Maxsus ta’lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti qoshidagi akademik litsey Nurmatov J. N, Kudratov K. X

EX 230 TRANSLATE INTO UZBEK AND LEARN BY HEART.
Dash [-]

Dashes are used:

• 
  to mean ‘to’
  

During the years 1975-1985 our prices increased by only 5-10 %.

The London-Edinburgh train leaves every morning at eight.

• 
  in informal writing to give extra information or an additional thought. In formal writing, round brackets () or commas, are generally used instead.
  

John’s gone on a trip to Nanjing – near Shanghai – for a couple of weeks.

It’s easy to find the house – past the shops, then first on the right.

I saw Dave – you remember him, don’t you? – waiting in the post office.

• 
  in informal writing to separate an independent part of a sentence which follows from the main part, or explains it.
  

A colon (:) or semicolon (;) is generally used in formal writing.

We had our tickets, our bags were packed – we were ready to go.

The small packet started to smoke – it was a bomb.

Local businesses in financial trouble – hundreds of jobs will go.

• 
  to show that a speaker paused, was interrupted, or changed what they wanted to say
  

“Helen left about three years ago and went to – er – Bristol, I think”.

“I’m sorry I’m late, but –” “Look, let’s go now, shall we?”

“Sam, take this to – no, don’t bother, I’ll take it myself”.

• 
  to avoid writing a swear-word or taboo word in full
  

Tim told them to b-r off (to bugger off = go away).

“Turn that – music down!”