Unshu Mandarins Japan Provisional Final ira

Quarantine pest	Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis Bouché, 1851
ynonyms	Aspidiotus pinnaeformis Bouché, 1851 Mytilaspis pinnaeformis Signoret, 1870 Mytilaspis machili Maskell, 1898 Lepidosaphes machili Fernald, 1903 Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis Green, 1905 Lepidosaphes tuberculata Malenotti, 1916 Lepidosaphes tubercolata Leonardi, 1920 Lepidosaphes tuberculatus Green, 1921 Scrupulaspis machili MacGillivray, 1921 Parlatoria pinnaeformis Bodkin, 1922 Lepidosaphes cymbidicola Kuwana, 1925 Lepidosaphes ezokihadae Kuwana, 1932 Lepidosaphes cinnamomi Takahashi, 1933 Lepidosaphes piniformis Lindinger, 1934 Mytilococcus piniformis Lindinger, 1936 Mytilococcus tuberculata Lupo, 1939 Lepidosaphes pinniformis Schmutterer, 1952 Eucornuaspis machili Borchsenius, 1963 Eucornuaspis pinnaeformis Wise, 1977 Mytilococcus machili Zahradník, 1977
Common name(s)	purple scale, cymbidium scale, Machilus oystershell, mussel scale
Main hosts	The hosts of Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis include Rhapis sp., Tetradymia glauca, Tetradymia sp., Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Cercidiphyllum sp., Cycas revolute, Cycas sp., Daphniphyllum membranaceum, Daphniphyllum sp., Elaeagnus sp., Croton sp., Quercus sp., Illicium religiosum, Illicium sp., Stauntonia keitaoensis, Stauntonia sp., Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum japonicum, Cinnamomum kanchirai, Cinnamomum pedunculata, Cinnamomum sp., Lindera communis, Lindera oldhamii, Lindera sp., Litsea glauca, Litsea sp., Machilus kusanoi, Machilus sp., Machilus thunbergii, Machilus thunbergii glaucescens, Neolitsea sericea, Neolitsea sp., Persea sp., Phoebe sp., Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia sp., Michelia compressa, Michelia orchidis, Michelia sp., Ficus sp., Cattleya sp., Cymbidium oleifolium, Cymbidium pendulum, Cymbidium sp., Cymbidium tracyanum, Cymbidium virescens, Cymbidium yamajii, Dendrobium sp., Banksia sp., Pomaderris apetala, Pomaderris sp., Prunus persica, Prunus sp. Pyrus cydonia, Pyrus sp., Ophiopogon sp., Citrus aurantium, Citrus sp., Phellodendron amurense, Phellodendron sachalinense, Phellodendron sp., Taxus cuspidate and Taxus sp. (Ben-Dov et al. 2008).
Distribution	Lepidosaphes pinnaeformis is distributed in Angola, Argentina, Australia (Tasmania), Brazil, China (Hainan, Shanxi (=Shansi)), Crete, Czechoslovakia, Egypt, France, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii), India (West Bengal), Iran, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku), Latvia, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, United Kingdom (England), United States of America (California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania), Uzbekistan (Tashkent Oblast) and Vietnam (Ben-Dov et al. 2008).
