A historical Perspective During the Reign of

Kokurei~Ensei

Koguryo Campaign
During the year 613 3rd month the Yogenkan (Yogenkan Campaign) was ongoing and many civilian and military groups were at the rear of this campaign rose up to provide assistance during this campaign. These groups around the beginning of the 7th century the Korean government were holding talks with the Sui Dynasty to help provide support for the preservation of shrines and temples which were at the mercy of troops, roaming civilians and gangs.
Also robber gangs also provided arms and armament to the Korean King in order to battle the Chinese.
These gangs of robbers though were repulsed from pillaging these temples and shrines using armed might from both sides. The idea of the soldier priest was even more important during this time when the priests were gearing to protect their temples and shrines from the gang robbers. The government understood that what the Shorin Ji priests were doing was an act of self-defense. This was both from the Koreans and the Chinese. From this then this led to the power base for the monks in developing a formidable army.
These priests drilled and trained, as did any military unit within the Chinese government. They trained heavily in Kobu Jutsu. After the Chinese Emperor Ko had withdrawn troops from the areas around their borders with Korea the Yogenkan had lead to another armed insurrection 2 months after the withdrawal troops by Emperor Ko.

There were even incursions by the Ancient people of Japan known as the Wa. The robber groups were also building up in strength for their forays in and out of areas not as well protected. The aim of these robber revolutionary groups evidently was to make certain changes within the Zui or Sui Dynasty.

In the year 611 the (10) rebels groups tried to integrate into a unified whole. But each group vied for supremacy in that they each thought they were the best. Then came on the scene a Chinese Army Staff Officer who was qualified both in the Pen and sword (Bunbu) who would try to integrate these groups into a whole.
Therefore in the year 618 the Zui Dynasty was wearing down and the Tang Dynasty was starting to emerge and take over. There were retainers from the Zui dynasty who went to serve the Tang Emperor. There were attempts to keep the Zui Dynasty in place but the l't Tang founder Rien (?) and the 2nd Risei had subjugated them to prevent them from doing just that. There were occasions in where the Shorin Ji monks rose up in support of Risei.
Rien the Tang founder who sent took the rivalry of the local barons or warlords 30,000 troops into the city of Choan in China and captured a Zui Dynasty General during the 3rd month of that year who was a rebel leader named Shiyabun Kakyu and was executed. During the month, 2nd day of that year descendants of the Zui Dynasties Emperor's Cho and Kyo escaped capture and abdicated their royal rights and went into hiding into an area where the Ocho Dynasty was founded.
As spoken of before in Chapter II during this era's middle period the officer who served in the big rebel campaigns talked about above was a brave officer and poet who was known as Shishohitsu-gun wa Rakuyu.
In the Northern provinces there was a general named "0" Seiyo. He commanded the largest Tang army, and its associated formidable peasant army consisting of tens of thousands of troops and conscripts who was also a leader of rebellions referred to as Tokentoku This Tang group fought many heavy engagements with rebel forces and were victorious.
The other rebel leader Rakuyo was also captured. During the Tang era there were nine eras’ in which Martial Arts flourished. The Tang era revived many of these arts and helped their founders survive.
As the base of the Tang Dynasty was finally settling in and solidifying preventing it from breaking apart the times for this era were finally starting to settle down and flourish. The above mentioned information was taken from parts of Chinese Historical records from the Home Cho Fu and Ritsugen Ekidan Cho.

Information on Zui arms, and the Tang Emperor for his confiscated armaments and his general’s uses. The areas of Shorin ji East and west in an area called Hakukokuya, which were opened up to, battles by Donshu, Shiso and Keiyo. The Donshu Shorin J1I priests in the Rigun or Plum Army was assisting in capturing the enemy general O Seijiyu and his niece Jinsoku during this time. The deeds or aims of the three Tang Shorin ji founders Rien, Risei and Shin 0 Raku were very well known. Their exploits and information they gathered has proven very useful for historical purposes. The gifted Chinese Shoguns and his generals were awarded high official ranks for their meritorious deeds and their unrelenting heroism.

There were also 13 Shorin ji priests who were honored for their deeds as noted by the Tang founder or Taiso Risei was Shorin Ji Hakukokuso, which comprised and land mass area of about 64,000 square feet. These Shorin Ji priests’ deeds were honored and noted in the year 728. There was a monument on which was written honoring the Tang Shorin Ji founder and its priest: (0 Tang Taiso Ko 0 Tei Tano Shorin Ji Kaukokuso Go Sho Hiki).
In this also is the carved seal of the Shorin Ji order with dates and the Buddhist commitment that was made to enshrine these warriors forever. Also is the monument honoring Bodai Daruma titled the So Yama Shiseki Taikan and its author’s notes.

   GENDATSU  ­

(Buddhist Salvation)
The Sui Dynasty Matsuten Fudai no Ran which was put down by the new formation of national strength by taking advantage of the 40,000 plus people. The Tang Dynasty founder Rien did this.
This was put out to all the barons under the new Tang founder. The founder’s posture was to use a virtuous, wise and fair hand when dealing with people and when enforcing the kingdom's laws. With this in mind and the national strength of the people who support this new founder under him the way to a glorious path of peace was inevitable.
The future of the Tang Taiso and future Manchu Kings was based on national unity. The future of the Martial Arts during this time e.g. Shorin Ji was fast and famous. 50 leagues from its present landmass increased the area it encompassed the Hakukokushu. This made it a strategic position in that it was easier to defend and with the soldier priests able to better dispersed to protect its precincts and surrounding areas.
The purpose of the Shorin Ji priests was to spread the divine light and to train the general’s men in great numbers. This then led to the modeling of men who were virtuous in nature and new the difference between obedience and disobedience and who were receptive to change.
The meritorious deeds of these monk soldiers are commemorated in a monument carved with their names and deeds.
There was another group of monks involved in another sect of Shorin Ji known as Genshu or Black Arts. These monks we're also famous.
On the face of this monument is inscripted with Shuhakukoku "0" Tang Taishu Bun 0 Tei Shorin Ji to Hakukoku. This was done on the 4th month, 30th day of that year. The next monument was to the martial arts that were developed during the 8th year, 2nd month, 15th day. This was to give praise to these groups of brave priests.

