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ton, and very fain the Privy Counsellors employed in this V on. work would have got out of him something against them. For when at Throgmorton's trial, his writing, containing his confession, was read in open court, he prayed the Queen's serjeant that was reading it, to read further, " That here- " after," said he, " whatsoever become of me, my words may " not be perverted and abused to the hurt of some others, " and especially against the great personages of whom I " have been sundry times, as appears by my answers, ex- " amined. For I perceive the net was not cast only for " little fishes, but for the great ones. 1 ''
with by the conspirators to enter into their plot, persuading Devon e j V j ]e him to go down into the west ; where his influence, by rea- son of his noble ancestors, would have been considerable for their purpose. He was told by Sir Nic. Throgmorton, that he and Sir Edward Warner, and divers other gentle- men, would accompany him out of town, and that Sir Peter Carow should meet him with a band of horse and foot, by the way of Andover, for his safeguard. But all would not move him to stir from London. So that the conspirators, seeing his prudent resolution not to meddle in this dan- gerous matter, gave out that he had discovered all to the Chancellor ; or that it was come out by his tailor, about the trimming of a shirt of mail, and making a cloak. While these agitations were in England, and Wyat, and Spaniards Carow, and their parties, had, as was said before, sufficiently mi;used - l4 152 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL CHAP, shewed their disgust of a match with Spain, many of the common sort, as they had opportunity, would abuse Spa- Auno i553.m ar d s? (of whom there seemed to have been good store here already,) and offer them indignity, especially merchants. Insomuch that many of that nation that were hastening over hither, and divers of them merchants with their ships and commodities, began to be at a stand, and were loath to venture themselves in a country so disaffected to them. Whereat the Queen, who as much favoured them, sent forth her letters in February to her justices and officers, to this which tenor : " That whereas she was informed, that upon occa- ters fiom " s i° n °f certain vain and seditious rumours, lately spread the Queen. « abroad by Peter Carow, Wyat, and other traitors of that " conspiracy, divers of the subjects of her good brother, the " Emperor, haunting this her realm, had of late been mis- " used, and uncourteously intreated by some of her dis- " ordered subjects, contrary to the good peace and amity " that was betwixt the said Emperor and her, she meaning " the conservation of her said good brother's friendship and " good neighbourhood ; and understanding that for certain " his necessary affairs, he sent presently divers of his ships " and subjects to the seas, who, being warned by their late " evil entertainment here, stood in some doubt to traffic or " resort into any of the ports of her said realm ; did let " them wit her will and special commandment was, that " they should give order and strait charge in her name unto " all such her havens, ports, or creeks, as were within that 99 " ner county of that her officers and subjects,
" should not only suffer such of her said good brother's " ships and subjects, merchants, or others, as either by " force of weather, or otherwise, should happen to arrive in " any of her said ports, peaceably to enter and abide in the " same, without any their trouble or disquiet ; but also to " use them in friendly manner, and to see them aided and " succoured with victuals, or such other things as they " should have need of, for their reasonable money : charg- " ing her said subjects not to fail hereof, as they tendered UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 153 " her displeasure, and would answer for the contrary at CHAP. " their peril. Yeoven under our signet at our palace of " Westminster, the of February, the first year of our Anno 1553. " reign. 11
the Lord Chancellor, the old Bishop of Durham, and the^. g b / Bishops of London, Chichester, and St. Asaph, to deprive sion. King Edward's bishops, upon pretence of their being mar- ried. And, on the 16th day, they accordingly deprived the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Lincoln, Chester, and St. David's. And on the next day, the Bishops of Here- ford and Gloucester. About the 14th of March, in Aldersgate, or in a house The voice in near it, was a strange voice heard in a wall, that spoke unto * ie wa * several people. And, whatever it were, by it such seditious things were uttered, as it was afterwards complained of to the Lord Mayor. But it was not long before it proved a deceit, and was made known by divers what it was. And such as were concerned in it were taken up, and committed to several prisons ; some to Newgate, some to the Compter, and others to the Tower. This voice was called, the spi?'it in the wall. It was given out to be the work of the Holy Ghost, or some angel. The report of it occasioned great flocking thither. It was discovered afterwards, that the words were uttered by whistle through the hole of a wall, which a wench dexterously did. And because the words were not very intelligible, there were certain confede- rates, that interpreted them to the by-standers. The tenor whereof was against the Prince of Spain, and the Queen's matching with him, and against auricular confession, the mass, and other Popish worship newly introduced.
