Karshi state university



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Notional verbssssssss kurs ishi

(Ir)Regulars


By past simple and participle forms, English verbs (except some modals) may be:

  • regular (adding the suffixes –(e)d/t)

Who asked that question?

  • irregular (several hundred memorizable forms)

We spoke to each other online.

Semi-Notionals


Modal verbs denote activity subjectivity:
be, can, have, may, must, need, ought, shall, should, will, would
Aspective verbs denote activity timeline:
begin, cease, come, commence, continue, finish, give up, go on, keep, proceed, set about, start, stop
Link verbs denote activity equality:
appear, be, become, come, feel, get, go, grow, hold, keep, look, prove, remain, run, seem, smell, taste, turn (out)
Helping verbs serve questions, negation and compound tenses:
be, do, have, shall, will
Chapter 1
1.1 Auxiliary verbs:
English verbs have 2 form sets – finite forms and non-finite forms (verbals – the infinitivegerundparticiple).
write exercises.
While writing exercises I use dictionaries.
Infinitive is a base verb form with the to particle by default (bare infinitive).
(to) go, (to) be,(to) ask, (to) fight, (to) understand, (to) walk
English verbs change in tenses – there’re 16 tenses (including 8 modal tenses).
They also have 3 moods – imperativeindicative and conditional (subjunctive). The imperative mood denotes instructions, the indicative statements while the conditional suppositions.
English verbs may be either in the Active or Passive Voice. In the Passive, verbs denote activity to, not by subjects.
Semi-notional verbal introducers are verbs of discriminatory relational semantics – абстрактно описательной семантики - (seem, happen, turn out, etc.), verbs of subject-action relational semantics (try, fail, manage, etc.), of phasal semantics (begin, continue, stop, etc.). Most English speakers know the basic rule of subject-verb agreement: a singular noun takes a singular verb, and a plural noun takes its corresponding plural.
The student is in the cafeteria.
The students are in the cafeteria.
This is pretty straightforward: is is the third-person singular conjugation of the verb to be that agrees with student; are is the third-person plural conjugation of to be that agrees with the plural subject students.
The same rule applies when the construction is inverted:
There is a student in the cafeteria.
There are students in the cafeteria.
But there are times when the determination for what counts as "agreement" is not as obvious, because what sounds like a singular noun is really plural, or what sounds like a plural noun is essentially singular. This concept is known as notional agreement, otherwise known as notional concord or synesis.
Auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs) are used along with a main verb to express tense, mood, or voice. For example, in the statement “it is raining,” “is” functions as an auxiliary verb indicating that the action of the main verb (“raining”) is ongoing. Auxiliary verbs (also called helping verbs) are used along with a main verb to express tense, mood, or voice. For example, in the statement “it is raining,” “is” functions as an auxiliary verb indicating that the action of the main verb (“raining”) is ongoing.
Auxiliary verbs are used in various verb tenses, including the continuous tense (e.g., “I am talking”), the perfect tense (e.g., “you have run”), and the future tense (e.g., “they will dance”).
Examples: Auxiliary verbs in a sentenceAlice has been working here for a month.
Shaun was eating dinner when his friends arrived.

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