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Anno 1553. en titled, Diacosio-Martyrion, i. e. The testimony of two

MartyHoa. hundred, for the truth of Christ' '* body and blood in the Eu-

charist ; wrote three years ago against P. Martyr; nozv

first published by John White of Winchester College : Lon-

don, Dec. 1553. 4to. It was writ in Latin verse, and de-

dicated to the Princess Mary. So that it seems to have been

printed before, with a new title-page now, to recommend

it the better to sale.

Henry Lord And Henry Lord Stafford, to shew his compliance with

writes" 1 tnese times, translated two epistles of Erasmus, wherein was

undertaken to be shewn, the brain-sick headiness of the

Lutherans ; and printed it by Will. Riddel, in 16°.

116 CHAP. XIII.

Some new Bishops consecrated. A new Parliament. Cran-

mer, Ridley, Latimer at Oxford : their disputation there.

Divers remarkable matters happening in the months of

April and May. Divers trials, executions, processions.

Punishments. The Queen's progress.
Anno 1554. J- HOUGH there was now a great vacancy of episcopal

Apri1, sees in the Church, yet none were consecrated bishops be-

siiops made, fore April 1. when Gardiner, bishop of Winchester, and

lord chancellor, did consecrate and bless in the church of

St. Saviour's in Southwark, alias St. Mary Overy's, (which

belonged to him,) before the high altar, six new bishops,

found out for their purpose: viz. White, warden of Win-

chester, to be bishop of Lincoln ; Gilbert Bourne to be

bishop of Bath and Wells ; Dr. Morgan to be bishop of St.

David's ; Dr. Brokes, bishop of Glocester ; Dr. Cotes, bi-

shop of West Chester ; Maurice GrifFyn, (commonly called

Mr. Mores,) parson of St. Magnus, bishop of Rochester;

and Parfew, alias Warton, the bishop of St. Asse, that is,

Asaph, was translated to Hereford. All was performed, at

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 181

this recovery of the Papal religion, with extraordinary CHAP,

state and ceremony. For the church was hanged with _

cloth of arras (tapetis, stragulis, et aliis preciosis vestibus Anno 1554.

ornata) and other costly carpets : and a goodly mass was p eg ,' st £

said. And when all was done, Te Deum laudamus ex-tuar.

cellently sung. And at the conclusion, all departed to the

Lord Chancellor's to dinner ; where was as splendid an en-

tertainment as possibly could be.
On the next day, viz. April 2, began the Apostles' mass Apostie-

again at the cathedral of St. Paul's. vlTe j

The same day began Queen Mary's second Parliament. The act for

She rode thither in her parliament robes, and the bishops j™ ™J Q "

and temporal lords in theirs ; and after a goodly mass of Greensted

the Holy Ghost sung, they repaired together to the house.

This Parliament continued to the 5th of May, and then

dissolved. Among the public acts of this Parliament, one

was for the repealing of an act made for the uniting of the

parish churches of Chipping Ongar and Greensted in

Essex, the inhabitants of each to repair to Greensted as

their parish church. This was done, I am apt to think, in

displeasure to William Morice, esq. an old and great pro-

fessor of religion, and who had suffered for it ; and whose

younger son Ralph was secretary to Archbishop Cranmer.

He for some reasons had got this union of the two parishes

established by act of Parliament in the 2d of King Edward,

being then a burgess of Parliament. He lived at Chipping

Ongar aforesaid, and was patron of that church, and died

in the beginning of this reign. In that act of repeal, this

gentleman is severely charged for this act of his, and is very

illy represented to posterity, and perhaps, according to the

custom of these times of Queen Mary, worse than he de-

served : and being dead, could not vindicate himself, nor

was it safe for his children to do it. He is charged to have

done it inordinately for private lucre and profit : and that it

was without the knowledge and consent of the parishioners

of Ongar : and that in the said act of consolidation of those

two churches were contained false suggestions and untrue 117

surmises concerning the distance and value of the said

x3

182 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, churches and benefices. And that the parsonage of Ongar

was worth 10/. per ann. so long as the said Morice did

Anuo1554 - truly pay his tithes. And that by colour of this act he

did enter into the said church and churchyard of Ongar,

the mansion-house and glebe land of the parsonage, and

divers other pieces of land to the said church appertaining ;

through which the people of Ongar, and others, had their

highways and paths from time to time : and that he took

away all the ornaments, bells, vestments, chalice, and lead

of the church, and converted it to his own use, and co-

vered the said church with tiles. It set forth, that the

church of Greensted was not able to contain half the

parishioners, nor the curate of Greensted able in winter to

pass the brooks running and overflowing between the towns

of the said parishes ; whose churches were distant three

quarters of a mile and more : so that divers had died with-

out confession and counsel of their curate, and without ad-

ministration of the holy sacraments. In this act of the

Queen it was decreed, that the advowson and presentation

of the parsonage of Ongar should belong unto James Morice,

William's son and heir, and his heirs and assigns.