so Sir Tho. Grey, related, it is probable, to them, was now in J^^ e trouble. He was one of the best reputation in the parts ad- trouble, joining to Scotland. John Lord Conyers, who had the charge of the east marches for anempst Scotland, and re- sided at Barwick, made this Grey of counsel with him in 154 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL CHAP, that charge. But the Queen had sent letters to the Lord Confers for the said Sir Thomas to appear before the Earl Anno 1553. of Shrewsbury, lord president of the north, and the rest John Lord f ^ Council there, the first Monday in Lent. But the
marches. pearing then ; because, as he sent word to that Council, he could not then be absent, such need was of him. An at- tachment was soon after awarded out against him. But even now again the Lord Conyers desired the Earl, that he might answer by his attorney sufficiently warranted, and that a commission might be awarded to such of the country as should please his Lordship, to take his answer. The north, As in the southern parts the people had no stomach to h d t a reii-" rece i ye tn e °ld rejected Popish service, now lately enjoined gion. again ; so neither in the northern quarters had the common
places. Thus the town of Burneston, in the north riding of Yorkshire, was so averse to receiving again the mass, that they were complained of to the Council in the north ; there being at that time no Bishop of Chester, (in whose diocese the parish was,) to apply to for remedy: which occasioned John Latymer and Christopher Nevyle, justices of peace, as it seems, in those parts, thus to write unto the Ex Epist. Earl of Shrewsbury : " Further certifying your good Lord- lop^nOf- " sn ip> that the vicar and church- wardens of Burneston, fie. Armor. « within the limits of our commission, have complained to " us the lack of things necessary for the setting forth divine " service. Whereupon we have commanded them, in the " Queen's name, to provide : which to do, they are very " stubborn. And for because the town aforesaid is in the " diocese of Chester, whereof there is no ordinary to make " complaint unto ; therefore we do certify your good Lord- " ship, to the intent that we may know what is further to " be done : that we may endeavour us accordingly. Dated " March 18." The Mar- The old year went off with some expressions of the quis of Queen's mercy. For March 24, the Lord Marquis of Northamp- ton and others pardoned. UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 155 Northampton, the Lord Cobham, and his two sons, and CHAP, divers others, were delivered out of the Tower, and had the Queen's pardon. Anno 1553. CHAP. XL A farther account of Mountain's troubles. The troubles of Dr. Crome. A pious nobleman in prison for religion. -LiET us now look again upon Thomas Mountain, whom Wyat offers we left in the Marshalsea, and his fellow-prisoners. To*j^"[ Q him and the rest that lay there for religion, Wyat, being in the Mar- Southwark, sent his chaplain, offering to set them at liberty, Dert „ (but none else,) if they desired it. But either so ready were they to stand in a good cause, and to maintain the truth, leaving their cause in God's hand, or so unwilling to do any thing that might seem to give countenance to his rebellion, that they sent him a civil refusal with thanks. With which answer they understood Wyat was well pleased, as report was afterwards made to them.
