Natural services and anthropogenic influences, bioremediation, biorestauration :
Ecological engineering is interested in environment management by promoting or designing facilities (sustainable, adaptive, multi-functional) based on knowledge of the mechanisms that govern ecological systems (self-organization, high biodiversity, heterogeneous structures...). The pure chemical or physical processes are not included in the scope of ecological engineering, but are necessarily related disciplines. How some species or natural populations or communities are able to help in the sustainable management of ecosystems or peri-urban natural, is the main concern of this class. The knowledge of the organisms influences on the ecosystem functioning will be influence Ecological engineering is applied in this TU to promote good quality environments. The economic and social issues are also taken into account in this concern.
Goals of ecological engineering:
• The rehabilitation of degraded ecosystems, restoration of functional communities, reintroduction of species;
• The creation of new sustainable ecosystems that have value to humans and the biosphere (eg regeneration of green and blue, use of biodiversity in urban areas...).
• The development of biological tools to control, manage or resolve community problems of pollution, restoring or maximizing an "ecosystem service"....
Field trip will be included to show examples of ecological engineering. Also a second field day will be devoted to explore a case of pertubated ecosystem that will be the support of personal work to propose management solutions to specific problems
1. Theory of Ecological engineering and different types of enginering
2. E.E. in water and terrestrial ecosystems. Ex actions for sustainable ecosystems that have value to humans and the biosphere (eg regeneration of green and blue, use of biodiversity in urban areas...).
3. Tools to control, manage or restore sites under human pressures ex PES and how to maximize an "ecosystem service"…
Basic ecological principles will be recorded if required in the understanding of this class.
One-day field trip will show examples of ecological engineering. A second one-day field trip will be devoted to explore a case of perturbated ecosystem that will be the support of personal work to propose management solutions to specific problems.
Instructors
Duong thi Thuy Dthuy0712@yahoo.com
hoang kien
Control
examination + practical + personal work
W55
Aquatic Ecosystem Conservation
ECTS
5
Specialities
NEWS
Keywords
Watershed, database management, data analysis, modelling, engineering
Biodiversity conservation
Conservation genetics
Habitat and species conservation
Biodiversity monitoring
Watershed and sites Conservation
Examples of sites, issues and strategies
Landscape planning and infrastructures
Societal aspects of nature conservation
Governance and different types of institutions involved in this disciplinary
Conservation laws, policies and politics
Economics of water habitat use and management
Access and benefit sharing and public engagement
Management and business studies
Ecological expertise, expert systems, and evidence based conservation
Usefull data bases
Description
This teaching aims at developing basic knowledge for conservative management strategy in the lecture part. The main part of this teaching will be conducted through project learning. The students will be choosing a case study in relation with conservation of an aquatic species or sites, or any questions relative to conservation management and institutions. The development of these subjects will be run under teaching advisory. Each subject will be defended by students and will off a large spectrum of actual relevant question relative to conservation in Vietnam and Asia.
Coordinators
Dr Pierrick BOSCHER, Univ. La Rochelle
Lectures
Instructors
Control
examination + practical + personal work
W56
Advanced Reactive Transport
ECTS
2.5
Specialities
NEWS
Keywords
Reactive transport - Porous media - Physicochemical - Mass transport equations - Chemical reactivity – Reactivity at solid-liquid interfaces
Description
The objective of these lectures is to introduce reactive transport in porous media with respect to the physicochemical reactivity by taking into account the mass transport equations and the chemical interaction mechanisms in the liquid phase and at the interfaces, mainly the solid-liquid ones
References
Civan, F., 2011. Porous media transport phenomena. Wiley, New York.
Debenest, G., Behra, P., 2013. Transport réactif en milieu poreux : changement d’échelle. In Chimie et environnement. Ph. Behra, Ed., Dunod, Paris.
Nützmann, G., Viotti, P., Aagaard, P., Eds., 2005. Reactive transport in soil and groundwater - Processes and models. Springer, Berlin.
Sigg, L., Behra, P., Stumm, W., 2014. Chimie des milieux aquatiques. 5th edition, Dunod, Paris.
- Physicochemical mechanisms affecting solute transport
- Relationships between sorption term and aqueous concentration
- Experimental setup used for reactive transport at different scales
- Application of the non-linear chromatography theory
- Modelling of reactive transport applied trace contaminants: coupling chemistry and multicomponent transport (speciation – coupling methods – limits; introduction and use of software: PhreeqcI; case studies)
Basics on sediment transport are given (sediment budget, sediment properties), then sediment processes are detailed. The flow in the boundary layer is described (in rivers, under waves, and under the combination of waves and currents). The threshold of motion is explained and transport into suspension is described. Specific processes for the transport of cohesive and non-cohesive particles are then exposed. This series of lectures ends by methodological information and examples.