The Genshu sect had another tablet made to tribute these monks who were a special Buddhist Sect. This was a special group within the Chinese government dedicated to special genealogies and tributes.

Three special people were noted on the Shomanjui for their efforts in the martial arts. During the 11^th year 12 month, 11^th day the Keikaku was addressed to a palace judge for review. This was titled Hangan Denchu Ji Go Shi Choto Gi I, which was jointly signed before submission to the judge.
It required two signatures to confirm the genealogy of these monks. Also on this was the history of the "0" Seijyu no Ran and (13) Chief Shorin Ji Priests involved. This Shorin Ji monument on the side of the mountain was established to ensure all who read this that this information is a registered part of Chinese history as fact to temple history.
Another monument or epitaph entitled Ribusho Shihai no Sankei was written for the Shorin Ji monks. On the face of this monument on the inside right corner is the signature of the Tang Dynasty Emperor. Three other characters written give which Tang palace it came from. Again this tablet was a gift from the emperor to the Shorin Ji temple and its priests.

The emperor wanted to let the world know of the empire’s righteousness thru the monk’s historical deeds. It is also important to review the oral history of Yuson Shotakuhatsu and the Kiyohitsu. A thorough review of these documents is required to translate the writing on these tablets correctly and to understand the true meaning.

There is another tablet on which depicts the Shorin Ji History and the viewpoint of the priests involved. These tablets at the base of So Yama are very important in that they describe the emperor as a descendant from heaven and that he is the only one who can bless or sanction these temples within the (5) peaks. All of this documentation was done to ensure that these mountains and their occupants were taken care of in their time and in the future.

In Northern Wei Province the then Emperor Ko reigned during a time of great peace for 20 years during the time 469 AD and that Hatsuda Sifu made many changes during that time. During the time when this man came from India to China learn it was when the era of great peace began. Even Rakuho the poet came to this area to study because of the peacefulness and quitted. It was after this that Mt. So or So Yama was declared a sacred area. This is when the era of Shorin Ji began.

Hatsuda set his original temple up in a part of western China with the bones of saints and set up one shrine called the Hankei Do Shrine. From here spread the word of Buddhism, which spread to the western provinces and gained popularity. Buddhism had its limits then though until it gained full acceptance.
Bodai's truth was a blocked spirit at first and it was taught and his teachings were polished by hand. Hatsuda was very well known for passing on the shining light of Buddhism. Hatsuda had a helper during this time named Choso whom Hatsuda helped enter priesthood under him being his deishi or live in student.
Hatsuda had the temperament and wisdom of a wise and virtuous man. After established he instituted the first Zen laws for this sect to follow based on his knowledge and teachings.
Sects that were associated with the former were the Chiron Sho whose founder was Shibunuchi. This fact should also be researched thoroughly. There was rumor that, a man named Kotonichi Sensei founded this sect. This teacher had pupils who exceeded all training and went on to become famous monks. The Donin Ji Ankaijushitsu no Sha had ten gifted people at his temple.
The Royama Torin Ji taught law and had ten pupils who were very good at law and these ten also became very famous monks.

There were some monks who were female that had also excelled in whatever study they were involved in. The Shorin Ji priest Hatsuda and those who had audiences with him had to have letters of introduction and proof of certificates from previous schools in order to be accepted. This was especially so at a temple near one of the southern peaks near Su-Yama called Zengaku Joisaibi.

Once this training was accomplished at it was noted that a priest from So Yama had authenticated this pupils were allowed residence at a temple called Sogoku Ji.
The Shorin Ji was really located in the center of North Wei Province, which was known for an area of extreme silence. This type of atmosphere it was said was conducive to proper training as stated by Bodai Daruma. As we know Daruma established Shorin many eons ago when he crossed that bridge from India into China learned the art and then returned to and requested an audience with the military emperor to gain permission to start a sect. Emperor Komei entreated Daruma to explain his art and this new path that he learned. Daruma on his way also stopped at a temple named Heika Ji to talk with the priests to explain his art and his path.
He also stopped at another temple called Hokushu Ji and gained an audience with the military emperor Eugenso and explained to him the virtues of his art and path, which took three years.
Supposedly during this time during Buddhism there were two religions with two paths. A moralist priest or a Shamon Doshi destroyed one. This caused some problems like religious persecution. The Shorin Ji Ekikiyaku dealt with this with the help of Emperor Jo Meiko, and after things settled down and times returned to normal there were again two religions. Statues dedicated to Buddhism were once again erected and according to the poet Rakuyo near the city of Choan another temple was built named Kakuchokuyama Ji to honor 100 Buddhist saints. Twenty people were appointed as watchers over this temple and its grounds.
The head priest was Keion who with another priest Kojunrichi and their 18 followers kept this temple and its religion alive.

After the Zui or Sui Dynasty Emperor Kosobun had Hakuchokuyama Ji officially changed back to Shorin Ji. None of this is record though as most of the changes above were noted in legends. After Rakuyo no Hakuchokuyama Ji ga Shorin Ji changed everything began anew. However, in the year 582 it was still noted as Choan no Hakuchokuyamai or Dai Kozen Ji. This area temple was noted for its study of Horin no Bensei Ron.

