Water in Celtic Countries: Quantity
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Preface by J. P. Lobo Ferreira
- Climate Variability
- Water Quality
Since 1996, when the First InterCeltic Colloquium on Hydrology and Water Resources Development was held in Brittany (France), hydrologists and other professionals concerned with water have come together in a series of meetings designed to highlight the commonality of the Celtic fringe of western Europe. Apart from language, these include: similar climatic, geological and hydrological characteristics, which are manifested by a mild climate, dense and fast flowing river networks, scarce groundwater resources and a vulnerable coastal zone. These are features found from the Highlands of Scotland in the north, to the northwestern parts of Spain and Portugal in the south. However the different regimes have been subject to pollution from mining and from agriculture, including fish farming, and to the demands made on water services arising from the large influx of tourists. Now the likely impacts of climate change are causing more concern. This volume contains the papers presented at the Fourth InterCeltic Colloquium, held in Portugal in July 2006, some 34 in all. They are divided between six themes:
The papers reflect the complex nature of the Celtic environment and point the way for the future development and management of the precious resource, water. Contents
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________Water in Celtic Countries: Quantity, Quality and Climate Variability (Proceedings of the Fourth InterCeltic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, Guimarães, Portugal, July 2005). IAHS Publ. 310, 2007, 3-22. Exchange between systems: from river catchments to coastal marine waters J. C. Lefeuvre1 & E. Feunteun2 1 Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France jean-claude.lefeuvre@univ-rennes1.fr 2 University of la Rochelle, Rochelle, France Abstract The European Water Framework, promulgated in 2000, proposed a global approach with a precise schedule and a clear objective: the long term protection of aquatic environments and resources and, especially for the rivers, their ecological integrity from the source to the mouth. For a long time, the “ecosystem approach” appeared a good way in terms of research to show, at a landscape level, the reality of a link between the functioning of such different systems as watersheds, rivers, streams, estuaries and marine coastal water systems. Much research on exchange, transfers of energy and materials between these systems have proved that, finally, the water quality in rivers and in the sea as well as and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems (freshwater and marine ecosystems) depend on the evolution of land cover and land use of the watersheds. The development of intensive agriculture that takes no account of the environmental issues, regularly destroys the integrity of biogeochemical and water transfers between land and ocean. It is one of the main causes of the disturbance of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In Celtic Countries, at a local scale, the Mont-Saint-Michel bay and its watershed appears as an appropriate model to analyse the multiple consequences of land use changes in the watershed, due to agriculture, on the deterioration of aquatic ecosystem and water quality. Brittany in its entirety seems to be one of the best models to study the same processes at a regional scale. Key words coastal marine water; ecosystems; exchange; freshwater; functions; holistic model; industrial agriculture practice; landscape; river; transfer; watershed _____________________________________________________________________________________________________Water in Celtic Countries: Quantity, Quality and Climate Variability (Proceedings of the Fourth InterCeltic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, Guimarães, Portugal, July 2005). IAHS Publ. 310, 2007, 23-36. Hydroinformatics support to flood forecasting and flood management ADRI VERWEY WL | Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands adri.verwey@wldelft.nl Abstract This keynote paper describes state-of-the-art hydroinformatics support to the water sector. A few examples are worked out in some detail, whereas for other examples the reader is guided to recent literature. The focus is on flood forecasting and flood management, with a brief description of the potential of changing technologies that support studies and facilities in this area. Examples are: new data collection methods; data mining from these extensive new sources of information, e.g. the use of genetic programming; data driven modelling techniques, e.g. artificial neural networks; decision support systems; and the provision of a hydroinformatics platform for flood forecasting. Particular attention is given to advances in numerical flood modelling. Over recent years the robustness of numerical models has increased substantially, solving for example, the flooding and drying problem of flood plains and the computation of supercritical flows. In addition, the emergence of hybrid 1D2D models is discussed with their different options for linking model components of flood prone areas. Key words data mining; flood forecasting; flood management; flow resistance; flood simulation modelling; hydroinformatics; Open MI; open source; proprietary software; unsteady flow modelling _____________________________________________________________________________________________________Water in Celtic Countries: Quantity, Quality and Climate Variability (Proceedings of the Fourth InterCeltic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, Guimarães, Portugal, July 2005). IAHS Publ. 310, 2007, 37-48. Impacts of climate change on water resources: a case-study for Portugal LUIS VEIGA DA CUNHA1, RODRIGO PROENÇA DE OLIVEIRA2,1, JOÃO NASCIMENTO3 & LUIS RIBEIRO3 1 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal lvdacunha@mail.telepac.pt 2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal and Chiron, Information Systems, Lisbon, Portugal 3 Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract