before a conjunction (and, but, for, or) connecting sentences or full clauses, and between very short clauses that are not connected by a conjunction
He hadn’t worked very hard, but still did well in the exams.
I came, I went home, I came back again.
sometimes in informal sentences when that is omitted
She runs so fast, no one can catch her.
to show that a word or words used earlier in the sentence have been left out
Indoor sports are preferred by some; outdoor sports, by many others.
to separate direct speech from words identifying the speaker and type of speech
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