Quettaparma Quenyanna

I (1st pers. sg): This pronoun normally appears as the ending -n or -nyë (VT49:51) added to verbs, e.g. carin and carinyë “I do”, maruvan "I will abide". The long form -nye must be used if another pronominal ending is to be added after it: utúvienyes, "I [-nye-] have found it [-s]". Independent pronouns: ni (in the "Arctic" sentence, ni is translated "I"), stressed ní with long vowel (VT49:51), as in ní nauva tanomë “I will be there” (VT49:19; ní nauva puts more emphasis on “I” than nauvan, with the pronoun expressed as an ending). The dative pronoun nin "for me" is transparently ni + the dative ending -n; other case endings may also be added to ni. It may be that ni, ní can also function as object (“me”), though a distinct form nye has also been proposed. The longer pronoun inyë may also be used where “I” is emphatic, and presumably can also take case endings. –VT49:48, 50, LotR:1008/1003, Arct, LR:61

ICE helcë; ICE-COLD helca (the final –a is missing in the printed Etymologies, entry KHEL, but VT45:21 confirms that this is a typo; the full form also occurs in LT1:254 and Silm) –LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL

IDEA intya (guess, supposition), inca (cited with a final hyphen in the source, but it does not seem to be a verbal stem); *selma (Þ) ("a fixed idea, will". In WJ:319, the word is given as Þelma, but Þ (th) would become s in the Noldorin Quenya. Cf. Þindë, sindë in WJ:384; see GREY) –INK, VT45:18, WJ:319

IDENTICAL imya (same, selfsame) –VT47:37

IDOL cordon –LT1:257

IDRIL Itaril, Itarillë, Itarildë (obsoleting Irildë in LT2) –PM:346/Silm:436, LT2:343

IF qui (in some texts cé or ce, but the latter form Tolkien defined as “may be” elsewhere); IF ANYBODY aiquen (whoever). IF IT BE SO cenasit, cenasit (may be, perhaps), IF IT BE THAT cenai (but this word probably presupposes cé, ce rather than qui, as the word for “if”). –VT49:19, PE14:59, WJ:372

ILL laiwa (sick, sickly). Since this is derived from a root in sl-, the spelling *hlaiwa may fit Tolkien's later system better: he derived Quenya forms in hl- from roots with this initial combination. (For noun “illness”, see SICKNESS under SICK.) BE ILL quama- (vomit) –SLIW, QL:76

ILL-SHAPEN nauca (hard, twisted, *small – see SMALL.) –WJ:413

ILLUMINATE calya- –KAL

IMAGINATION síma (mind), alternative form (?) isima; also nausë (Þ) –VT49:16, NOWO

IMMINENT – BE IMMINENT: úva- (impend), nearly always in a bad sense: threaten to come. Hrívë úva vena “winter is drawing near to us”. –VT49:14

IMMORTAL ilfirin –PHIR

IMMOVEABLE tulca (firm, strong, steadfast; Note: there is a homophone meaning "fix, set up, establish") –TULUK cf. LT1:270

IMPLEMENT (prob. noun) yaima –GL:37

IMPEDED tapta; nominal pl. taptar was used = tapta tengwi "impeded elements", a term for consonants (sg. #tapta tengwë; in the pl. we would rather expect *taptë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective). –VT39:17

IMPEND úva- (be imminent), nearly always in a bad sense: threaten to come. Hrívë úva véna “winter is drawing near to us”. –VT49:14

IMPORTANT valdëa (of moment) –QL:102

IMPOSSIBLE TO RECOUNT únyárima ("sc. because all the facts are not known, or the tale is too long"), IMPOSSIBLE TO SAY/PUT INTO WORDS úquétima (unpronounceable, unspeakable), A THING IMPOSSIBLE TO BE OR TO BE DONE únat –WJ:370, VT39:26

IMPULSE felmë (emotion), hórë; BODY-IMPULSE hroafelmë (impulses provided by the body, e.g. physical fear, hunger, thirst, sexual desire), SPIRIT-IMPULSE fëafelmë (impulses originating with the spirit, e.g. love, pity, anger, hate); IMPULSIVE hórëa (the gloss "impulsion" in the printed Etymologies is a misreading, VT45:22); HAVE AN IMPULSE horya- (be compelled to do something, set vigorously out to do) –KHOR, VT41:19 cf. 13, VT45:22

IN mi (within), imi; IN THE mí (for *mi i?) (The version of Nam in LotR has mi where the version in RGEO has the more correct form mí.) IN or AT: sé, se (the form with a long vowel may be preferred since se is apparently also a 3rd person pronoun) This preposition sé is apparently related to the locative ending -ssë (plural –ssen, dual –tsë) that would be the most typical way of expressing "in, on, at" in Quenya. IN, INWARDS, see separate entry INWARDS. –MI, VT43:30/VT44:18, 34, Nam, RGEO:66, VT43:30, 34

IN- (prefix denying presence or possession of thing or quality) ú- (not-, un-) –VT39:14; according to LR:396 s.v. UGU, this prefix usually has a "bad sense", cf. vanimor "fair folk" vs. úvanimor "monsters".

