100 general provisions

Mechanically apply glass beads to the wet thermoplastic surface so that the beads are embedded and retained and provide uniform retroreflectivity in the surface. Do not place beads by hand, except to symbols and words, and to complete the ends of lines. Apply beads at a minimum rate of 12 pounds per 100 square feet (6 kg per 10 m²) of thermoplastic surface area. The Contractor may leave small gaps unfilled in symbols and letters resulting from template use.

If required, furnish primer, and apply it according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Use primer except on new asphalt pavement.

Do not apply thermoplastic by spraying.

For each route section on the DLS report, the Engineer will compute the amount of thermoplastic marking material and glass beads applied. The Department will reduce the contract price in direct proportion to the percent of deficiency of thermoplastic marking material or glass beads as specified in 644.04, up to 20 percent for each material deficiency. The Department will only use the greater deficiency of marking material or glass beads to compute the deduction.

If the deficiency of thermoplastic marking material or glass beads is 20 percent or more, the Department will consider the work unsatisfactory. In addition, the Engineer will consider as unsatisfactory materials applied outside the temperature or application requirements in 644.04 without written approval of the Engineer. Replace thermoplastic markings and glass beads in all sections determined to be unsatisfactory by entirely removing the unsatisfactory thermoplastic material by grinding as per 641.10 and then reapplying at the full thickness specified in 644.04. Do not apply a layer of sprayed thermoplastic to sections determined to be unsatisfactory to achieve the required thickness.

Furnish the Engineer daily, biweekly and final DLS reports conforming to 644.03, and additional reports indicating material type and quantities in pounds (kilograms) of thermoplastic materials used, as per 641.04.

644.05 Layout and Premarking. In addition to the requirements specified in 641.06, only place auxiliary markings on new pavement. The Contractor may place initial thermoplastic markings over work zone traffic paint markings.

644.06 Basis of Payment. The Department will not pay for any thermoplastic lines that do not meet the required thickness. The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices, or prices adjusted according to 644.04, measured according to 641.12, with the provisions specified in 641.13, and as follows:

Item Unit Description

644 Mile (Kilometer) Edge Line

644 Mile (Kilometer) Lane Line

644 Mile (Kilometer) Center Line

644 Foot (Meter) Channelizing Line

644 Foot (Meter) Stop Line

644 Foot (Meter) Crosswalk Line

644 Foot (Meter) Transverse/Diagonal Line

644 Each Handicap Symbol Marking

644 Each Railroad Symbol Marking, __ inch (__ mm)

644 Each School Symbol Marking, __ inch (__ mm)

644 Foot (Meter) Parking Lot Stall Marking

644 Each Lane Arrow

644 Each Word on Pavement, ___ inch (___ mm)

644 Foot (Meter) Dotted Line, ___ inch (___ mm)

644 Foot or Square Foot Removal of Pavement Marking

(Meter or Square
Meter), or Each

644 Lump Sum Two-Way Radio Equipment

ITEM 645 PREFORMED PAVEMENT MARKING

645.01 Description

645.02 Materials

645.03 Application

645.04 Layout and Premarking

645.05 Basis of Payment
645.01 Description. This work consists of furnishing and applying preformed pavement marking material according to Item 641, 740.01, 740.05, 740.06, and the additional requirements specified below.

645.02 Materials. Furnish materials from the Department’s Approved List conforming to the following:

Type A (permanent markings),

Type A1, A2, or A3 740.05

Type B (work zone markings),

Type II (non-removable) 740.06

Type C (work zone markings),

Type I (removable) 740.06
Do not apply materials that has exceeded the manufacturer’s shelf life.
645.03 Application. Only apply on clean dry pavement surfaces. If there is oil, salt or dust; power wash the pavement and allow the pavement to dry.

Furnish the Engineer with the manufacturer’s application instructions. Record the surface temperature and date of application. Furnish documentation to the Engineer. Apply preformed markings to the pavement by means of a precoated adhesive on the back, or by an adhesive or activator furnished with the markings and used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Form lines 12 inches (300 mm) wide or less by one piece; form lines wider than 12 inches (300 mm) by no more than two pieces. Do not overlap individual pieces. Do not allow a gap greater than 1/4 inch (6 mm) between pieces.

Do not use preformed markings that are subject to premature adhesion or contamination before placement.

