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3.1. Uchma–uch birikmalar choklarining karbonat angidrid muhitida payvandlash rejimini hisoblash

Uchma–uch birikmalarining choklari ham qirralariga qiyalatib ishlov berish bilan, ham qirralariga qiyalatib ishlov berilmasdan bajarilishi mumkin.

Elektrod simining diametri ( _el ) payvandlanadigan detallarning qalinligiga qarab tanlanadi. Pastki holatda choklarni payvandlashda elektrod simining diametrini tanlashda 8–jadvaldagi ma'lumotlarga amal qilish kerak.
8–jadval
Uchma–uch birikmalarining choklarini payvandlash uchun elektrod simining diametrini tanlash

Metall qalinligi, mm	Qirralarni tayyorlash shakli	Tutashish tirqishi, mm	Elektrod simining diametri, mm	O'tishlar soni
1	2	3	4	5
0,8–1,0 1,5–2,0 2,5–3,0 3,5–4,0	Uchma–uch, qirralari kesilmasdan	0–1,0 0–1,0 0–1,5 0–1,5	0,8 1.0 1.2 1.2 0,6	1 1 1 2 1
4,5–6,0		0–1,5 0,5–2,0	2.0 2.0	1 2
7,0–8,0		0,5–2,0	2.0	2
9,0–10,0		0,5–2,5	2.0	2
11,0–12,0		1,0–3,0	2.0	2
13,0–14,0 15,0–16,0	V – simon bir tomonlama	1,0–2,5 1,0–2,5	2.0 2.0	2 3
17,0–18,0 19,0–20,0 21,0–22,0 23,0–24,0 25,0–28,0	V – simon ikki tomonlama	1,0–2,5 1,5–2,5 1,5–2,5 1,5–2,5 1,5–2,5	2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0	4 4 5 5 6

Payvandlash tokining kuchi, (I_pay ) eritish chuqurligiga ( h ) qarab tanlanadi va 9–Jadvaldan aniqlanadi.

9–jadval
Eritish chuqurligiga qarab payvandlash tokini aniqlash

Payvandlangan detallarning qalinligi, mm	Payvandlash tokini aniqlash formulasi
2 dan kichik yoki teng 5 dan kichik va teng 5 dan ortiq	I pay =(90–100) soat I pay =(80–90) h Ipay =(70–80) h

Birinchi tomondan payvandlashda eritish chuqurligi ( h ) formula bilan aniqlanadi:

H = S / 2 ± 1 mm, (18)
bu erda S – payvandlanadigan detallarning qalinligi, mm.
Yoy kuchlanishi ( U_yoy ) 10–jadvalga muvofiq tanlanadi.
10–jadval
Yoy kuchlanishining payvandlash tokiga nisbatan

Payvandlash toki, A	Yoy kuchlanishi, V
50–100 120–150 160–200 210–250 260–300 310–450 460–500	17–20 21–23 24–27 25–30 30–34 32–34 32–34

Payvandlash tezligi ( V_pay ) 11–jadvalga muvofiq aniqlanadi.
11–jadval
Elektrod simining diametriga qarab payvandlash tezligini aniqlash

Elektrod simining diametri, mm	Payvandlash tezligini aniqlash formulasi, m/soat
0,8–1,6 1,8–2,6 3,0–4,0	V pay = V pay = V pay =

Karbonat angidridning sarfi ( q_s ) payvandlanadigan metall rusumsiga va metallning qalinligiga qarab 12–jadvalga muvofiq tanlanadi.
12–jadval
Uchma–uch birikmaning payvandlangan metallining qalinligiga qarab karbonat angidrid sarfi

Metall qalinligi, mm	Karbonat angidrid sarfi, l / min
1,0–3,0 4,0–8,0 9,0–12,0 13,0–28,0	8–10 15–16 18–20 24–25

Payvand chokining payvandlash rejimini hisoblash natijalari 13–Jadvalga kiritilishi kerak.