The name change for Shorin Ji stayed that way for about four years. During this time the Literary Emperor had many Buddhist temples built in or around the Su Yama area because of the Buddhist revival. Throughout the year Emperor Kaiko had granted to build 100 or so temples in this area. It was a grand spectacle to see. He did this for future generations. But many were at risk of being burned by mountain bandits. Special towers were built to watch for these bandits so these temples could survive and be left for all to see.
During the year 622 AD there was a four year period during the Tang Dynasty when the monks and these temples saw much destruction of their temples from roving bands of brigands. Many monks quit the priesthood and were either forced into labor or used as war reserves.
But there were a group of monks who used their knowledge to fight back.. These monks were a class unto themselves. They served "0" Seiju during one riot to quell disturbances.
During a seven or eight year period after 622 some of the temples 40 or so near Hakuchokuso were rebuilt and some of the monks came back to re inhabit these temples and continue their work and studies as monks once again. One sect imparticular was the Donshu, which was quite large, was used during the times of civil war and rebellion and served their commander well. This group was then given special consideration during the revival. The government troops along with a special group of priests trained in Kobushi Ho provided support to the Tang Dynasty during times of strife or civil unrest.
Eventually all the temples that were destroyed were rebuilt and Buddhist community again was on a rebound evening out the status quo as was in times prior to the civil strife. There were several people behind this reconstruction effort and the reforming of the Buddhist and Shorin Ji community; Priests like, Meiyojin, Jiun, Ginso and Chiknirichu Sensei. These were a very high class of teacher experts who were pulling the system back together. Their beliefs were firmly rooted no only in Shorin Ji but Buddhism as well. Their efforts were particularly strong in the city of Koshu. The areas of Sokutenbuku and Hikakugosho were especially peaceful areas during the reconstruction period. The Buko group was a special military class of people who were granted a special status because of their efforts in Shorin Ji. This special group of people, which consisted of court, appointed lords and ladies provided the funding for the reconstruction effort of these famous temples.
By the year 707   709 AD the Shorin Ji temples had been rebuilt and a new Dragon view was established from the main temple and 10 priests were appointed for life as keepers of these facilities. The best views were established from the rest of the temples for all to see. That way The Tang Shorin Ji was recorded as being active and its historical perspective brought back into public eye once again.
Once again the Genshu or the Occult groups were called upon by "0" Seiju to suppress new civil disturbances. These groups of priests were used exclusively for this purpose because of their occult nature.
This group of priests has in the past shown their loyalty and had distinguished themselves in battle many a time. The Tang Founder had granted them special status thru the signing of a special decree and an official tablet was constructed and signed by along with a photograph of the emperor deigning their status signed on the 10^th year, 11^th month, 4^th day. Then on the 16^th year, 7^th month, 15^th day this monument was erected to honor this special sect of priests.
One of the Zen Priests of another Genshu sect apparently died after this action took place and five of his followers as a tribute created a particular form of bowing in his honor.

This form of bowing was then used to great all teachers and was used by all new adepts to pay tribute to this new teacher so as to distinguish this from other sects.

The above-mentioned actions were granted as was stated by the Tang founder for both the Shorin Ji and Genshu groups. The Shorin Ji status was stated as Shorin Ji Hakukoku Uso Goshohiki and the Shorin Ji priests that were given special dispensation. Of the forty or so monks 13 were given special status by rank and each carried a carved seal and these are listed below:

Title Name
1. Jozaso (Chief Priest) Zengo

2. Jishuso (Temple Master) Shiso

3. Toinaso (Priest) Keieki

4. Dai Shogunso (Army Priest) Donshu

5. Doryukoso (Priest) Fukei

6. Doryukoso (Priest) Meisu

7. Dorrukoso (Priest) Reiken

8. Doryukoso (Priest) Fusho

9. Doryukoso (Priest) Chisu

10. Doryukoso (Priest) Doko

11. Doryukoso (Priest) Chiuko

12. Doryukoso (Priest) Man

13. Doryukoso (Priest) Ho
As mentioned above this info is noted on the

Su Yama Tablet as dictated by the Tang Era Founder.

The Tang era historical records section during this time had 6 divisions designed for record keeping as in the instances of cataloging these monks and their activities, ranks, etc.
1. Riku Bu; Officials Division

2. Ko Bu; Housing Division

3. Rei Bu; Ceremonial Division

4. Hei Bu; Warfare Division

5. Kei Bu; Design Division

6. Ku Bu; Manufacturing Division

There were civil officials assigned to select individuals for appointments or awards, disciplinary officials, and officials who were assigned documentation duties and or archiving.
In the early days of the Tang era soldier priests merits were based on an exact system, which was used thru to the Manchu era by their scholars to grade individuals in the martial arts based on their past experience and current knowledge. The system was named Koen Bu established (1613   1682). These were then cataloged in what was called the Hichiroku no Heiji Hen (A Volume dealing with military and martial affairs). In this was a section named Shorin Ji Heiso (Soldier Priests).
This information was originally cataloged by the Tang Founder and then refined by the Manchu King's Buddhist sect dealing with Buddhism and its religious tenets.

The Tang founder Risei was also involved in the recording of historical feats by these famous Shorin Ji Priests. Some have even received posthumous awards based on their deeds. These priests received every example of government patience and assistance.

There are many records or comments on the two volumes of historical information Hichiroku and the Koen Bu. Daily records or comments were made to ensure completeness and correctness. The Koen Bu was actually used in certain circumstances to vindicate certain people and to investigate changes or deletions. It was a sort of a bible for officials to go by for validation purposes. It encompassed 32 volumes covering 34 era's. It also had sections dealing Ryubikyo Chugoku Kobushi Ho as recorded by "0" Seiju. Also recorded was information on Keieki and Donshu.

Information on Shorin Ji no Sohei Eki or the priests exploits in battle or achievements in military fame is also available. Their exploits were legendary utilizing Kobushi Ho and Bujutsu. Two well-known Sohei arts were Bojutsu and Yarijutsu.

The time known as the bright era there were also books on military science and its applications. There were references to the schools adept in Bojutsu and information on Shorin Ji styles such as Shorinkobushi.
Therefore, Bujutsu's creation and formation into an art form is well cataloged and its roots deep in martial fact and lore. Bujutsu's development came about from two other strange arts. These two other art forms in the beginning eventually led to Bujutsu and Kobushi. The two are mutually the same basics wise but the intent underneath is hidden and one must dig out the truth.

Hakueten nai no hekiga no tsuite

(Two Fresco's of the interior of the main temple)
These frescos depict the arrangement of the Shorin Ji Temple and associated monastery's. There is a certain symmetry noted in the positioning of these facilities and their architectural building types. The Fresco's are very famous.

Of the three types of Fresco's they all depict Kobushi Ho practicing the way of the fist, sword, stick, and spear in preparation for war or peacetime.

The original Fresco's are really something to see as they are in full color and the attention to detail is exquisite. The brush strokes seem to make the paintings come alive. The paintings exemplify the Manchu era of peace (1821   1850). These paintings really are an accumulation of 130 years of documentation. This view depicts views of So Yama and historical landmarks associated with Bodi Daruma as original editor of this book intended. These facts must be made known so everyone can share in the splendor of this era. No other paintings can due justice to Shorin Ji, Bujutsu or Kobushi Ho like these Frescos's can.