Quarantine pest	Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897)
Synonyms	Leucaspis japonicus Cockerell, 1897 Leucaspis japonica darwiniensis Green, 1916 Leucodiaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897) Leucodiaspis hydrangeae Takahashi, 1934 Leucodiaspis japonica darwiniensis (Green, 1916) Leucaspis hydrangeae (Takahashi, 1934) Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897) Lopholeucaspis japonica darwiniensis (Green 1916) Lopholeucaspis menoni (Borchsenius, 1964) Lopholeucaspis darwiniensis (Green 1916) Leucaspis menoni Takagi, 1969
Common name(s)	Pear white scale
Main hosts	Associated with Citrus unshiu Marcow. (unshu mandarin) in Japan (MAFF 1990). Other hosts include: Acer palmatum (Japanese maple), Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Acer sp. (maple), Alnus japonica (Japanese alder), Camellia sinensis (tea), Camellia sp., Celastrus orbiculatus (Oriental bittersweet vine), Chaenomeles lagenaria (flowering quince), Citrus aurantium (sour orange), Citrus nobilis deliciosa, Citrus sp., Cytisus scoparius (scotch broom), Cytisus sp. (broom), Diospyros kaki (persimmon), Distylium racemosum (Isu tree), Enkianthus sp., Euonymus alata (winged spindle tree), Euphorbia sp., Eurya crenatifolia, Fagus sp. (beech), Ficus bengalensis (banyan tree), Ficus carica (fig tree), Ficus glomerata, Ficus orbicularis, Ficus religiosa (Bo-tree), Ficus sp. (figs), Fraxinus japonica (Japanese ash), Hydrangea integra, Hydrangea sp., Ligustrum sp. (privet), Liquidambar formosana, Magnolia souleana, Malus pumila (apple), Malus sp., Paeonia moutan (Chinese tree-peony), Paeonia sp., Paeonia suffruticosa (tree peony), Pittosperum tobira, Poncirus trifoliata (Japanese bitter orange), Populus sp. (poplar), Prunus mume (Japanese apricot), Prunus sp., Pyracantha sp. (firethorns), Pyrus serotina (wild pear), Pyrus sp. (pears), Rhododendron sp. (rhododendrons), Rosa sp. (roses), Salix aegyptiaca (Mediterranean willow), Salvadora sp., Styrax japonica (Japanese snowbell), Syringa vulgaris (common lilac), Tilia miqueliana (lime), Ulmus sp. (elm), Viburnum macrocephalum keteleeri (Chinese snowball), Vitis sp., Vitis vinifera (grape), Zelkova serrata (Japanese zelkova) (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Distribution	Lopholeucaspis japonica is present in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Georgia, India, Iran, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine and the United States of America (CAB International 2007).
Quarantine pest	Parlatoria theae (Cockerell, 1896)
Synonyms	Parlatoreopsis theae Kawai, 1972 Parlatoria dives McKenzie, 1945 Parlatoria euonymi McKenzie, 1945 Parlatoria pergandei dives Bellio, 1929 Parlatoria pergandei theae Kuwana, 1902 Parlatoria theae Leonardi, 1903 Parlatoria theae euonymi Cockerell, 1897 Parlatoria theae evonymi Leonardi, 1903 Parlatoria theae viridis Cockerell, 1896 Parlatoria theae viridis Leonardi, 1903 Parlatoria viridis Cockerell, 1897 Syngenaspis theae MacGillivray, 1921 Syngenaspis theae euonymi MacGillivray, 1921 Syngenaspis theae viridis MacGillivray, 1921
Common name(s)	Tea parlatoria scale
Main hosts	Parlatoria theae is a polyphagous species. It has been recorded on hosts from 21 families. Host include species of Acer, Arbutus, Aucuba, Bauhinia, Camellia, Celtis, Citrus, Codiaeum, Cornus, Crataegus, Diospyros, Elaeagnus, Enkianthus, Eriobotrya, Euonymus, Euphorbia, Eurya, Hibiscus, Ilex, Magnolia, Malus, Osmanthus, Persea, Photinia, Poncirus, Prunus, Pyracantha, Pyrus, Ribes, Rosa, Staphylea, Syringa, Trochodendron, Viburnum and Vitis (Watson 2008).
Distribution	Parlatoria theae is present in Belgium, Canada (Ontario (In the Ontario Agricultural College greenhouse at Guelph.)), China (Fujian, Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Ningxia, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), France, Georgia, Greece, Hawaiian Islands, Iran, Italy, Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku), Madeira Islands, Netherlands, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom (England) and United States of America (California, District of Columbia, Georgia , Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia) (Ben-Dov et al. 2008).