13–jadval
Karbonat angidrid muhitida payvandlash usullari

Metall qalinligi, mm	Birikma eskizi	Rejim parametrlari					Gaz sarfi, l/min
		d el , mm	I pay, A	Uyoy , m/soat	V pay , m/soat	O'tishlar soni "n"

3.2. Payvandlangan birikmalarning burchak choklarinikarbonat angidrid muhitida payvandlash rejimini hisoblash
Payvandlashda payvand choklari, elektrod simining diametri Jadvalga muvofiq metallning qalinligiga qarab tanlanadi. o'n burchaklit.
14–jadval
Payvand choklarini payvandlash uchun elektrod simining diametrini tanlash

Metall qalinligi, mm	Qirralarni tayyorlash shakli	Chok katetii, mm	qo'shma tirqish,	Elektrod diametri. sim, mm	O'tishlar soni " n "
0,8–1,0 1,5–2,0 3,0–4,0	Kesilgan qirralarsiz burchak	bitta 2–3 3–6	1 1 1	0,5–1,0 0,8–1,2 1.2	1 1 1
4,0–5,0		5–6	1	1.2 1.6	2 1
5,0–6,0 7,0–8,0 9,0–10,0 11,0–13,0		5–6 6–9 9–11 11–14	1 1 1 1	2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0	1 2 2 3
14,0–16,0		13–16	1 1	2.0 2.5	5 4
17.0–20,		20–22	1.5	2.0 2.5	9 8
21,0–28,0		24–27	1.5	2.0 3.0	12 9

Yoy kuchlanishi ( U_yoy ), tok kuchi ( I_pay ), payvandlash tezligi ( V_pay ) nomogramma bilan aniqlanadi (2–rasm).



Rasm. 2. Elektrod simining diametri 1,6 mm bo'lgan burchak choklarinikarbonat angidrid muhitida yarim avtomatik payvandlash rejimlarini aniqlash uchun nomogramma.

Chokning kerakli katetiini ta'minlaydigan payvandlash rejimini aniqlash uchun, qaysi chokni olish kerakligiga qarab (botiq, tekis. yoki qavariq,) berilgan katet chizig'ida (Kp) yotgan nuqtani, shtrix chiziqlar bilan chegaralangan maydonda tanlandi.

Shu nuqtadan boshlab, ordinata o'qiga chiziqlar tortiladi, bu erda payvandlash tokining qiymatini olamiz va abstsissa o`qida payvandlash tezligining qiymatini olamiz.
Yoy kuchlanishi eng yaqin burchaklitburchakda olinadi.
Karbonat angidrid sarfi 15–jadvalga muvofiq tanlanadi.
15–jadval
payvandlanadigan burchak chokining qalinligiga qarab karbonat angidrid sarfi

Metall qalinligi, mm	Karbonat angidrid sarfi, l / min
0,8–4,0 5,0–8,0 9,0–16,0 17,0–20,0 21,0–28,0	9–10 12–18 18–20 20–22 22–24

Burchak choklarini payvandlash rejimlarini aniqlash natijalari 16–Jadvalga kiritilishi kerak..
16–jadval
Karbonat angidrid muhitida burchak chokini payvandlash rejimlari

Metall qalinligi, mm	Birikma eskizi	Rejim parametrlari						Gaz sarfi, l/min
		Chok katetii, mm	d el , mm	I St , A	U d , m/soat	V pay , m/soat	O'tishlar soni

Mexanizatsiyalashtirilgan (yarim avtomatik) va avtomatik payvandlashning taxminiy rejimlari B ilovada keltirilgan.