These paintings depict all of the combined experts in this art or Sosha Shiko Rinwasho. During the Taisho era (1912  1924) Shorin Ji So (Or Priests) and their training were continuing to be discussed and still reigned during this period as described the Zen Priest Shakushuen. During the 6th year of this era l0th month Shorin Ji was called upon to entertain interviews to see how they were faring.

After this information became clouded on their existence and if one is find out more about this sect one then has to travel to see for oneself the splendor and quietude this area can provide for a visitor.
There were subsequent visits by a Mr. Kenkansho the routes Daruma took which ultimately led to the cave where Daruma met his demise. He also stayed in the guest quarters at the main monastery while documenting his travels in the area. Later during his stay he was able to observe the temple priests during a rare performance of their abilities. This was done at a site which considered hallow ground as it was blessed by the founder and great teacher Daruma. There were also many temples he viewed that were used for writing or meditating and other minor arts.

The historical information presented was taken from the ancient archives of this area.

- SHORIN JI JI SHI -

(SHORIN JI TEMPLE RECORDS)

HAISAI (Information taken from the Koko Suyama Shorin Ji Hyo (Tablets)

The fame or Bumei of the Shorin ji has been derived from one of the many carved tablets which is embossed with the Shorin ji seal and dated from the Tang era (618 907) and this information continues thru the first 16 years of this era.

After that, Shorin ji's shiryo or historical data and its contributions to Bujutsu was made known to the world as they entered a new era called the "'Bright Light Era" during the time 1368 1662.

As the new era opens up (Mei Dai) the martial arts were taking on a new look both in shape and form. This accounts description, and its precious existence is explained in the temples records.

Shorin ji temple records from the Shin era or Manchu era, which date from (1662 1912) (***Note: This needs to be verified in that the Modern Reader Japanese Character Dictionaries Historical Reference Section, states the dates for these eras were 1644 1912***). During this time the noble Emperor Kanryu ruled for 13 of these years in the area of Honan Province.
His Chief Court Justice Chogakurin was his Chief Editor of these materials concerning the Shorin ji temple records to include names and tables of contents. In the table of contents is the preface with drawings, picturesque scenes, architectural business buildings, historic spots, and topics on Zen Meditation, Art and Literature Circles, Poetic Themes, and literature and Art Divisions.
Next are the Imperial Transcripts, Information on Feudal States, Imperial Literary Writings, Imperial Monuments, and Zen Monuments. There is information on the Zen Legends and their sub stories. There are records of smaller poems in the five old word profiles, and 7 word profiles. Information on the 5 worded anti-Japanese laws and 7 anti Japanese worded laws, 5 Zekku (Style of Chinese Poetry), 7 Zekku, 6 Zekku. There were records of stone inscriptions, eulogies, and other forms of poetry and prose.

Next, let’s refer to the Shorin Ji Butjutsu. The next detailed account is taken from the ancient records as recorded from the original authors.

 Bunsho no Jiyu- (Literary Freedom)
The forefathers of this information were from the Bright Light Era 1506 1522, which was a peaceful era in the areas, of Szechuan[C], Shisen [J] and were inspectors of official records and officers of good background. The depicted people’s deeds both good and bad were investigated and verified either way. They exacted service times and merits received or taken away.

There were records of rice storehouse thieves and government inspections on said accounts. There were records of which officers were fit for service and the ones who were not fit and subsequently retired. All these records of course were in reference to officers and common people associated with the Shorin Ji temples affairs.

Chui #5 (Note #5) those who studied the accounts of the Shorin Ji Kobushi Ho were men of stature who were well versed in government affairs and of the fist, sword and spear and to speak on this was a famous named inspector Kikan Soshi Isokaku this man was well versed in law, sword and halberd.
During this Bright Light Eras there was a purposeful slow and deliberate plan for achieving and maintaining peace during the era 1522 1567. This effort was done for the people. The area was written about extensively and also covered is information on courtesy, Shinto ceremonies, and master of ceremonies duties. There was even information on Shorin Zatsu shi or Shorin misc. poetry. The Shorin monks always had an interest of taste for things military especially when dealing with Bujutsu and or demonstrations of such to include poetry.
To speak of such poetry of this type the following four paragraphs are in Chinese are submitted:
  Fame can be gathered from the old incense hall  
  Fluttering sounds of spears being wielded at shrine  
  The people gain much from the Sohei (Soldier Priest)  
- A big commanders army is clouded until the meaning of religion is understood -
Old mansions and thru the cloud of incense the fluttering of swords and halberds can be heard. One must wonder what true spirit really is. The monks who were fond of things military knew. Thru the worship and understanding of the big religion one will find peace.
  Teisho   (Degree of Help)
The Bright Era and it myriad's continue this peaceful era into the years 1573 1628 who were known as Tokushu no nin or virtuous people, who were divided into artisans, engineers, and colonizers. Even this path is followed today. In the year 1625 there was a five-year period known as the "5 year revelation" and Shorin-Ji was called upon many times for their martial skills or prowess.

Shorin Kanbu to Daishu   (Military Outlook)

Genritsu (7 Worded Law) Translated from Chinese)
Moments of rest in the summer as the military monks are testing their prowess of strength and courage of techniques with the Halberd and Tetsu Bo (Iron Hammer).
They possess the qualities for achieving victory through the proper regulation of power and utilization of the aspects of the tiger they often posed at rest in their training with the Halberd as the world goes on . . . . . . >>
The Kanbo or the Testsubo again the key here is developing the requisite mind/body/spirit and or strength to wield these heavy implements of war. It was said the monks had acquired a certain unnatural power if you will when wielding these weapons.
The total effort was geared toward domination of the opponent thru constant drill or training in these skills.
They demeanor was that of a tiger when in training. They would stalk and strike, as a tiger would make them fierce stalkers when required.
Kou Dai   (Formal Positions)

The Bright Light Era (1573 1628)
There were efforts a foot to use the dark principles of the arts in order to aid in dispensing with opponents.
Chinese Translation:
The Shorin monks tested in many areas, which were very complex in nature. The way they presented themselves when handling a Halberd, Sword the weapons emanated a certain dazzling light. They would train in any type of weather especially during heavy rainfall. By being trained to wield weapons in any kind of environment tended to confuse the enemy to make dispatch easier.

The monks would also utilize certain animal sounds or animal calls or mannerisms to confuse the enemy when in conflicts.