Apply preformed markings according to the appropriate type of application as follows:

A. Type A Marking Application. Apply the preformed markings while the pavement surface temperature is at the manufacturer’s application recommendations. Before any application, test and record the pavement surface temperature, air temperature and dew point. Retest and record every 4 hours of operation. Demonstrate to the Engineer the testing devices are accurate and operational.. Initially position the marking under light pressure, or use a hand operated light roller or mechanical applicator. Once correctly located, hold the marking in position without delay by rolling.

If Type A preformed markings are specified to be inlaid on newly placed asphalt concrete, press the markings into the warm surface using a mechanical roller. Proper application of inlaid markings requires that the asphalt concrete pavement surface have a temperature below the maximum temperature recommended for the preformed material or its adhesive backing.

B. Type B and Type C Marking Application. Apply the preformed markings according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

645.04 Layout and Premarking. In addition to the requirements specified in 641.06, place preformed auxiliary markings only on new pavement.

645.05 Basis of Payment. The Department will not pay for under thickness lines or non-specification materials. The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract prices, or prices adjusted according to 641.11, measured according to 641.12, with the provisions specified in 641.13, and as follows:

Item Unit Description

645 Mile (Kilometer) Edge Line, Type ___

645 Mile (Kilometer) Lane Line, Type ___

645 Mile (Kilometer) Center Line, Type ___

645 Foot (Meter) Channelizing Line, Type ___

645 Foot (Meter) Stop Line, Type ___

645 Foot (Meter) Crosswalk Line, Type ___

645 Foot (Meter) Transverse/Diagonal Line, Type ____

645 Each Handicap Symbol Marking, Type ___

645 Each Railroad Symbol Marking, Type ___

645 Each School Symbol Marking, ___ inch (___ mm),

Type ___

645 Foot (Meter) Parking Lot Stall Marking, Type ___

645 Each Lane Arrow, Type ___

645 Each Word on Pavement, ___ inch

(___ mm), Type ___

645 Foot (Meter) Dotted Line, ___ inch (___ mm), Type ___

645 Foot, Square Foot Removal of Pavement Marking

(Meter, Square
Meter), or Each

645 Lump Sum Two-Way Radio Equipment

item 646 EPOXY PAVEMENT MARKING

646.01 Description

646.02 Materials

646.03 Equipment

646.04 Cleaning and Surface Preparation

646.05 Application

646.07 Basis of Payment
646.01 Description. This work consists of furnishing and applying epoxy pavement markings according to Item 641, 740.01, 740.07, 740.09, and the additional requirements specified below.

Store and handle epoxy material according to all the applicable EPA and local environmental regulations and the manufacturer’s recommendations.

646.02 Materials. Furnish materials from the Department’s Approved List conforming to:

Epoxy pavement markings 740.07

Glass beads, Type D 740.09
The Engineer may obtain random samples from the application equipment.

Furnish the manufacturer’s identification information for the sampled liquid materials. The Department will test the quality assurance sample for conformance to the manufacturer’s production ranges. Samples not meeting the manufacturer’s production ranges will require the Contractor to re-apply, at his expense, any markings using that sample. All other untested batches will become not approved materials and will either require testing or re-application.

Do not apply material that has exceeded the manufacturer’s shelf life. Do not use glass beads that are wet.
646.03 Equipment.

A. General. Equip all striping equipment for center line, lane line and edge line markings with a computerized Data Logging System (DLS) conforming to 641.04 when the length of marking exceeds 0.5 miles (0.8 km) of continuous line equivalent.

Furnish written documentation to the Engineer for the equipment’s operational capabilities from the equipment manufacturer.

Use equipment to apply epoxy pavement markings that has the following capabilities and features:

1. Capable of mixing the epoxy components in proportions recommended by the manufacturer and applying glass beads simultaneously with line placement.

2. Capable of applying epoxy at the specified thickness, width, and pattern.

3. Individual material reservoirs, or space, for the storage of Part A and Part B of the epoxy.

4. Heating equipment of sufficient capacity to maintain the epoxy components at the manufacturer’s recommended temperature, and to produce the required amount of heat at the mixing head and gun tip and maintain those temperatures with the tolerances recommended by the epoxy manufacturer for the spray application.

5. Adequate individual tanks for the storage and dispensing of Size I and Size II glass beads.

6. Individual dispensers for the simultaneous application of Size I and Size II glass beads at specified rates.

7. Individual metering devices on the proportioning pumps (one indicator per pump) and stroke counters to monitor gallon (liter) usage. Ensure that these devices are clearly visible.

8. All the necessary spray equipment mixers, compressors, and other appurtenances to allow for the placement of reflectorized pavement marking systems in a simultaneous sequence of operations.

