbial mats in a glacial meltwater stream in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Water Resour. Res. 50 (1): 86-97. Doi: 10.1002/2013WR014061.

Culp, J.M., G.J. Scrimgeour, and G.D. Townsend. 1996. Simulated fine woody debris accumulations in a stream increase rainbow trout fry abundance. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125: 472-479.

Culp, J.M., F.J. Wrona, and R.W. Davies. 1986. Response of stream benthos and drift to fine sediment deposition versus transport. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 1345-1351.
Cummins, K.W. 1974. Structure and function of stream ecosystems. BioScience 24: 631-640.
Cummins, K.W. 1993. Riparian-stream linkages: in-stream issues. Pages 5-20 in: S.E. Bunn, B.J. Pusey, and P. Price (editors), Ecology and Management of Riparian Zones, Proceedings of a National Workshop. Land and Water Resources Research and Development Corporation, Canberra, Australia.
Cunjak, R.A. 1986. Winter habitat of northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, in a southern Ontario stream. Canadian Journal of Zoology 64: 255-257.
Cunjak, R.A. 1988. Behaviour and microhabitat of young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during winter. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45: 2156-2160. Doi:10.1139/f88-250.
Cunjak, R.A. 1996. Winter habitat of selected stream fishes and potential impacts from land-use activity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53 (Suppl. 1): 267-282. Doi:10.1139/cjfas-53-S1-267.
Cunjak, R.A., and J.M. Green. 1983. Habitat utilization by brook char (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Newfoundland streams. Canadian Journal of Zoology 61: 1214-1219.
Cunjak, R.A., T. Linnansaari, and D. Caissie. 2013. The complex interaction of ecology and hydrology in a small catchment: a salmon’s perspective. Hydrological Processes 27: 741-749. Doi: 10.1002/hyp.9640.
Cunjak, R.A. , and G. Power. 1986. Winter habitat utilization by stream resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43: 1970-1981.
Cunjak, R.A. , and G. Power. 1987. The feeding and energetics of stream resident trout in winter. Journal of Fish Biology 31: 493-511.
Cunjak, R.A. , and G. Power. 1987. Cover use by stream-resident trout in winter: a field experiment. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 7: 539-544.
Cunjak, R.A., T.D. Prowse, and D.L. Parrish. 1998. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in winter: “the season of parr discontent”? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55 (Suppl. 1): 161-180. Doi:10.1139/cjfas-55-S1-161.
Cuo, L., D.P. Lettenmaier, M. Alberti, and J.E. Richey. 2009. Effects of a century of land cover and climate change on the hydrology of the Puget Sound basin. Hydrological Processes 23 (6): 907-933. Doi: 10.1002/hyp.7228
Curet, T. 1993. Habitat use, food habits, and the influence of predation on subyearling chinook salmon in Lower Granite Reservoir, Washington. Master’s thesis. University of Idaho, Moscow.