4. 
   Mexanizatsiyalashtirilgan (yarim avtomatik) va avtomatik flyus ostida payvandlash usullarini hisoblash
   

Avtomatik va mexanizatsiyalashgan flyus ostida payvandlash uchun qirralarni tayyorlashning konstruktsion elementlari va payvandlanadigan birikmalarning turlari (uchma–uch, burchak, tavrli, ustma–ust) GOST 8713–79 tomonidan tartibga solinadi.
Payvand chokining o'lchami va shakliga ta'sir qiluvchi flyus qatlami ostida avtomatik va mexanizatsiyalashgan payvandlash rejimining asosiy parametrlari:

1. 
   Elektrod (payvandlash) simining diametri, d_el , mm.
   
2. 
   Payvandlash tokining kuchi, I_pay , A.
   
3. 
   Yoy kuchlanishi, U_yoy , V .
   
4. 
   Elektrod simini uzatish tezligi, V_s.u. , m/soat .
   
5. 
   Payvandlash tezligi, V _pay , m/soat.
   

Qo'shimcha rejim parametrlari:

6. 
   Tok turi.
   
7. 
   Qutblanganlik (doimiy tokda).
   
8. 
   Flus rusumi.
   

1. 
   
2. 
   4.1. Ucma–uch birikmalarni payvandlash rejimini hisoblash
   

Payvandlash rejimini hisoblash birinchi tomondan payvandlashda kerakli eritilish chuqurlikni o’rnatilishi bilan boshlanadi , bu quyidagilarga teng bo’ladi:
h = S /2 ± (1–3), mm, (19)
bu erda S – metallning qalinligi, mm.
Asosiy metallning ma'lum chuqurligini olish uchun zarur bo'lgan payvandlash tokining kuchi quyidagi formula bo'yicha hisoblanadi:
I _pay =(80–100) h , A. (20)
Payvandlash simining diametri quyidagi formula bo'yicha hisoblanadi:
d _{el =}2 I _pay / j π , mm, (21)
bu erda I _pay – payvandlash tokining kuchi, A; π – 3,14;
j – tok zichligi, uning taxminiy qiymatlari 17–jadvalda keltirilgan.
17–jadval
Uchma–uch choklarni avtomatik payvandlash uchun elektrod simida ruxsat etilgan tok zichligi

Elektrod simining diametri, mm	6	5	4	3	2	1
Ruxsat etilgan tok zichligi, A / mm^2	25–45	30–50	35–60	45–90	65–200	90–400

Uchma–uch birikmalar uchun yoydagi kuchlanish 32–40 V oralig'ida olinadi. Elektrodning katta toki va diametri yoydagi katta kuchlanishga to'g'ri keladi. Muayyan kuchlanishni tanlang.

Metall yotqizilishi koeffitsienti aniqlanadi ( L_п ), bu formulaga muvofiq teskari polaritning doimiytoki bilan payvandlashda L _N =11,6 ± 0,4 g / A soat va doimiypolarit va o'zgaruvchan tokning doimiytoki bilan payvandlashda formula bo'yicha. :
L = A + B I_pay / d_{el ,} g / A soat, (22)
bu erda I _pay – payvandlash tokining kuchi, A;
d_el – elektrod simining diametri, mm;
A, B – qiymatlari 18–jadvalda keltirilgan koeffitsientlar.
18–jadval
A va B koeffitsientlarining qiymatlari

Tok darajasi	Koeffitsient A			B koeffitsienti
	Doimiy tokning to'g'ri qutblanishi	O'zgaruvchan tok	Doimiy tokning to'g'ri qutblanishi		O'zgaruvchan tok
AN–348A AN–348 AN–348Sh	2.3 2.8 1.4	7.0 7.3 6.0	0,065 0,095–0,120 0,081		0,040 0,048–0,058 0,038

4–6 mm diametrli elektrod simi bilan payvandlash tezligi quyidagi formula bo'yicha aniqlanadi:

V =(20–30) 10 ³ / I _pay , m / soat; (23)
va formula bo'yicha diametri 2 mm bo'lgan elektrodli sim bilan
V =(8–12) 10 ³ / I _pay , m / soat . (24)