9. A minimum 24-inch (600 mm) long static mixer unit or an equivalent system that produces properly mixed material.

10. A completely enclosed flush and purge system to clean the lines and the guns without expelling any of the solution into the environment.

B. Long Line Equipment. Furnish a striper to apply long line epoxy markings that is:

1. Truck-mounted and self-contained.

2. Designed to spray the epoxy and glass beads in continuous and skip line.

3. Maneuverable to the extent that straight lines can be followed and normal curves can be made in a true arc.

C. Auxiliary Marking Equipment. Furnish application equipment for auxiliary markings by either of the following two methods:

1. Equip the striper with accessories for applying auxiliary markings.

2. Use a portable applicator approved by the Engineer.

D. Documentation Requirements Furnish the Engineer documentation from the manufacturer that the equipment meets all requirements of 646.03. Demonstrate the equipment has the capability to obtain the manufacturer’s required temperature for the mixed components and the required temperature at the lines and gun.

646.04 Cleaning and Surface Preparation.

A. General. Before applying epoxy, clean and prepare the pavement surface in the following sequence:

1. Remove all debris, oil, and any other contaminants that may hinder the adhesion of the epoxy to the pavement.

2. Use a power-broom to clean the pavement.

3. Remove residue and debris with blasts of compressed air.

4. Follow any additional manufacturer’s recommendations for surface preparation.

Perform operations in such a manner that the finished pavement surface is not damaged or unnecessarily scarred or left in a pattern that will mislead or misdirect the motorist and that minimizes airborne dust. Avoid damage to transverse and longitudinal joint sealers.

B. Asphalt Concrete Pavements. In addition to the requirements of 646.04.A, the following apply.

Wait 48 hours after the placement of polymer modified asphalt-concrete pavement before preparing it for epoxy pavement markings.

For any other type of modified asphalt or for open graded friction course asphalts, contact the manufacturer for surface preparation recommendations. Furnish the Engineer copies of the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Lightly abrade any new asphalt concrete pavement containing SBS, SBR latex or SMA latex polymer modifiers without scarring the area between the broken lines to the manufacturer’s recommendations to remove polymer surface film to assure proper bonding. In no case shall the removal of the polymer surface film be less than that required for the epoxy to properly bond and adhere.

C. Portland Cement Concrete Pavements. On new portland cement concrete pavements, do not begin cleaning operations until a minimum of 30 days after the placement of concrete, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. In addition to the requirements of 646.04.A, the following apply.

Remove all curing compound and laitance on the concrete surface and in any textured pavement valleys.

Round the profiles of the peaks of textured pavement and remove sharp edges and irregularities.

Acceptable removal methods are:

1. Sand blasting with containment.

2. Lightly abrading the surface without scarring the surrounding surface. This must be demonstrated before the application and approved by the Engineer.

3. Blast track cleaning.

4. High-pressure water blasting (greater than 5000 psi [34 450 kPa]) with or without abrasives and with sufficient time to allow the pavement to dry before applying epoxy markings.

5. Other methods approved by the Engineer.

Contain and dispose of all the removal debris.

D. Removal of Existing Markings. When placing epoxy markings in the same place as existing pavement markings, remove at least 95 percent of the existing pavement markings. Use a removal method that results in little or no color and texture changes in the surrounding pavement.

E. Preparation Area.

1. Lines. Prepare an area that is the width of the new pavement marking, or existing line, plus 1-inch (25 mm) on each side and the length of broken lines plus 12 inches (300 mm) on each end.

2. Arrows, Letters, and Symbols. When cleaning for letters and symbols, prepare an area that is sufficiently large to accommodate the new marking, or to remove the existing marking.

646.05 Application. Apply epoxy only when the surface is clean and dry and when the pavement and air temperature are above 50 ºF (10 ºC). Transfer the entire contents of each material container to the striper tanks. Keep the epoxy thoroughly mixed at all times during application. Before any application, test and record the pavement surface temperature, air temperature. Retest and record every 4 hours of operation. Demonstrate to the Engineer the testing devices including DLS are accurate and operational.

Apply epoxy uniformly to the surface to be marked at a rate specified below. To achieve the rate, ensure that the thickness of the applied epoxy is 20 mils (0.51 mm).

20 Mil Thickness	Line Width (inch)
	4	6	8	12	24
	Gallon per Mile of Line
Solid Line	22	33	44	66	132
Broken Line	5.5	8.25	11	16.5	33
Dotted Line	5.5	8.25	11	16.5	33
Areas, Symbols, Words	1.25 gallon per 100 square feet

0.51 mm Thickness	Line Width (mm)
	100	150	200	300	600
	Liter per Kilometer of Line
Solid Line	50	75	100	150	300
Broken Line	12.5	19	25	38	75
Dotted Line	12.5	19	25	38	75
Areas, Symbols, Words	0.51 L/m²

Do not dilute the epoxy.