Dr. Pendleton, Mr. Udal, parson Pyttis, and one Wakelyn, {Jj^jjjjjl a petty canon of Paul's. All these laboured Mountain very tain. sore for to recant : " which if he would do, my Lord " Chancellor, 11 said Chadsey to him, " would deliver you, I " dare say ; and you shall have as good livings as ever you " had, and better. 11 To whom he answered, " I would not " buy my liberty, nor yet my lord's favour, so dear, as to " forsake my good God, as some of you have done : the " price whereof you are like one day to feel, if you repent " not in time. God turn your hearts, and make you of a " better mind. Fare you well ; you have lost your mark ; " for I am not he you look for. And so we parted." Dr. Marty n also did one time send for him to come speak with 101 him at the Bishop of Winchester's house, offering him many good livings, if he would submit himself unto the said Bishop. To which he answered, " If I should go about to
156 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL CHAP. " please men, I know not how soon my Maker would take " me away. For a double-hearted man is unconstant in all Annoi 553. « his ways. I trust that your sweet balms therefore shall " never break my head. And seeing that I have begun in " the Spirit, God forbid that I should now end in the " flesh." Hearing this, he parted from him in a great fury; and going out of his chamber, he sware a great oath, say- ing, that he was as crafty an heretic knave as ever he talked with, and that he did nothing but mock at my Lord. " Thou shalt gain nothing by it, I warrant thee," said he : " Keeper, have him away, and look straitly to him, I coun- " sel you, till that you know further of my Lord's plea- " sure." An abusive These prisoners had got among them an abusive descrip- of S the P ° n ti° n °f tne P erson of the Prince of Spain, and something Prince of reflecting also upon the Queen and the match : as indeed there were many libels dispersed against it, as going against the grain of the English nation. It was discovered and in- formed, that a copy of this description was among the here- tic prisoners ; and Mountain was reported to be the com- poser of it: whereas he had it from a friend, and one Stonyng transcribed it. Whereupon Sir Tho. Baker, Sir Tho. Moyl, and Sir Tho. Holdcroft, Kt. Marshal, sat in commission within the Tower, to examine Mountain, and three more, about it. They utterly denied they were the au- thors of it. Then, Sir Rich. Southwel, " To the rack, to the " rack with them : serve them like heretics and traitors, as " they be :" and suddenly fell fast asleep as he sat at the board. Afterward, upon examination, when one of them had asserted whence he had it, and Stonyng acknowledged he wrote it out ; then they were all locked up every man by himself, and Stonyng stayed behind, and was had down to the rack, and laid upon it, and so pulled that he began to crack under the arm-pits, and other parts of his body : and then was taken off, and put in a brake of iron, his neck, hands, and feet, and so he stood all night against a Avail, and the next day taken out again. And thus con- tinuing prisoners in the Tower a quarter of a year, the
UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 157 Council ordered them to be sent to the Marshalsea again, CHAP, where they were before. What afterwards became of Moun- tain, and of his removal to the gaol at Cambridge, we shall Anno 1553. hear under the next year.
I shall here add a third, now also taken into custody, ta en up ' namely, Dr. Edward Crome, once of the University of Cam- bridge, and of eminency while there, minister of Aldermary church, an old city minister, an excellent preacher, and a great setter forth of true religion, and well known and fa- voured by King Henry. Some say, that he afterwards re- canted and subscribed, and so got his neck out of danger : as indeed many nowadays did, through the violence of the persecution, and some of these formerly of good repu- tation for their zeal to true religion. Of this Crome, being contemporary with Latimer, and of great fame through Henry, Edward, and Mary's reigns, I shall set down some passages to preserve his memory. In the year 1530, he was said by some to be abjured, Examined and by some to be perjured too. It is certain that he was Kin^and examined by the Bishop of London, and divers other of the P relates >
cerning some doctrines which he had preached, being then parson of St. Anthony's, and noted and suspected for cer-102 tain heresies and heretical doctrines, as they called them : namely, concerning purgatory, praying to saints, and saints praying for us; pilgrimages, the Lent-fast, the seven sa- craments, worship of images, praying for the dead, merit by good-works, the authority the Bishops have to suspend ; whether kings are bound to give their people the use of the Scriptures, or may prohibit it; concerning consecrations and blessings used in the Church. At his examination he declaring to the Bishops, that his judgment was accord- ing to theirs in these points, and that the mistakes concern- ing him and his doctrine arose from the misapprehension of the hearers ; the King told him, after a long hearing, that he would see that he should have no wrong; but nei- ther would he maintain him in any evil. So he seems to
158 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL CHAP, have acknowledged before them his faith in fourteen parti- . culars, which sounded somewhat ill to the ears of a tho- SIOIl
Auno 1553. roU gh-paced Gospeller. They are as follow, as I extracted
His confes- " The xith day of March, 1530, Mr. Edward Crome, " professor of dyvinytie of the Unyversytie of Cambridg, " and parson of S. An tony es of London, being noted and " suspected for certain heresies, and for heretical doctrin, " was convented before the Bishop of London, and other " Bishops, at the King's house, called York Place, and did " acknowledg and confess his faith, as following: i. " Imprimis, That sowles departed are afflicted and " purged in purgatorie. 2 . " That the holy martyrs, apostels, and confessors, being " departed, are to be honoured, called upon, and prayed " unto.