Cranmer, Archbishop Cranmer, Bishop Ridley, and Father Laty-

Latym'er 11 mer > were sent down in the beginning of April, from their

dispute at prison at London, to dispute their doctrines at Oxford. But

this was nothing but a vain-glorious design of the Papists,

to vaunt their own religion, and to run down the late refor-

The re- mation with words and noise. Here Dr. Weston, who was the

formation moderator, in his disputation with Latymer, belied openly
misrepre- . x i v,
seated by a great many particulars of King Edward s proceedings.
Weston. Thus, upon the removing of altars, and setting tables in

their stead; which tables were ordered to be placed not al-

tar-wise, but table-wise, and the person that officiated, to

turn his face, not to the east, but to the people, thus abu-

sively did this man set it out: " A sort of apes, they could

" not tell which way to turn their tails, looking one day west,

" another day east; one that way, another this way. 1 ' Be-

cause the cup was appointed to the laity, and the minister

was to say, Drink this in remembrance that Christ's blood

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 183

was shed for thee, and be thankful; the same merry gen- CHAP,

tleman represented the office thus: " They get them a tan-.

" kard, [as though they refused the use of the chalice,] and Anno ,554 -

" one saith, I drink, and I am thankful. The more joy of

" thee, saith another." And because the reformers, in the

second edition of the Communion-Book, put in a proviso,

that no adoration was intended to the sacrament, Weston

would have this to be done solely by the persuasion of a

Scot, (whom yet he named not,) and none other. " A re-

" negade Scot did take away the adoration or worshipping

" of Christ in the sacrament. By whose procurement that

" heresy was put into the last Communion-Book. So much

" prevailed that one man's authority at that time. 1 ' 1 But

there was no Scot that ever I could read or hear of, that

assisted at the review of that Communion-Book. And in-

deed Cranmer, Ridley, and Cox, were the chief that manag-

ed that affair, though they consulted with Bucer and Peter

Martyr. And as for Knox, the Scotchman, he was hardly

come into England (at least any further than Newcastle)

at this time, much less had any thing to do with that work.

Again, speaking of the reformation in England, he laid it as

a reproach upon the directors of it, that they followed no

other churches but their own fancy : " You neither agreed 118

" with the Tygurines nor Germans, or with the Church, or

" with yourselves." Indeed they took their direction and

pattern from the word of God and the primitive Church.

And, finally, because they took away altars, and pulled down

other superstitions out of the churches, and placed not such

holiness in the walls and stones as the Papists did, he laid

to their charge, that they were against all churches : " They

" will be like, they say, to the Apostles. They will have

" no churches : a hovel is as good for them." And thus the

holy and wise reformation was to be ridiculed and be

belied by this court divine, openly before the University,

the better to bring the scholars back to the old super-

stitions.
In this jolly Doctor's disputation with Latymer, I shall Latymer

insert one observation, which is not mine, but a learned C women

N 4

184

MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

Anno 1554.

must com.

municate.

Ponet in his

book
against Dr.

Martin.

CHAP, man's who wrote and lived in those times. In disputing

XIII •
' about women's receiving the sacrament, " Weston was not
" ashamed to maintain as a truth, that women ought not
" to receive the communion : making it, as it were, doubt-
" ful, and not plain by God's word : and that for declara-
" tion and proof of the same heretical opinion, among other
" questions, he demanded of the holy martyr, where he
" found in Scripture that women ought to receive the sa-
" crament ? Unto whom Latymer answered, Yes, and it
" please your mastership, I shall find it in the Scriptures,
" that women ought to receive the sacrament. Nay, quoth
" Weston, that can you never in the Scriptures. Yes,
" quoth Latymer, here I have it, I trow, in St. Paul, Pro-
" bat seipsum homo, et sic de pane illo edat, &c. I pray
" you, Mr. Doctor, cujus generis homo ? Doth not this
" word homo signify in both kinds, as well man as woman ?
" Here was Mr. Doctor blank. But lest he should have
" this shameful foil at this holy man's hand, Weston being
" their chief commissioner, the bench of the doctors con-
" suited for an answer, whereby to deliver Weston out of
" the briers : and in conclusion they made this resolution
" to the auditory, that the Greek word was «v>jp, which
" Greek word signifieth man only, in the masculine gender.
" A meet answer, forsooth, for such as seek to maintain
" their heresy they care not how : for indeed the Greek
" word is not ocvrjp, as they falsely alleged, but civQpamoc,
" which answereth to homo, and signifieth both man and
" woman, according to Mr. Latymer's learned saying. And
" so Weston, glad to avoid his own shame some ways, con-
" sented to their lie, and made a catholic conclusion of it,
" that it was not so in the Greek : which was an impudent
" lie. Weston indeed was ignorant in Greek : a fit divine
'* in the mean time." For the said author observed, that
at Paul's Cross, in the hearing of the whole audience, he had
said, the Greek word a.vQpco7ro(x,op
voratores, devourers of men, when indeed it is the name of
those heretics who held that opinion, that God the Father
hath the form and shape of a man, and such members and

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 185

parts of a body as be ascribed to him in Scripture. Where- CHAP.

upon the said author made this inference : " What boldness XIn '

" have they among the ignorant, [as Dr. Weston had in Anno 1554.

