Q. & A. 711 to 1707 with solved Papers css 1971 to date

Fall of Jerusalem
Hazrat Amr bin al A’as was in the beginning leading the army in front of Jerusalem. After the capture of Antioch and other key cities of Byzantine, Hazrat Abu Ubaidah (Rad.A) also joined him along with Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (Rad.A). They laid siege to the great city of Jerusalem, surrounded by a huge wall. Since the people of Jerusalem had already seen the defeat of Byzantine forces they offered a peaceful truce provided the ”Khalifah” came in person to sign the treaty in their presence. The proposal was passed over to Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) at Medina and after consultation with the ”Shura” he accepted the offer.. Hazrat Umar at Jerusalem
Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) appointed Hazrat Ali (Rad.A) as his deputy and went to Jerusalem with his slave. They were having one camel on which each of them rode by turn. When Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) was entering Jerusalem it happened to be the slave’s turn to ride on the camel. Though the slave offered his turn to the ”Khalifah” but Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) refused and remarked: ”The honour of Islam (i.e., being Muslim) is enough for all of us.” He entered Jerusalem holding the rope of camel on which was riding his slave. His clothes were dirty and there were several patches on them. Hazrat Abu Ubaidah, Khalid bin Walid and other commanders came some distance tc receive him. They were wearing costly garments. This made Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) angry. He threw some pebbles at his generals (to show his anger) and said, ”Have you changed so much in just two years? The only way for the success is the way of Holy Prophet.
Then Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) signed the treaty under which the inhabitants of Jerusalem were granted complete security of their life and property. Their places of worship were secured and remained intact. All the people were allowed to follow their religion freely.
Hazrat Umar (Rad. A )
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The gates of the city were then opened and the Muslims entered the Jerusalem in the year 16 A.H (i.e., 635 A.D.). According to some history books the date given on the treaty signed by Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) falls in the 17 years A.H. It is possible therefore that the Muslims conquered it early in 17th year A.H.
Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) visited the city. The time of the ”Salat” had reached. The Christians allowed the Muslims to perform Salat in the big church but Hazrat Umar (Rad.A) declined to do so that it might not be an excuse for the future generations to take over the church from them. He offered the Salat with the Muslims on the steps of the church. Even then he gave in writing to the Bishop that the steps would never be used for congregational prayers or for the Azan in future.