The monks give the appearance of docility and absence of greed or passion. These are traits derived form proper Buddhist training.
The Sword and the Halberd are wielded in such a way that they appear as flashes of light. This type of techniques emulates and illusion and causes confusion within the enemy's Wa. They trained well in the ancient ways of long ago involving the Fist, Sword or Halberd.
Chinese Translation:
The Shorin monks tested in many areas which were very complex in nature. The way they presented themselves when handling a Halberd, Sword the weapons emanated a certain dazzling light. They would train in any type of weather especially during heavy rainfall. By being trained to wield weapons in any kind of environment tended to confuse the enemy to make dispatch easier.
The monks would also utilize certain animal sounds or animal calls or mannerisms to confuse the enemy when in conflicts.
The monks give the appearance of docility and absence of greed or passion. These are traits derived form proper Buddhist training.
The Sword and the Halberd are wielded in such a way that they appear as flashes of light. This type of techniques emulates and illusion and causes confusion within the enemy's Wa. They trained well in the ancient ways of long ago involving the Fist, Sword or Halberd.

Kin Shu Shi - The Loyalty of the Soldier or Warrior
This next effort details the attitude of the warrior priest or soldier priest.
During the Manchu era the Army divisions went thru a name change according to the Heibu Shosho (Soldier Division Record) of the new era. This was according to the Rikugun Chyokan or Chief Magistrate of the era. This new title was based on the new learning system and lifestyles developed during this era. To understand this here are several accounts translated from Chinese from the Su-Yama (Mt. Su)'s historical records which may be of interest:
-Information on the secondary law temple

-Review the tablets that were carved in the forest

-Review the one writing on power as described in the stone

Tablets of the Great Tang Dynasty and Manchu Kings

-Dispatched handwritten promises of the Priests

-Directions given by the Kings to soldiers on maintaining

captives

-The merits of the monks as defined by the 13 who worship

the great Zen sect

-Forty surplus writings from the temples in the area of

Su-Yama

-Writings on a variety of foot techniques from the imperial

palace

-Writings on the exploits of certain monks written from a

third persons point of view
The solider priest who rose up named  O Se Ju  who developed a certain striking technique that had much merit. He often stood in front of the great 13 to receive praise for his efforts. He was one of forty or so Shorin Monks who received this type of audience for his efforts was a once in a lifetime event. To show such bravery in battle as these monks did is something one should read about thoroughly.

-Mu Ko In Wa 
(Reverent Light Seal of the Shorin Ji Monks)
The literature in the Shrines depicting the military monks or soldier priests is well worth viewing. To polish ones "'self" is the key in all martial arts and is the grandest accomplishment. Again, meditation is also important to discuss here in relation to self.
Kobushi Zen is of big import here when learning such a refined art.
“0 Shi Sei" Nature or disposition of learned people from the early Manchu years and information on the Shajo no nin or people of the Wild Mulberry castle form the Manchu era. These are presented in various drawings and paintings:
 Su Yu Ki (Literary account of Mt Su

 Information on Mt Su

 Information on Military Zen and its affects on

techniques

 The yellow fist striking method and its shocking

affects

 Information on teachings of faith and what to

guard against

 Attacks on people of royal lineage and their

affects

The people from Mount Su it appears were all military monks and each had a quest they had to go on using only their guile and technique. One technique used was the Crane Fist Strike. This technique went demonstrated appear to make the user fly and scatter his opponents and gain much distance from the attackers.
Another technique referred to as a controlled hand technique using the middle portion of the fist. When used with shallow leaping movements give the appearance of a dance rather than offensive/defensive movements.
These accounts come from the Shorin Ji temple records during the Tang era. The above can be accomplished but requires an expert teachers hand to guide the student. The priests also as mentioned studied heavily in the art of Bojutsu.

- Fukien Shorin ji  
The existence of Fukien Shorin Ji was first learned about when records were uncovered depicting the old temples. The main temple was located in Fukien Province in the city of Foochow, which is situated around the (5) Lotus Mountains. This area was shielded from the revolutions, which plagued this area. There were two basic groups of interest here, the Nan Ha Shorin Kobushi or the Southern area group occupied the (5) Lotus Mountain area and the Hoku Ha Shorin Kobushi, which occupied Su Mountain or Su-Yama. These were two of the biggest groups to occupy the temple grounds.
Fukien Shorin Ji also both groups held different positions of power and had different titles. There were also internal differences between the two systems.
(Information on the system of government during this era mentioned above):
The then Manchu government wanted to rule the Chinese people but the form of government they proposed was not likable by the Chinese people.
They wanted a system of self-rule but toward ones goal. The Manchu's were vying for rule everywhere it seemed at not at the best interest of their people. You had the Hon Shin Fuku Mei or those opposed to the Manchu and wanted to return to the new way, and the Fuku Shin Ko Mei or those interested in over throwing the Manchu government. They had banners, which depicted these statements or ideas and were placed everywhere to sway public opinion. This then led to the mobilizing of the Chinese Revolutionary Army led by the Mings and their supporters to impose their will and style on the Manchu Dynasty. This was the first time this ever happened.
These circumstances were favored by most. This then led to more stress being placed on military strategy training, martial arts, Kobushi Ho, Yari Ho (The Spear Way), and Ken Ho (The Sword Way). This type of government was on a war footing and this training was not taken lightly.

This then, led to other organizations being formed and the personification of those with military fame or martial prowess gave rise to the above-mentioned Kobushi No Ran, which went on to form the basis for the Boxer Rebellion.

The revolution was advocated by many especially the martial organizations who specialized in martial training on many different levels. There were those who recognized the Manchu problem and sympathized with them. This then led to the righteous harmony groups formed in 1727. But most of these groups were banned during the first part of the year 1728 with revisions of the Manchu laws.
Therefore, in spite of all this the groups were still active underground. The Headquarters was found to be in the Shorin Ji precincts and the temples were set on fire twice by the government due the pressure some government officials were receiving. Even though the temple monks stood up and fought they eventually dispersed and went to different areas. Some went south, east and west. The original Kobushi Ho was then again teaching Kobushi jutsu, Bojutsu, Kenjutsu etc, etc. This then ensured expansion of the system. The theme though was to stand up and fight for what is thus the term "righteous or harmonious fist" way.
They actually went outside the scope of classical Bujutsu to suit their needs. History states that this is what drove the Hen Shin Fuku Mei.