" this Paul's Cross sermon in venting falsehood,] when in

" the midst of an University, among a great number of

" learned men, they be not ashamed to belie the very text

" of Scripture for the maintenance of their heresy, and to

" condemn him for heresy who most learnedly defended

" himself with the truth of God's word, by this and sundry

"places, to their perpetual shame, to be registered inll9

" chronicles for ever, and to God's eternal glory."

And as by disputations with these venerable men true Another

religion was triumphed over at Oxford, the like vain triumph j n te'nded°at

was determined to be shewn at the other University of Cam- Cambridge,

bridge ; and that in May, in parliament time, for the greater

ostentation. And a commission was in a readiness for the

sending down thither Bishop Hooper, Bishop Farrar, Dr.

Taylour, Mr. Philpot, Mr. Saunders, all very learned men,

and all prisoners ; and Dr. Weston and his company were

to enter the lists with them also. But Hooper, who

had intelligence of it, being in the Fleet, speedily con-

veyed the notice thereof to the other divines then in

the King's Bench and Marshalsea; and very prudently,

to prevent their dealing with them as they had done at

Oxford, he gave this advice to them in a private letter:

' How they knew that those that were to be their censors Fox, Mar-

' and judges thirsted after their blood ; and that in the end yro '

' of these disputations the adversaries would cry out Vic-

' tori/, as they did against those great learned men and

' godly personages at Oxford. Wherefore, he said, for his

' part he would never answer them, except he had books

' present, because they used not only false allegations of

' the doctors, but also took a piece of them against the

' whole course of their minds. Next, he would require

' sworn notaries to take things spoken indifferently, though

' it would be very hard to get such ; for that the adverse

f party would have the oversight of all things, and then

' make their own sayings and arguments better than they

186 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " were, and those of their opposites worse. And then, thirdly,

X ' " if two or three, or more, should speak together, or with

Anno 1554." mocks and taunts illude and mock them, then he advised

" it were best to appeal, to be heard before the Queen and

" the whole Council : which would much set forth the glory

" of God. For many of them, he said, knew already the

" truth ; and many more of them erred rather of zeal than

" malice ; and a third sort, that were indurate, would be

" answered fully to their shame, though to the smart and

" blood-shedding of the other part. For he was, he said,

" assured of this, that the commissioners appointed to hear

" and judge them, meant nothing less than to hear the

" cause indifferently ; for that they were enemies to them

" and their cause, and were at a point already to give sen-

" tence against them. So that, if it were possible, they

" should speak with St. Stephen, that the adversaries should

" not be able to resist ; or else, with Christ, to use silence

" and patience.*"
Hooper added, " That he knew they would deny this

" appeal ; but yet advised they should challenge it, and

" take witness thereof of such as were present, and demand

" indifferent hearing and judgment, either before the Queen

" and her Council, or before all the Parliament, as they

" were used in King Edward's days. And of this, he de-

" sired within a day or two to know their resolution, since

" he knew, that when they should be carried down, they

" should be kept asunder, and not suffered to come at one

" another, to confer together."

Some no- For the more honourable reception of the Prince of

biemen Spain, (of which now was all the talk,) certain persons were

made noble. Sir John of Bridges was created, on the 8th

of April, Lord Shandois; and the same day, Sir John

Williams, Baron of Thame, and appointed lord chamber-

lain to the Prince, and Sir Anthony Browne, master of his

120 horse. And the same day, the Lord William Howard,

lord admiral, and his captains, were habited in white and

green velvet and satin, taffeta, and sarcenet ; the trumpeters

also in green and white ; and all the mariners so arrayed.

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 187

On the same day, somebody unknown hanged a cat on CHAP,

the gallows beside the cross in Cheap : (for the gallowses in XIII>

the city, whereon the rebels in the month of February last Anno 1554.

were hanged, still remained for a terror.) The said cat was Acathan S"

habited in a garment like to that the priest wore that said gibbet in

mass : she had a shaven crown ; and in her fore feet held a ^ b ? a P> m
' dension.
piece of paper made round, representing the wafer. This

gave great offence : but, notwithstanding all the search that

could be made, the doers could not be found. Whereupon,

April 13, it was proclaimed, that whosoever he were that

would discover him or her that had done this unseemly

deed, he should be rewarded with twenty mark.