The second part of the unit encompasses basic knowledge on estuarine circulation and sediment transport in estuaries. Examples are studied with the students, in an interactive process.
If possible, a field trip is organized in the Cam-Bach Dang estuary, or in Halong Bay, to introduce some instruments that are widely used in coastal oceanography and sediment transport studies (CTD, ADCP, turbidimeter, grain size meter, etc.)
Coordinators
Dr Sylvain Ouillon, IRD, Univ. Toulouse 3, UMR LEGOS, sylvain.ouillon@ird.fr
Lectures
Sediment transport: 1. Sediment budget, Continental and coastal sediment transport, Impacts; 2. Sediment properties (grain size distribution and sedimentological parameters, nature, density, settling velocity); 3. Boundary layer flow (directional, oscillating and combined flows); 4. Threshold of motion; 5. Transport into suspension (general model, Rouse profile, Richardson number); 6. Non cohesive sediment transport (bedload, suspension, bedforms); 7.Cohesive sediment transport (aggregation, settling velocity, erosion, deposition, erodibility, rheology of mud, mixed sediments); 8. Instrumentation; 9. Marine optics and applications to remote sensing (ocean color); 10. Studying sediment transport in Vietnam estuaries and coastal zones, some examples. 15h course.
An introduction to estuaries : 1- Morphological and geological features; 2- Salinity gradients; 3- Tide propagation and associated currents; 4-Estuaries classifications (Pritchard, Hansen & Rattray, Le Floch); 5- Estuarine residual circulation theories and application; 6- Sediment processes (turbidity maximum and fluid mud); 7- Long-term morphodynamic evolution; 8- Physical processes and management; 9-Case studies 5h.
Field trip (one day): training on instrumentation used in coastal oceanography and sediment transport studies (CTD, ADCP, turbidimeter, grain size meter, etc.)
Instructors
Dr Sylvain Ouillon, IRD, Univ. Paul-Sabatier, LEGOS
This course is designed to bring a basic understanding of the nearshore hydrodynamics. The main modelling approaches will be described and an overview of modern instrument techniques will be presented.
Coordinator
Dr Xavier Bertin, CNRS, Univ. La Rochelle, xavier.bertin@univ-lr.fr
Dr. Alexei Sentchev, Univ. Littorale Côte d’Opale (ULCO), Alexei.Sentchev@univ-littoral.fr
Lectures
Coastal and shallow water hydrodynamics: shallow water equations, nearshore water dynamics, wind induced currents, Ekman layers in stratified waters, tidal circulation on a continental shelf, river plumes. Principle of monitoring of coastal water circulation: underway velocity measurements; surface wave and current measurements by ocean radars; current measurements from space. Practicals: current mapping by towed ADCP in an estuary. (25 h course, tutorials, practicals; instructor: A. Sentchev).
Chemical composition of the ocean, ocean-atmosphere gas exchange, biogeochemistry in the ocean and climate, coupled physical/biogeochemical processes, mixed layer, mesoscale, coastal upwelling, data, modelling, optical properties of sea water; biogeochemical proxy, ocean color remote sensing.
Description
The aims of this teaching unit are to provide to the students knowledge on the biogeochemistry of the ocean on coupled physical/biogeochemical processes and its interactions with climate. General laws and associated equations will be presented as well as measurement techniques, modelling, data analysis with reading of scientific papers, practical work on computers and lab and exercises.
Coordinators
Prof Dr Isabelle DADOU, Univ. Paul-Sabatier, LEGOS, Isabelle.Dadou@legos.obs-mip.fr
Prof. Hubert LOISEL, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale UMR LOG, hubert.loisel@univ-littoral.fr
Lectures
Marine Biogeochemistry (7 hours: C and E), Lecturer: Isabelle Dadou (P. Van Beek)
1) Introduction – bases: chemical composition of the ocean, vertical/horizontal distributions of chemical elements, and control by biology (primary production – remineralization), main horizontal and vertical mixing mechanisms, in situ measurement techniques (no-autonomous and autonomous sensors).
2) Ocean-atmosphere gas exchanges: Dalton’s law of partial pressures, gas solubility, exchange rate and fluxes between the atmosphere and the ocean.