INADEQUATE penya (pl. penyë is attested) (lacking). INADEQUATE SIGN #penya tengwe (only pl. penyë tengwi is attested). This term, also translated "lacking signs", was used in early Elvish analysis of Quenya as the term for vowels with no preceding consonant, held (in many cases incorrectly) to have lost such a consonant. –VT39:6, 8

IN A VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa (abundant) –UB

IN FRONT OF (of spatial relationships) opo, pó (before) –VT49:12

INCARNATE (noun) #mirroanwë (only pl. mirroanwi "incarnates" is attested) –MR:350

INCITEMENT siulë –SIW

INCLINE (noun) talta –TALÁT

INCLINED penda (sloping down) –PEN

INDEED (interjection) é. Can be prefixed to sentences, as in e man antaváro? "What will he give indeed?" (LR:63); this e would seem to be a short variant of é. –VT45:11, LR:63

INDEX FINGER (first finger) lepetas (evidently lepetass-), also tassa. This finger is also called emmë, emya (terms used in children's play, basically "mother, mummy"; also used = "index toe"). –VT47:10, 26, VT48:5

INDEX TOE, see INDEX FINGER

INDICATE tana- (show) (Note: tana also means "that"), tëa- (note: not to be confused with the noun tëa "straight line, road"), pa.t. tengë (VT43:38). INDICATION tengwë (sign, token, writing – pl tengwi is attested) INDICATED (adj) tengë. –MR:385, VT39:6, WJ:394, 395 cf. TEK, VT39:6

INDIVIDUAL nassë (person) –VT49:30

INDUCE sahta- (Þ) (referring primarily to inducing someone to do something against their will or conscience). –VT43:22

INDUCEMENT TO DO WRONG #úsahtië (temptation). Attested in the allative case (úsahtienna). –VT43:23

INFLICT PENALTY, see PUNISH

INJURE hyan- –PE16:145

INK móro –PE16:133

INLANDS Mittalmar (the central region of Númenor) –UT:165, 454

INNER MIND órë (heart) (Note: a homophone means "rising") –LotR:1157

INSECT (small insect) pí (fly) –VT47:35

INSERT mitta- –VT43:30

INSIDE, TO THE mir, minna (into) –MI

INSIGHT tercen; OF INSIGHT, lit *INSIGHTFUL #tercenya (only pl tercenyë is attested) –MR:230

*INSTRUCT (Tolkien’s gloss: “give instructions to”) pëanta- –QL:72

INTELLECT handelë; INTELLIGENCE handassë; INTELLIGENT handa (understanding) –KHAN

INTERCHANGE OF THOUGHT (= telepathy) ósanwë (communication of thought). –VT39:26

INTERIOR (adj) mitya –MI

INTO mir, minna (to the inside), variant mina. –MI, VT43:30

INUNDATE oloiya- (flood) –VT42:10

INVENT auta- (devise, originate) (Note: a homophone means "pass"); INVENTION aulë

-GAWA

INWARDS – a word imbë said to be the adverb "in(wards)" appears in VT45:18 (not clearly identified as a Quenya word), but in LotR, imbë (imbi) is the preposition "between".

INZILADÛN Palantir –UT:223, Silm:324

IRELAND Íverind- (As indicated by the hyphen, some ending is needed – a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The normal form must be *Íverin, becoming Íverind(e)- before an ending, e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative *Íverindessë [cf. Lórien, locative Lóriendessë]. The name is also given as Íwerin or Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol Eressëa" – Eressëa later becoming England in this early version of Tolkien's mythology.) –LT2:344, cf 285

IRON anga, IRON or STEEL erë, eren; OF IRON angaina; IRON-HANDED Angamaitë; IRON-GAOL Angamando (Angband) –ANGĀ/LotR:1157, LT1:252, LT1:249, 268, Letters:425 cf. LotR:1085, MR:350

ÍRITH Irissë –PM:345

IS see BE

ISLAND, ISLE lóna, tol (stem toll- as in the pl tolli; the plural was misread as "tolle" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, see VT46:19). According to Silm:438, tol is used of islands "rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river". LT1:269 defines a tol as "any rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc.") STEEP ISLE tollë (apparently simply the fuller form of tol). THE LONELY ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle" often being omitted) –LONO, TOL/VT46:19/VT47:13, 26, RGEO:70

ISOLATED ROUND HILL tolmen (boss of shield) –LT1:269

ISOLATED TOWER mindo –MINI

ISOLATED TREE ornë –ÓR-NI- (see ORO)

ISSUE uswë (escape) –LT1:251

ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring) –KEL

ISTHMUS yanwë (bridge, joining) –YAT

IT (impersonal 3rd sg. pronoun – notice that “personal” forms are used of all living things including plants; see HE): As a pronominal suffix, the entire 3rd person singular “he, she it” is expressed by the ending -s , e.g. caris *“(s)he/it does” (VT49:16). The ending -s is also attested in object position, e.g. utúvienyes, "I have found [utúvienye-] it [-s]"). “It”, with reference to non-living or abstract things, does have a distinct form when appearing as an independent pronoun: sa (VT49:37), with long vowel (sá, VT49:51) when stressed. It is attested in object position: carë sa, “to do it” (VT49:34). Another word for “it” or “that” is ta (though in some sources, Tolkien used ta for plural impersonal “they, them” instead). Case endings may probably be added to sa, e.g. dative *san “for it” (cf. nin “for me”); sa also appears suffixed to a preposition in the word ósa *”with it” (VT43:29). Genitive ITS would normally appear as the ending -rya (only attested with personal meanings “his, her” – see HIS). “Its” as an independent word may be *sanya, formed from *san as the dative form of sa “it” (compare ninya “my” vs. ni “I”, dative nin “for me”). –VT49:16, 51, VT43:29, LotR:1008, TA

ITSELF (reflexive pronoun used on non-living things) imma (also used as noun "same thing"); also in the form insa. –VT47:37