Then after much consideration in Fukien Province the five Lotus Mountains were one of the secret training locations that were re established in the southern area for those monks and dedicated military professionals who wanted to re establish their training.

In China during ancient times there was a constant stream of traffic flowing in and out of China especially on the big river routes, which ships used constantly to traverse north and south.
In the north we find many fields and mountains. In this area horses were used for long land treks. In the south the land was vaster and flatter. The beauty of both areas is seen in the free lifestyle in which the ancients lived. Both areas differ in many respects and this information was significant to the martial artist.

Shorin Kobushi also sported a different lifestyle and is based on terrain where one was located. Thusly, the ships in the south exemplify cramped quarters and therefore foot and hand techniques were modified to suit this type of lifestyle. In the north also there were areas of vast vacancy and mountains. In this area hand and foot techniques were modified to suit this lifestyle. Then these techniques were further developed and finally evolved into the southern fist techniques and northern leg techniques each a specialty in there own right. There are advantages to both and they were also considered righteous harmony techniques. 'As a rule on the face of it all the southern group of Shorin specialists developed often times exquisite and beautiful hand techniques and north strong stepping or leg techniques but if combined one could create a formidable opponent.

This then leads back to the Han Shin Fuku Mei or the anti Manchu new era revolution. They pledged their patriotism and willingness to stand up to the revolutionary campaign. Fukien Shorin Ji is a classic example of this patriotism and will be for all eternity to see and read about.
The Manchu follow up action or climax came about when the Patriotic Fist Man stood up and declared action and formed secret societies and were rather well organized at locations which were well guarded or secret. The geographical locations even today are not all known.
The dream or quest during this time was to bring back the teachings of Shorin Ji and make them public once more. In 1768 Fukien Shorin Ji during the reign of the 33^rd Manchu Emperor with the Bodai Kairaso and the Kyo In the Dai Shi the great teacher Kanho Shi who were working on a plan to restore Shorin-Ji temples and teachings.
They received permission some 10 years after the war and riots, which took place in (1768), peace was restored to this area.
Before after the year 1868 Shorin Ji had re established (4) of the styles of the original (5) hero's of (Known as Go Yu Gomainiko and they were as follows:
- Yunan Province -Hakukaku Yama -Hakubido Ha

White Crane -White Eyebrow

Mountain Group
- Szechwan Province -Gabi-Yama -Hyodotoku-Sensei
- Kohoku Province -Buto-Yama -Shinzenwasho Sensei
- Fukien Province -Kuren-Yama -Hyokrn Sensei
Hyoken Sensei and his monks were also in various other locations in China as well as Fukien Province.
Note: Shinzenwasho Sensei was noted in history as one of the more famous teachers of mountain monks.
Sensei Hyoken and his monks were in various other locations in China as well as Fukien Province.
Note: Shinzenwasho as noted in history was one of the more famous teachers.
In any event this re organizations re builder and founder is uncertain according to historical records.
After the Tenchi E or Heaven and Earth meeting these teachers and monks went far and wide to re spread this art. The dream of having the old temples re established was long sought after and again was finally established in Fukien Province, in the city of Foochow on Kuren Yama and existed as an actual order once again.
The exact or original site had been disputed over the years some thought this sect was located in Koto Province which was later found to be a pseudonym for Fukien. Kuren Yama was also known as the Nine Lotus Mountains. Koto Province also another area had another range of mountains where Shorin Ji activity was noted at Kuryu Yama Nine Dragon Mountain. Koto Province located in Wahei Ken or prefecture.

This area is completely surrounded by the nine peaks thus the name Kuren Yama. Two of the five peaks named Kyozoku and Chinkatsuchu were areas where the two Shorin Ji tiger groups operated.

These two peaks were actually used to gain blessing when entering this area into the other mountain areas. This information is recorded in Chinese history and it is information that should never be forgotten.

Shu Gen Mei
Religion Origin A New Bright Era
Shindai (Manchu Era) no Chomei na

Kobushi Ho Ka (The famous art from the house of Kobushi Ho)
During the Sung period 1103 1114 (Chui Note #10) this was an era of the early development of the southern religions there was a famous Military Commander named Gakuhi who hailed from Honan Province in Toan Kei or Toan Prefecture. He had another name given to him called Hokyo or Phoenix for his famous and virtuous deeds. His efforts as a commander exceeded even his peers. He was also a very famous martial arts expert.
He was a peasant born into a poor farming clan and helped build the country in his later years and during the time frame 1115 1234 he took part in Northern Chinese Invasion as part of an army volunteer corp. This Corp was used to fight and put down rebellions in the north.
He started out as a soldier private and moved up into higher command grades in the year 1134 and from there became a very famous leader. There were others at the same time that were elevated into command positions because of their valor on the field and their willingness and tenacity to guide troops into battle.
Up until the year 1137, the senior people in this elite group under the Commander Gakuhi were the following Ryukose, Kankose, Kansechu, and Chosu. All of these gentlemen became very famous commanders in their own time. They were named to head up the Gakushigun.

Gakuhi held a very special place for his mother. While she was alive she helped him make many important decisions. His mother was wise beyond her years and she had a hand in the building of his career. Gakuhi and his exploits when reviewed form historical records is nothing but spectacular.

Gakuhi in those days was also famous for his innovative war strategies utilizing Bujutsu style tactics during many conflicts. His children were also well versed in the art of war, Bujutsu, and a variety of martial arts. During era the southern Sungs were building up their war machine a man named Rinan from Chekiang Province in the city of Hangchow helped also to develop these new war strategies, which help the city survive the small wars ongoing.
Gakuhi's name was also changed to reflect his talents to Shochugakuhi. His name was used on all war banners during numerous conflicts. The clique of army commanders often times disagreed with Shochugakuhi but was surprised every time by his talents and judgement calls.
Even after he retired he still taught new soldiers and commanders and his lessons were well remembered by all. A lot of animosity was buried after this man retired as everyone else thought his or her opinion was right but when it came down to the wire Shochugakuhi prevailed. Shochugakuhi eventually was considered for the position of Prime Minister until his untimely death in 1141.
After the re organization effort Shogakuhi's son was imprisoned on false charges for whatever reason and eventually died in prison. In 1178 he was finally exonerated.
After these charges were dropped during the Junshi

5th year (Pure Shining Era) he was elevated in status to Bumu or reverent martial artist and given a posthumous title. A memorial was erected in his honor for martial bravery and virtue.