Quarantine pest	Pseudaonidia duplex (Cockerell, 1896)
Synonyms	Aspidiotus theae Maskell, 1891, nom. nud. Aspidiotus duplex Cockerell, 1896 Aspidiotus theae rhododendri Green, 1900 Pseudaonidia rhododendri Fernald, 1903 Pseudaonidia rhododendri thearum Fernald, 1903
Common name(s)	Camphor scale
Main hosts	Acer palmatum, Acer matsumurae, Alnus hirsuta, Castanea pubinervis, Castanopsis cuspidata, Cinnamomum camphor, Citrus junos, Citrus natsudaidai, Eurya japonica, Eurya ochracea, Ficus carica, Ficus kingiana, Illicium religiosum, Ligustrum, Michelia fuscata, Myrica rubra, Nephelium litchi, Olea fragrans, Osmanthus fragrans, Photinia glabra, Pyracantha angustifolia, Quercus phillyraeoides, Rhododendron arboretum, Rhus succedanea, Ternstroemia japonica, Thea japonica, Thea sasanqua, Thea sinensis. (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Distribution	India (Assam); Indonesia (Java); Sri Lanka; Taiwan; China (Honan); Georgia (Abkhaz ASSR, Adzhar ASSR); Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku); South Korea; Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii); United States of America (Alabama, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Virginia) (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Quarantine pest	Unaspis euonymi (Comstock, 1881)
Synonyms	Chionaspis euonymi Comstock, 1881 Chionaspis evonymi Targioni Tozzetti, 1884 Chionaspis nemausensis Signoret, 1886 Unaspis euconymi Tao, 1999 Unaspis euonymi Ferris, 1937 Unaspis evonymi Bodenheimer, 1953 Unaspis hakayamai Borchsenius, 1966 Unaspis hakayamai Takahashi & Kanda, 1939
Common name(s)	euonymus scale, spindle berry scale
Main hosts	Hosts include species of Aspidistra, Buxus, Celastrus, Citrus, Daphne, Euonymus, Fraxinus, Hedera, Hibiscus, Ilex, Jasminum, Ligustrum, Lonicera, Olea, Pachistima, Pachysandra, Prunus, Syringa and Viscum (Ben-Dov et al. 2008).
Distribution	Unaspis euonymi is present in Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Canada (British Columbia), Canary Islands, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Nei Monggol, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Hong Kong, Xizang), Egypt, France, Georgia (Abkhaz ASSR, Adzhar ASSR), Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku), Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia (Krasnodar Kray), Sardinia, Sicily, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine (Krym (=Crimea) Oblast), United Kingdom (England), United States of America (Alabama, Arizona Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Uzbekistan and Yugoslavia (Macedonia) (Ben-Dov et al. 2008).
Quarantine pest	Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana, 1902)
Synonyms	Dactylopius kraunhiae Kuwana, 1902 Pseudococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana 1902) Planococcus siakwanensis Borchsenius, 1962
Common name(s)	Japanese mealybug
Main hosts	Associated with the fruit, leaves and twigs of Citrus unshiu Marcow. (unshu mandarin) in Japan (MAFF 1990). Other hosts include: Agave americana (Century plant), Artocarpus lanceolata, Casuarina stricta (she oak), Citrus nobilis (tangor), Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), Codiaeum variegatum pictum (variegated laurel), Coffea arabica (coffee), Crinum asiaticum (poison bulb), Cydonia sinensis (quince), Digitaria sanguinalis (crab-grass), Diospyros kaki (Japanese kaki), Ficus carica (fig), Gardenia jasminoides (common gardenia), Ilex sp. (holly), Magnolia grandiflora (magnolia), Musa basjoo (Japanese banana), Nandina domestica (heavenly bamboo), Nerium indicum (oleander), Olea chrysophylla (olive), Platanus orientalis (sycamore), Portulaca oleracea (portulaca), Trachycarpus excelsus fortunei (wind-mill palm), Wisteria floribunda (wisteria) (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Distribution	Planococcus kraunhiae is present in China, Korea, Philippines, Taiwan and the United States of America (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Quarantine pest	Planococcus lilacinus (Cockerell, 1905)
Synonyms	Pseudococcus tayabanus Cockerell, 1905 Dactylopius coffeae Newstead, 1908 Pseudococcus coffeae (Newstead, 1908) Dactylopius crotonis Green, 1911 Pseudococcus crotonis (Green, 1911) Pseudococcus deceptor Betrem, 1937 Tylococcus mauritiensis Mamet, 1939 Planococcus crotonis (Green, 1911) Planococcus tayabanus (Cockerell, 1905) Planococcus indicus Arasthi and Shafee, 1987
Common name(s)	Coffee mealybug
Main hosts	The host range of P. lilacinus is extremely wide. It attacks over 65 genera of plants in 35 families, including Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Leguminosae and Rutaceae (Ben-Dov et al. 2005). Planococcus lilacinus attacks Theobroma cacao (cocoa), Psidium guajava (guava), Coffea spp. (coffee), Mangifera indica (mango) (Ben-Dov et al. 2005), and other tropical and sub-tropical fruits and shade trees (IIE 1995).
Distribution	P. lilacinus occurs mainly in the Palaearctic, Malaysian, Oriental, Australasian and Neotropical regions, and is the dominant cocoa mealybug in Sri Lanka and Java (Entwistle 1972). Williams (1982) reported that the species was probably introduced into the South Pacific from Southern Asia. In Asia, P. lilacinus is recorded from Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Viet Nam and Yemen (CAB International 2007).