Apply enough glass beads to the uncured epoxy so that the beads completely fill the epoxy film from the film-pavement interface to the top surface of the film to the extent that there are loose beads on the surface of the uncured line. Apply glass beads at a minimum rate of 31 pounds per 100 square feet (15 kg per 10 m²) of epoxy to achieve uniform retroreflectivity. Drop glass beads onto the epoxy in a double-drop system with the large gradation (Size I) first and the regular gradation (Size II) second in the same pass of the equipment. Apply the beads in equal amounts by weight.

Cease operations when any of the following conditions are observed:

A. The marking does not consistently dry to a no-track condition.

B. The marking has cyclical soft spots.

Resume marking operations when the Inspector is satisfied the problem is corrected.

Replace unsatisfactory markings as per 641.11.

Furnish the Engineer daily, biweekly and final DLS reports as per 641.04.

646.07 Basis of Payment. The cost of cleaning and surface preparation according to 646.04 is included in the unit bid cost for the various pavement markings.

The Department will make payment for accepted quantities at the contract prices, or prices adjusted according to 641.11, measured according to 641.12, with the provisions specified in 641.13, and as follows:

Item Unit Description

646 Mile (Kilometer) Edge Line

646 Mile (Kilometer) Lane Line

646 Mile (Kilometer) Center Line

646 Foot (Meter) Channelizing Line

646 Foot (Meter) Stop Line

646 Foot (Meter) Crosswalk Line

646 Foot (Meter) Transverse/Diagonal Line

646 Foot (Meter) Curb Marking

646 Square Foot Island Marking

(Square Meter)

646 Each Handicap Symbol Marking

646 Each Railroad Symbol Marking

646 Each School Symbol Marking, ___ inch (___ mm)

646 Foot (Meter) Parking Lot Stall Marking

646 Each Lane Arrow

646 Each Word on Pavement, ___ inch (___ mm)

646 Foot Dotted Line

646 Each, Foot, (Meter) Removal of Pavement Marking
Square Foot
(Square Meter)

646 Lump Sum Two-Way Radio Equipment

Item 647 HEAT-FUSED PREFORMED THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKING

647.01 Description

647.02 Materials

647.03 Equipment

647.04 Application

647.05 Basis of Payment
647.01 Description. This work consists of furnishing and applying heat-fused preformed thermoplastic for use as auxiliary pavement markings according to Item 641, 740.01, 740.08 and the additional requirements specified below.

647.02 Materials. Furnish materials from the Department’s Approved List conforming to:

Heat fused preformed thermoplastic

pavement marking material 740.08
647.03 Equipment. Use manufacturer recommended equipment to apply the heat-fused preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material according to the appropriate type, as follows:

A. Type A90 or Type A125 Material.

1. Propane torch to heat the pavement and material according to 647.04.B..

2. Infrared thermometer to assure that both the pavement and the material are properly heated and do not exceed the manufacturer’s specified application temperature.

B. Type B90 or Type B125 Material.

1. Propane torch for ensuring no moisture is present on the pavement and heating the material according to 647.04.C.

2. A thermometer is not required.

647.04 Application.

A. General. Apply the heat-fused preformed thermoplastic pavement marking material to clean, dry pavement surfaces according to the appropriate type unless otherwise directed by the manufacturer's recommendation. Apply primer sealer on portland cement concrete pavements for proper adhesion only if the manufacturer requires its use.

Form lines 12 inches (300 mm) wide or less by one piece; form lines wider than 12 inches (300 mm) by no more than two pieces. Do not overlap individual pieces. Do not allow a gap greater than 1/4-inch (6 mm) between pieces.

B. Type A90 and Type A125 Material Application on Asphalt Concrete and Portland Cement Concrete Pavements. Uniformly pre-heat the pavement to 300 F (149 C) with a propane torch. Place the material on the warm surface as soon as practical, then uniformly post-heat to 400 F (204 C). Begin the post-heating process of material application as quickly as possible. The Contractor may have to extend post-heating on concrete having a high moisture content. Allow the material to cool naturally and solidify before exposing it to traffic.

Type A90 and A125 materials shall contain intermix beads throughout. Drop-on glass beads are not required unless using a non-surface beaded marking (i.e., for turn or combination arrows).