This military memorial was erected in 1914 on the island of Taiwan or as it was known then as Chuka Minkoku (Chinese Republic of Taiwan).
Gakuhi had when studying Kobushi Ho also studied Ekikinkei or Body Sutras and all other associated studies. He was able to with this type of study, impart this information in its entirety as the original founder had deigned. The following groups/records should be researched and Gakuhi will be mentioned in the following historical material:
-Shodensho

-Gako 0 Kobushi

-Shorin Yosohanshi Kobushi

-Gakukahachihan Kobushi

-Shochu Kobushi

-Gyoi Kobushi

In the north the House of Kobushi Ho style that were practiced were Gakushisan Te or Gakushinsan Hand Way and the Gakushiren Kobushi, with as the records state Gakuhi was the possible founder and that time was considered as a Hachi Dan. These along with records recorded by Gakuhi himself more or less corroborate these stories.
After the re organization directive Gakuhi was imprisoned on false charges and finally died as a result of these false charges in prison. However, in 1178 these charges were dropped and he was exonerated thru the efforts of the Pure Shining era's 5 year Gakuhi was recognized as a Reverent Martial Artist or Bumu. This was given to him posthumous and some considered him a national savior of the arts. The Chuka Minkoku of the Chinese Republic of Taiwan dedicated Gaku 0 Byo or a memorial for Gakuhi in 1914 and this shrine was dedicated to him and his relatives.
Gakuhi was also know for his studies in Ekikinkei or body sutra studies in conjunction with Bujutsu'and Kobushi Ho and his studies were passed on the same way he learned and or was taught by his teachers.
There are records pertaining to Gakuhi and several schools in which the records mention Gakuhi’s name in relation to these entities.
If we look northward into China we see the 2 forms of the House of Kobushi being practiced; 1. Gakuhi San Te or the Gakuhi three Hand Way, and 2. the Gakushiren Kobushi.
It is said that Gakuhi himself had established these two orders to promote the health and welfare of the body and it manipulative ways. He was at the time of their inception a Hachi Dan and is included in the literary works of Gakuhi.
During the Seiwa era's 7^th year 1118 we find Gakuhi at age 15 who was developing two writings, which were referred to as the Rijiku and Hogika Doin Jutsu. During this time he was considered Bumbu Ryodo a talented person of the pen and sword. It was a shame to loose a man of his talents thru imprisonment on false charges. But while in prison he wrote many treatises on war and responsibilities of military commanders. Next lets look ant information on Chosanpo and Chosanho, which was written, on Chosan Yama.
Chosanpo was about a Northern Sung Dynasty Kishu Gakuhi who was a famous military strategist and Kobushi Ho expert was summoned for an audience. During the years 1101 1125 many disturbances were taking place. He was summoned to quell some disturbances. In many reports during the Ming era he was said to have been a student of the founder of Kobushi Ho Huhensho 1328 1398. During this time he met a famous Doshi or a man of learned path. Gakuhi was looking for a (Senjtusu wo suru nin ga Butsudo Shugyo) or a path toward Senjutsu (Wizardry and the Buddha Way. The former and latter was a period of 200 years of study he had to look for, find, and try, to embellish. He knew that there were two famous people still teaching this arcane arts/religion. The Chosanpo was associated with famous military righteous Kobushi group who were still teaching the old ways.
The Chosanpo Buto Ha Kobushi became a very well known group and the originator a very famous man and the highest-ranking expert the records say. Present day records indicate that in Honan Province the highest-ranking individual for the Chinka Taikyoku Kobushi still exists.
One must also read about Kohi Tei, which is talked about in the Shodensho. The Shodensho also talks extensively about the legends surrounding Taikyoku Kobushi no Gen Ryu.
The following are comments about a variety of during different era's forming new Kobushi schools.
Note #1; one interesting piece is who lived between information about Emperor Ryogen (552 555) in Konan Province in the city of Kishu. He had two specialists in Kobushi-Ho Teiwaisen and Kankyogetsu who were conferred with often on a variety of matters. This should be researched.
Note #2; Long after this during the later Sung

Era (1131 1162) known as the Shoko era Teihi was received as Emperor and succeeded by Emperor Shohachiten. This information should also be researched.

Note #3; During the Tang era's influence (705 712) in Konan Province in the city of Kishu there was a mountain called Joyo Yama. On this mountain there was a retired Kobushi expert who lived there by the name of Kyosenkyo who was a known Senjin or wizard who was the soshu or originator of an art called San Se Shichi or the Three World 8 Way Kobushi Fist expert. During the actual Tang Dynasty years (618 907) there were (3) distinct time periods with different events transpiring. In Konan Province in the city of Ankyo you had Rindoshi organizing the Senten Kobushi group.

Note #4; Also, during this era it was noted that in the same province in the city of Anshu you had another expert called Ukyoshi forming another specialized form of Kobushi according to the required laws was also noted.
Note #5; During the Ming Dynasty (1368 1644) there was another famous Taoist priest Shichosanbo who formed another specialized style of Kobushi called Buto Kobushi.
According to the Shodensho Chugoku Bujutsu had many Shorin Kobushi experts and in present day the art of Kobushi and its sources started with Chinka Taikyoku Kobushi and are recorded from the Chosanto legends. Chinka Taikyoku Kobushi finally came to be Yoka Taikyoku Kobushi.
Apparently the Chinka Taikyoku Kobushi was a different sect altogether, which may have come from what was known as Shohoka or the Bukakuka. The Chosanto records are unclear on this point.