Quarantine pest	Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana, 1902)
Synonyms	Dactylopius comstocki Kuwana, 1902
Common name(s)	Comstock mealybug, Japanese mealybug.
Main hosts	Associated with the fruit and branches of Citrus unshiu Marcow. (unshu mandarin) in Japan (MAFF 1990). Other hosts include: Aesculus spp. (horse chestnut), Aglaia odorata (Chinese perfume tree), Alnus japonica (Japanese alder), Amaryllis vittata, Artemisia, Buxus microphylla (littleleaf boxwood), Camellia japonica (Camellia), Castanea (chestnut), Catalpa (northern catalpa), Celtis willdenowiana (enoki), Cinnamomum camphorae (camphor tree), Citrus (citrus), Crassula tetragona (miniature pine tree), Cydonia oblonga (quince), Cydonia sinensis (Chinese quince), Deutzia parviflora typical (gaura), Dieffenbachia picta (dumb cane), Erythrina indica (rainbow eucalyptus), Euonymus alatus (winged euonymus), Fatsia japonica (Japanese aralia), Ficus carica (fig), Fiwa japonica, Forsythia koreana (forsythia), Gardenia jasminoides (gardenia), Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo), Hydrangea (hydrangea), Ilex cornuta (Chinese holly), Ilex crenata microphylla (korean gem), Krauhnia, Lagerstroemia indica (crape myrtle), Ligustrum ibota angustifolium, Lonicera (honeysuckles), Loranthus (mistletoe), Malus pumila (paradise apple), Malus sylvestris (crab apple), Masakia japonica (Japanese euonymus), Monstera deliciosa (monstera), Morus alba (white mulberry), Musa (bananas), Nephelium lappaceum (rambutan), Opuntia dillenii (prickly pear), Orixa japonica (Japanese orixa), Pandanus (screwpines), Persica vulgaris (peach), Pinus thunbergiana (Japanese black pine), Populus (poplar), Prunus mume (Japanese apricot), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Pyrus communis (European pear), Pyrus serotina culta (black cherry), Rhamnus (buckthorn), Rhododendron mucronulatum (Korean rhododendron), Sasamorpha (bamboo), Taxus (yew), Torreya nucifera (Japanese torreya), Trema orientalis (nalita), Viburnum awabucki (acacia confuse), Zinnia elegans (zinnia) (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Distribution	Pseudococcus comstocki is present in Afghanistan, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, Canary Islands, China, Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kampuchea, Kazakhstan, Madeira Islands, Malaysia, Mexico, Northern Mariana Islands, Russia, Saint Helena, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, United States of America, Uzbekistan and Vietnam (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).
Quarantine pest	Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel, 1918
Synonyms	Pseudococcus citriculus Green, 1922 Planococcus cryptus (Hempel, 1918) Pseudococcus spathoglottidis Lit, 1992 Pseudococcus mandarinus Das and Ghose, 1996
Common name(s)	Citriculus mealybug
Main hosts	Ananas sativa, Annona muricata, Areca catechu, Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit), Artocarpus odoratissimus, Avicennia officinalis, Bauhinia purpurea, Calophyllum inophyllum, Citrus aurantifolia (lime), C. aurantium, C. grandis, C. limon (lemon), C. paradisi (grapefruit), C. reticulata (mandarin), C. sinensis (orange), Cocos nucifera (coconut), Coelogyne dayana, Coffea arabica (Arabian coffee), Coffea liberica, Crinum asiaticum, Cyrtostachys renda, Dillenia indica, Elaeis guineensis, Eugenia malaccensis, Garcinia kydia, Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen), Glycine max, Hevea brasiliensis (rubbertree), Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lansium domesticum, Litchi chinensis (lychee), Mangifera indica (mango), Melastoma melobothricum, Melastoma normale, Millettia niuewenhuisii, Moringa oleifera, Musa sapientum, Myristica fragrans, Nephelium lappaceum, Ocotea pedalifolia, Osbornia ocdonta, Pandanus upoluensis, Passiflora foetida, Persea americana (avocado), Phalaenopsis amatilis, Phoenix dactylifera, Piper methysticum, Psidium guajava (guava), Punica granatum, Raphioperdalum bellatulum, Rhizophora apiculata, Ryparosa fasciculata, Spathoglottis plicata, Strychnos vanpurkii, Tamarindus indica, Vanda teres, Vitis vinifera (grapevine) (Ben-Dov et al. 2005).