4. " That pilgrimage and oblations may be don merito- " riously at the sepulchres and reliques of saints. 5. " That Lent and other fasting days now in use are to be " kept, unless necessity e do require otherwyse. 6. " That yt is necessary to salvation to beleve, that God " doth give grace to the seven sacraments ; and that they " and every of them are to be receaved.
" the churches in the memory of Christ and his saints. 8. " That the prayers of the living do profit the dead in " purgatory. 9. " That men may meryt by ther fasting and other good " works. io. " That those that are forbidden by the Bishops (by rea- " son of suspicion of ther faith) ought to leave off preach- " ing and teaching, tyl such tyme as they purge themselfs " before ther superiours.
" tongue. 12. " That kings and princes may for the time ordayn, that UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 159 " the people shall not have the Scriptures in the vulgar CHAP. " tonmie. XL " That consecrations, sanctifications, and benedictions, Anno 1553. " after the »maner of Christians, receaved in the Church, 13, " are lawdable. " That I did ever beleve that these opinions are trew, 14. " and whosoever doth hold the contrary, in my judgment, " doth erre."
these were not subscribed, but only registered. Hence we conclude Crome subscribed not unto these articles, but only 103 confessed them, or some things to the like effect, by word of mouth before the Bishops.
public recantation. But some of his friends thought it ad- «f °^iiii visable, that he should make some declaration and explica- former con- tion more at large of his mind and judgment in those points, that, as the report went, he had acknowledged be- fore the Bishops : which he did in his own parish church. I refer the reader to the Catalogue, where he may read it : Numb. X. where he will find that Crome did in effect own these ar- ticles, but mollified them as much as he could, and purged them from the superstitions and abuses which the Papists had grounded on them. His timorousness indeed made him sometimes acknowledge such doctrines, which he had much ado to reconcile to what he formerly had said : though he pretended that in that confession he revoked nothing that he had preached in times past. But this the reader may be judge of, that will take the pains to read what he delivered in his declaration.
good Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, that about the Jr™^" f d * year 1540, when King Henry was founding anew his ca- Dean of thedral of Christ's Church, Canterbury, he earnestly inter- bury^" ceded with the Lord Crumwel, that Crome might be placed dean there, esteeming him the fittest in England for that dignity, using these words to the said Lord in a letter wrote from Croydon : " Assuring you, my Lord, that I know no Cleopatra, E. 4. 160
MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL
CHAP.
XI. Anno 1553 " man meeter for the dean's room in England, than Dr. " Crome : who by his sincere learning, godly conversation, " and good example of living, with his soberness, hath done " unto the King's Majesty as good service, I«dare say, as " any priest in England. And yet his Grace daily remem- " bereth all others that doth him service, this man only ex- " cept; who never had yet (beside his gracious favour) any " promotion at his Highness's hands. Wherefore, if it would " please his Majesty to put him into the dean's room, I do " not doubt but that he should shew light to all the deans " and masters of colleges in this realm. For I know that " when he was but president of a college in Cambridge, his " house was better ordered than all the houses in Cam- " bridge besides." Preaches in About the time of Anne Ascue's suffering, viz. in the of"Ac h res! aS year 1546, he preached at St. Thomas Acres, now called Mercers' chapel. There he proved learnedly, in a time of Lent, " that Christ was the only sufficient sacrifice unto " God the Father, for the sins of the whole world; and " that there was therefore no more sacrifice to be offered " for sin by the priests ; for that Christ had offered him- " self once for all." For this doctrine he was apprehended by Bishop Boner, and brought before Bishop Gardiner and other of the King's Council. To them he promised to re- He recants cant or explain his doctrine at St. Paul's Cross. Which he did, Boner and all his doctors sitting by. But he so preached and handled his matter, that he rather verified his former assertions, than denied any part of them. Boner took him home with him, shewed him his dislike of his ser- mon, and had him before the Council ; making him come up again at the Cross the next Sunday after his appear- ance there. And then, I suppose, his recantation was in- dited to him. And that it might be before the more wit- nesses, they procured the chief of the Council to be there. Then he denied Christ's sacrifice to be sufficient for peni- tent sinners, and that the sacrifice of the mass was good, 1 04 godly, and a holy sacrifice propitiatory, and available both for the quick and the dead. And he confessed, that he
at Paul's Cross
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