Chosanto
Taikyoku Kobushi's creator once explained that a Yoka Taikyoku Kobushi expert once stood up and challenged the Naika Kobushi Ho and stated that he was the originator and that everything about Kobushi Ho came from his center or sphere of influence. Many people were blinded or biased by this point of view.
Supposedly Taikyoku Kobushi’s techniques came about and were agreed upon by the Taoist scholar's Doin Tono. Shorin Kobushi practitioners Zen Sect based on the Great Teacher Daruma Dai Shi was opposed to the Taoist ways and Chosanto was based on this pretense is it right? Who Knows.
Note #6; the information surrounding Chosanbo existed in what is referred to as fog. Was this person a Sennin or (Wizard)? His then leads into the To Ni Kaku or the Rabbit of the (4) corner legend in where this Sennin in lived in a fog in the form of a rabbit. This area was never pin pointed and information about this Sennin never recorded.
 Meisho   Sekikeiko (1528 1587)-

The famous Military Commander Sekikeiko and Toshoei
During the latter Ming era there were two famous military commanders named Sekikeiko and Toshoei who were from the Shantung province Hokyo Prefecture. These two should also be mentioned and they were also known under the names Genkei and Ekigo and were men of great military strength. Fusekikeitsi succeeded Toshoei after his command and Toshoei became the governor of Fukien Province.

Note #2 (Wako or Pirates)
About this same time in the latter part of this period the subject of pirates came about. Along the Chinese and Korean coastlines pirates were operating a very lucrative trade in secret trading and contraband. This operation was operating under the auspices of the Japanese and Chinese pirate groups. A rebellion was forming in that their operations were being impeded by the Supreme Army lead by a one Sokeikan Ushuken on day and night 24 a day basis.
Since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the coastlines were traditionally guarded by soldiers from all three countries. These soldiers were hand picked and were a specially trained martial unit used for both peace and wartime. They were a part of the Sokokeiko. They were trained in war tactics, both from on and off ships, and arms and ordinance.
Since 1563 there was 42 years of peace and praise for the supreme army guarding the coastline in peace and wartime. Then the next year a wizard emerged on the scene supposedly from Chekiang to wage a different type of war. Fukien's coastline had been attacked numerous times. All this can be read about in (2) volumes Kikoshinsho (Writings on new Military Benefits) and Part II Tankeiyozeihen (A brief on the Soldiers Workbook). The author that wrote these had much martial arts and military arts experience. These are two volumes that must be read.

The Sokukeiken was based on the Sokukeiko family record. The Kikoshinsho is based on the Ren Hei Jitsu Ki or the Field Soldiers Written Factual Records. The next document was the Bubishinso (Martial Matters Record), which was also extensively studied or written about and used as a soldier’s guide.

Sokukeiko was a good family and its name very well known. The head of the clan was a man hailing from Chekiang Province. The clan leader was a another Bunbu Ryodo. He was promoted because of the background and training top Prime Minister. After his death though his family lost the status he had and his post was handed over to Chokosei who took over as Prime Minister. His age at death was 49.
This man who was Bunbu Ryodo surpassed a11 others in his field as a military commander and had quite brilliant future when he was alive. But during his earlier career years he was quite unlucky in some matters both public and private. His Kharma was jaded but no one knew why.
In the end this man Sokukeiko was a direct descendant of the man who rejuvenated Chinese Kobushi Ho. His name was Ryubikyo. He is talked about extensively in the Kobushi Ho legends and in the #2 section of the Sokukeiko military group records.
China for thousands of years in their history had always surpassed other in conventional warfare and tactical warfare and in war strategy.
In ancient times Chinese descendants ensured their survivability thru warfare and this is evident in the Haru Aki during the Sengoku Jidai which was representative of a nation surviving during major civil wars and emerging victorious. This was especially important in that during the Ming era Sokukeiko played an important role in putting down the rebellion of the Wako of coastal pirates.
Sokukeiko (?  1587) and his house for generations surpassed all others especially Toshuei who went to Yamato as a command public prosecutor. Keiko one of his other descendants even from childhood was fond of reading any all-historical information on war and warfare, writing, and ethics. Toshikikenji and Setsukotoshi were also family and military and martial experts, and they were both rotating around (3) commands with the army. They had Jurisdiction over the defense of (5) areas, Neiha, Shoko, Taishu, Konka

and Gonshu.

In those days in Chekiang Province, which was an area, where the pirates operated out of because of the lucrativeness of the area made it imperative that these areas be monitored closely.
Sokukeiko in his early years was a soldier first and foremost a man of wide physical and mental perspective, who always recruited the right people and trained them with a disciplined but fair hand especially during training sessions when attention to detail was paramount.
As one of the enlisted men his ranks of field soldiers there were many Sohei or soldier priests with prior training in the martial arts. Some were even noted Shorin Ji monks. They all but wanted to serve and gain meaningful employment.
The Sohei were actively engaging enemies on all fronts and emerging victorious even with and especially with the Wako or Japanese Pirates. Their deeds are well recorded. The control he had over these rebellious monks was astonishing.

The monks worked hard to expel these pirates and many feared them. Sokukeiko army's strength in ranks was attributed to the fundamental basics of warfare and the martial arts.

Thru the use of the entire body his soldier cadre even in exercise showed no give or slack in training train till you drop. In the beginning they started slowly but toward the end his soldiers were going all out to the maximum. Each group of cadre had its weak and strong points and they were finely tuned to a sharp point. This was evident when they went into battle. Sokukeiko had etched his spirit and personality into all of his troops and they respected him for that.
The formation of this type of training was fairly new and was implemented after the basic groundwork was in place. The issue here was obedience in addition to the enactment of battle simulations, scenarios, and both tactical and strategic situations. In addition, emphasis was also placed on these types of scenarios aboard ship using a variety of tactics to include firearms and other armaments.

The writing of Kikoshin is fairly accurate, as there was much detail in these writings so there would be no doubt as to China's readiness back in ancient times. In all there were (18) volumes with (1) volume each devoted to each area s follows:

1.) Soryo   Manipulations of the Law

2.) Chinryo   Related Laws

3.) Hika   Ratio Comparisons

4.) Anei   Military Business Practices

5.) Soren   Military Exercises and Drills

6.) Togo   Eastern Military Lines or Ranks

7.) Shussei   Preparation to Depart to Front Lines

8.) Chohei   Lists of Head Commanders

9.) Haisen   Medal Posturing

10.) Tankei   Soldier Demerit Board

11.) Shako   Archery Laws

12.) Kobushi Kei   Fist Sutras

13.) Shohi   Various Tools

14.) Seiki   Flags

15.) Shusho   Scout Defense

16.) Suihei   Water Soldiering

17.) Ronkei   Discourse on Soldiers

18.) Hokin   Banned Laws and their