Sir Thomas Wyafs fatal day was now come, being the Wyat exe-

11th of April, when, between nine and ten of the clock cue '

afore noon, on Tower-hill he was beheaded. And by

eleven of the clock he was quartered on the scaffold, and

his bowels and members burnt beside the scaffold : and a

car and basket being at hand, the four quarters and the

head were put into the basket, and conveyed to Newgate, to

be parboiled. And the day after, his head was set upon

the gallows on Hay-hill, beside Hyde-park, where three

men hung in chains; being the place where the Queen's

men and Wyafs had a skirmish, and he and his officers

overcome. One of his quarters was set up upon a gibbet

at Mile-end; and another beside Newington, beyond St.

George's in Southwark ; another beside Thomas of Wa-

terings ; and the fourth at
On the 17th day of the foresaid month, four more, sir Nic.

charged to be in the late insurrection, were brought to t ™ r °s™° r "

Guildhall, London; namely, Sir Nic. Throgmorton, Sir and quitted.

James A Croft, Mr. Winter, (who was admiral to the fleet

that was to fetch over the prince,) and Mr. Vaughan.

Where Vaughan gave evidence against Sir Nicolas, and

Winter's confession was made use of to the same purpose.

But after a long trial, he so well pleaded his own cause,

that the jury acquitted him : but they were severely fined.

The trial is extant in Hollingshed's History.

188 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. On the 21st were two men set on the pillory in Cheap,

for speaking seditious words and false lies against the Queen

Anno 1554. and her Council: and one of them had his ears nailed to

J*? f- the pillory.
lonzed. 1 J
On the 23d, being St. George's day, the Queen now
being at St. James's in the fields, repaired to the chapel,
and went, according to the old custom, a procession with
The Prince a n the knights of the garter that were then present : and
received the same day were created the Prince of Spain, and the
into the Earl of Sussex, knights of that order.
order. ' &
Lord Tho- On the 28th, the Lord Thomas Grey, the Duke of Suf-
mas Grey folk's brother, a valiant and brave gentleman, lost his life,
executed.
being beheaded on Tower-hill, between nine and ten of the

clock, and buried at Alhallows Barking in Tower-street.

The day after, Sir James A Croft and Mr. Winter were

brought to Guildhall, and the former was arraigned and

cast.

Postii mass. April 30. began the postil mass at St. Paul's, at five a

clock in the morning every day.

May. Rogation-week being come, May 3, being holy Thurs-

week at St. day, at the court of St. James's, the Queen went in proces-

James's. s i on w ithin St. James's, with heralds and sergeants of arms,

121 and four bishops mitred : and Bishop Bourn, beside his

mitre, wore a pair of slippers of silver and gilt, and a pair

of rich gloves, with ouches of silver upon them very rich.

And all the three days there went her chapel about the

fields. The first day to St. Giles's, and there sung mass.

The next day, being Tuesday, to St. Martin's in the Fields ;

and there a sermon was preached, and mass sung : and the

company drank there. The third day to Westminster;

where a sermon was made, and then mass, and good cheer

made: and after, about the park; and so to St. James's

court. The same Rogation-week, went out of the Tower,

on procession, priests and clerks, and the lieutenant with all

his waiters; and the axe of the Tower borne in procession:

the waits attended. There joined in this procession the in-

habitants of St. Katharine's, Radcliff, Limehouse, Poplar,

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 189

Stratford, Bow, Shoreditch, and all those that belonged to CHAP,

the Tower, with their halberts. They went about the XI11,

fields of St. Katharine's and the liberties. Anno 1554.
Good store of Spanish gold had already come into Eng- Values set

land : for the English were to be reconciled to the Spanish S^aid"

match by a liberal distribution of it. It seems the Portugal

pieces admitted of contest as to the prices of them : which

cost the Queen a proclamation, dated May 4, to ascertain

the value they should go at. Which was, that from the

date of the publication thereof, every single crusado of Por-

tugal, with the long cross, being of the just standard, fine-

ness, and weight, should be deemed and accepted to be of

value 6s. 4d. of current money of this realm. Every pis-

tolet, being of the just standard, fineness, and weight, should

be deemed and accepted to be of the value of 6s. 2d. Every

single crusado of Portugal, with the short cross, being of

the just standard, to be of value 6s. 8d. And every of the

said coins should be commonly paid and received through

her Highness's realms, and other her dominions, in all pay-

ments and receipts, according to the said rates. And all,

dwelling, conversing, and trafficking within the Queen's do-

minions, were strictly commanded to observe the tenor of

this proclamation, upon pain of imprisonment, and other

punishment, at her Highness's pleasure. This was dated

from John Cawode's house, the Queen's printer, May 4,