196
B. K¨ohnlein
(19) a. [[zwart][wit]]
zwart.w´ıt
‘black and white’
b. [[dood][ziek]]
dood.z´ıek
‘seriously ill’
c. [[tolk][vertaler]]
tolk.ver.t´a.ler
‘interpreter’
d. [[directeur] [geneesheer]] di.rec.teur-ge.n´ees.heer ‘head physician’
e. [[Etten][Leur]]
Et.ten-L´eur
‘Etten-Leur (place name)’
f. [[Jan][Pieter]]
Jan P´ıe.ter
‘Jan Pieter (given name)’
g.[[Smit][Groot]]
Smit-Gr´oot
‘Smit-Groot (double surname)’
h. [[spectro][graaf]]
spectro.gr´aaf
‘spectrograph’
i. [[spectro][gram]]
spectro.gr´am
‘spectrogram’
These stress patterns resemble those of place names predictably ending in stressed
syllables, such as
-dam, as shown in (20). Note that again, some forms contain non–
final superheavy syllables (20c, d), a reliable indicator of structural complexity.
(20) a. [[Amster][dam]]
Am.ster.d´am
b. [[Schie][dam]]
Schie.d´am
c. [[Veen][dam]]
Veen.d´am
d. [[Zaan][dam]]
Zaan.d´am
3.1.6 Summary of descriptive generalizations
Table
1
sums up the descriptive generalizations that can be deduced on the basis
of phonological evidence from stress assignment and phonotactics. The evidence
indicates that the seemingly systematic violations of strong phonological princi-
ples in many place names may in fact be no violations at all: rather, these forms
show clear characteristics of morphological complexity; they either behave like com-
pounds (type
Loosdrecht,
Amsterdam,
Eindhoven) or like base words combined with
stress-neutral suffixes (type
Wageningen,
Groningen,
Bemelen).
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