3) Nitrogen cycle in the ocean: why studying this cycle? Main nitrogen compounds and transformations; spatial distribution; important physical and biological processes for this cycle in the ocean.
4) Carbon cycle in the ocean : why studying this cycle? The role of the ocean in this cycle, different chemical and biological species of the carbon cycle in the ocean; important processes (thermodynamics, chemistry and biology) for this cycle.
5) Biogeochemistry, climate and natural resources: important processes, the feedbacks, links with the halieutic resources, anthropogenic forcing (pollution, overexploitation…).
Physical-biogeochemical interactions in the ocean (X hours: C and E).Lecturer: Isabelle Dadou (Marine Herrmann)
1) Importance of coupling between the physics and biogeochemistry in the ocean: Main processes and associated equations, Box models and primitive equation models (advection-diffusion)
2) Source and sink terms in biogeochemistry, trophic web: Biodiversity (phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria), Scheme of a trophic web associated equations and parameterisation of processes.
3) Mixed layer in the ocean (vertical structure of the surface layer of the ocean): Equations of the mixed layer; atmospheric dynamical and heat forcing; Temperate waters: deepening/stratification of the mixed layer, mechanisms of the spring bloom; Tropical waters: vertical structures of the mixed layer and associated biogeochemical vertical distribution
4) Mesoscale processes in the ocean: Characterisation of the physical eddy environment (mesoscale), main processes (eddies, meanders, instability, waves,…) observations (in situ, satellite), modelling; Biogeochemical oceanic mesoscale variability, observations (in situ, satellites) modelling
5) Coastal area (continental shelf, slope and interaction with the open ocean): Importance for halieutic resources, region under high anthropogenic forcing, sources/sinks of greenhouse gases…; Eastern boundary upwelling and Coastal area under river discharge influence: observations, main processes, equations, modelling.
P1) Presentation and work (equation/numerical methods) on a simple biogeochemical model (NPZD) - P2) Presentation and work (equation/numerical methods) on a hydrodynamical model and numerical schemes (tracer advection) (the same ROMS as the one studied in the first year of the Master) - P3) Real case study: Gulf of Tonkin –study of coupled physical/biogeochemical processes of this upwelling (productivity, biomasses, ..)
Practical work in lab (4 hours: PW): Isabelle Dadou, Hubert Loisel, Trinh Bich Ngoc
Laboratory measurements on the properties (carbon, nitrogen) of organic matter and nutrients in the ocean.
1) Presentation of the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of sea waters
2) Relationships between IOPs and the biogeochemical parameters; how IOPs measured at different spatio-temporal scales can provide relevant information on biogeochemical and physical processes.
3) Introduction to satellite observation of ocean color: principles and applications
Instructors
Prof Dr Isabelle Dadou, Univ. Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse 3), LEGOS, France
Dr Marine Herrmann (CR IRD), Univ. Paul-Sabatier (Toulouse 3), LEGOS, France
Dr NGUYEN Nguyet Minh (MCF), USTH, Hanoi, Vietnam
Prof. Hubert LOISEL, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale UMR LOG
The course focuses on evidence of climate change in the past, modern climate variability, and the range of theories and arguments regarding potential climate change in the future. The course also focuses on the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We look at the major controls on climate variability at a range of temporal scales. We study modern research methods that are used to investigate past climate and to model possible climatic trends, such as global warming. Topics include the carbon cycle, solar orbital variations, extreme events evolution, greenhouse warming, ocean-atmosphere feedbacks and the impact of this climate change on ecosystems. We explore the human role in global change, and the response of the environment to such changes, including effects such as sea level rise, changes in vegetation and fauna, and changes in ocean circulation.
Coordinators
Ass Prof Dr Laurent DEZILEAU, Univ. Montpellier 2, Geosciences, dezileau@gm.univ-montp2.fr
Lectures
1. Earth's climate system (3h course, L. Dezileau)
- Solar Radiation and the Earth's Energy Balance
- Greenhouse gases and carbon cycle
- Atmospheric forces, Balances and Weather systems
- Extreme climatic events
2. Past climatic changes (3h course, 4h Practical, L. Dezileau)
- Reconstruction of past climatic changes
- Reconstruction of past extreme climatic events
3. Climate Change in the 21st Century (3h course, 4h Practical, L. Dezileau, B. Joly)
- Greenhouse gases evolution
- Prediction and climate change modelling
- Extreme climatic events evolution
Instructors
Ass Prof Dr Laurent Dezileau, Univ. Montpellier 2, Géosciences Montpellier