The paper briefly analyses the impacts of climate change on water resources and identifies, in general terms, the specific impacts related to different hydrological variables and different characteristics of the water systems. A case study of the impacts of climate change on Portuguese water resources developed within the SIAM project, is introduced. The climate scenarios considered, corresponding to selected climate models, show a small increase of annual precipitation for the northern region of Portugal and a decrease for the central and southern regions. The models also predict an increase of seasonal asymmetry with relevant decreases in summer precipitation. The annual average temperature appears to increase, particularly in southern Portugal. These climatic scenarios lead to a probable trend towards a concentration of river runoff in winter and an increase in the current seasonal asymmetry of water availability in Portugal. It also appears that the concentration of rainfall in winter and the estimated general increase in the frequency of heavy precipitation events is likely to augment the magnitude and frequency of flooding, particularly in the northern part of the country. The predicted decrease of river flow in southern Portugal, during the next century, associated with an increase in the spatial and temporal asymmetry of water resources distribution, may have very serious consequences and be a cause of major concern. It may, in fact, have strong implications for the water resources management strategies and policies to be designed for Portugal. Finally, how the consideration of climate change on water resources should influence the future planning and management of water resources, both in general terms and in the specific case of Portugal, is analysed. In particular, the joint study of climate change impacts on the water resources shared by Spain and Portugal is proposed as a major focus for scientific and technological co-operation of the two countries of the Iberian Peninsula. Key words adaptation measures; climate change; impacts; water resources _____________________________________________________________________________________________________Water in Celtic Countries: Quantity, Quality and Climate Variability (Proceedings of the Fourth InterCeltic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, Guimarães, Portugal, July 2005). IAHS Publ. 310, 2007, 49-56. Regional hydrological impacts of climate and socio-economic change in North West England, UK IAN PAUL HOLMAN Institute of Water and Environment, Cranfield University, Silsoe, Bedford MK45 4DT, UK i.holman@cranfield.ac.uk Abstract An integrated approach to assessing the regional hydrological impacts of climate and socio-economic change is described for North West England, UK for the 2050s. A series of models were linked to investingate the effects of future climate and socio-economic change on the sectors driving landscape change. Many factors will affect future catchment behaviour including changed precipitation and temperature regimes, flooding, urbanization, woodland establishment, and changes in cropping and rotations. The results show that to focus on the direct impacts of climate change is to neglect the potentially important role of policy, societal values and economic processes in shaping the landscape of our catchments, and thus hydrological processes. Key words climate change; numerical modelling; socio-economic aspects; water management; water resources _____________________________________________________________________________________________________Water in Celtic Countries: Quantity, Quality and Climate Variability (Proceedings of the Fourth InterCeltic Colloquium on Hydrology and Management of Water Resources, Guimarães, Portugal, July 2005). IAHS Publ. 310, 2007, 57-68. Water Safety Plans: methodologies for risk assessment and risk management in drinking water systems JOSÉ M. P. VIEIRA Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal jvieira@civil.uminho.pt Abstract Worldwide, providing good and safe drinking water is considered to be a fundamental political issue for public health protection, and must be the primary objective of water supply systems. Drinking water quality control has currently been based on detection of pathogens and toxic concentrations of chemicals by means of monitoring programmes and compliance with national or international guidelines and standards, relying mainly on indicator bacteria and chemicals maximum concentration levels. However, this methodology is often slow, complex and costly. Even for sophisticated and well-operated systems these monitoring schemes have proved to be inefficient in preventing waterborne diseases, such as Giardia or Cryptosporidium outbreaks. From this evidence we can conclude that end-product testing is a reactive rather than preventive way to demonstrate confidence in good and safe drinking water. This justifies the need for the formulation of a new approach in drinking water quality control based on an understanding of system vulnerability to contamination and on preventive means and actions necessary to guarantee the safety of the water supplied to the consumer. The water safety plan is a concept for risk assessment and risk management throughout the water cycle from the catchments to the point of consumption. This approach includes the identification of the hazards and introduction of control points that serve to minimize these potential hazards, providing for more effective control of drinking water quality. This paper presents an overview of the first two years experience in developing and implementing a water safety plan in a Portuguese multi-municipal water company. Since key personnel have contributed to the assessment of hazards and evaluation of corrective actions for control points, a greater understanding of water quality control and improvements to the technical operation and performance have been registered, demonstrating good value for the methodology. Yüklə 179,53 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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ater in Celtic Countries: 
