A historical Perspective During the Reign of

CHUI #28

In Shantung in 1887 the Ryoshu Fu no Kyokai was burnt to the ground and many German missionaries had died in that fire which was caused by the Daitokai or the Great Sword Society and the secret society known as the Giwadan or Boxers. From 1899-1900 much anti-foreign sentiment prevailed. The above was groups were Anti-Christ and were trying to wipe out the Christians in one fell swoop. This effort was just part of the big plan to wipe out the foreign population and its centers of foreign faith. This fight was an organized effort on two fronts. The two reports of this effort were contained in the O San Eiron Yaku and the Chinese documentary Akishobo.

Furthermore, Enseigai also had a written document on these anti-foreign activities. He countered they were good citizens who obeyed Chinese law and were innocent of any rebellion as they were so unjustly accused of. Some say they had the body of a lion but Enseigai said no there group were like the worm unassuming and innocent. During this time the government officials were receiving much harsh criticism for their low playing role in these uprisings and were accused of siding with the foreigners.

---(1) RIKEIKO NO HOKOKU (1897 5TH MONTH)---
(The Rikeiko Report of 1897 5th month)
In Shantung Province in Koken and Tanken prefecture there were two areas Kaiki and Konan, which were near the cities of Chansu and Tanshian. This supposedly was the anti-foreign conspiracy started.
There was a main figure that was captured in this area that was responsible for master minding this rebellion. He was caught and punished. He was only one of the many dragon headed dragons responsible. Another took his place. In an area named Zoshu in the prefecture of Tanryo-Ken and Tanshian is where this report was generated from. In this area were two famous rebels Rosan also known as Rosanketsu and Roseisan. They were the other instigators of this rebellion against the foreigners.

They were responsible for allying the farm peasants against the foreigners. Here, Shantung and in Tanshi Prefecture in the farming area of Tonan is where they foremented their alliance with the Big Sword Society and the Giwadan. Every foreign church found in this area was burnt to the ground along with the occupants.

The Daitokai met with the Kinshotaku who knew the heresy they foreigners were spreading. Area authorities were alerted to both the foreigners and the above group’s activities. The government in secret decreed that the foreigners must go. That year in coastal areas there was another big disturbance by the German armies in that area. It was apparent that due to the situation the Germans were going to invade Shantung to stop these atrocities. There were many civilians now both Chinese and foreign in peril because of these incidents. There were many people in peril because of the spread of foreign faith and their followers. Many shots were fired in this rebellion by both Germans and foreigners in trying to stave off the Chinese Daitokai and the Giwadan.

Many of the ignorant or uneducated stood up in stead for the foreigners not knowing what the issues were and that what the Chinese were doing was wrong. Many rebels headed for this area to get their share of the profit or fame. Is this the idea Confucius hand of "Right Mindedness"? I think not. Where is the virtue in killing innocent people even though the Chinese had the right to do so for grievances that were committed against them it was a foreigner and they all looked alike was the attitude that prevailed. There was a need to disperse these bandits before harm came to the locals. The people wanted nothing more than peace and order once again in their province. Eventually there was a dispersion of rebels, as the onslaught seemed to subside.
Public sentiment was finally abated. How much more killing would it take to satisfy the Chinese people of the aspersions cast against them? Government forces upheld this order of cessation. All gatherings of 10 or more were restricted and the foreigner’s enclaves put off limits to all Chinese. A regulator named to enforce the Ikuken Edict and reviewed the reports from these areas to ensure compliability by all. Next were the contents of that report.
Rebels in the Shantung area one of which was named Ryusanka was still waging a war against the Christians. His group was stealing from the local area and blaming it on the foreigners. In Shantung it started all over again. The Daitokai was bound to the rebel groups during the 5th month during the 5th thru the 11th days. They planned an attack on the area of Tanken where there was a huge enclave of Christian believers holding out. They were all killed in a mass firing of this enclave. Only two rebels suffered in this massacre. On the 15th day of this month in the city of Fuen the Taitoro Kyokai was set ablaze and destroyed. On the 18th day of this month six officials met with the 400-500 rebels to try to come to a conclusion of this senseless massacre Gyukinsei, Yukinsei, Hokeirin, Kankeigi, Chingyotoku and Riyuchubun.
They made the boundaries of Konan and Shantung Provinces off limits to all during these negotiations. The head Chiefs of these areas Ryushitan and Sotokurei met with the officials to try to come to a peaceful solution. It was said that Ryushitan was still spewing heresy against the foreigners even during these negotiations. Many were against these two Chiefs for all wanted a short cessation of hostilities to try to negotiate a deal of peace. Many others who were conspirators met during this time to squash these negotiations like Zotokurei a famous rebel leader of the Daitokai. On the 19th day of this month the riots still were ongoing. Now even the local shops were being plundered and pillaged. On the 20th day in Tanken Province in the city of Tonan all food, horses and cattle were plundered and killed leaving a barren village. This outraged the populace. The head Chief of this village went to Tanken and Chonan to plead his case to the local government officials and demanded the arrest of the rebels. Ryusanka heard about this and ordered to leave the area or be arrested by the prefectural governor Rizen.
He also ordered his military commander Gakukindo who was in charge of the Tanken garrison to assist by sending his troops into this foray to route the bandits once and for all. Gakukindo sent his two Captains Choangyo and Gakushoto in to take charge.

They were ordered to set up a defensive perimeter and defend the area. They were ordered to meet and greet the bandits and drive them back north. One bandit Yoseigyo was captured and 18 others were killed in this push back offensive.

On the 21st day Gakukindo lead another attack and killed 11 more bandits. Two were taken alive and put in prison with the others. Many locales were investigated as being collaborators in this rebellion and many were arrested and put into prison along with their bandit co-mates. Many key leaders of the Daitokai were either killed or put into prison.

RIHEIKO NO HOKOKU (1897 5^TH Mo) (CONT)
It was said that the government forces, which led the route on the rebels, were involved in the plundering but no evidence was ever gathered. It is believed that those opposed tot he government intervention started the rumors. This was evident in Tan Ken, Tekisan Ken, Ho Ken Haoshu and Yui Chuyun provinces.
(The above was an abridged

report given by the Benri

Zotan Koshokai)

(Also information was collected

from the Shantung historical data

files located in Chapter III

pages 189-190 of that book)

---(2)--- ENSEIGAI NO HOKOKU (1900 1^ST Mo)

(Enseigai’s report on the 1^st Month of the year 1900)
In Shantung Province the Anti-Christian believers and the Christian believers were hold up in separate enclaves to avoid any further violence. The local authorities were almost always harassing the Christian believer’s everyday during this incident even though a treaty was signed. Government officials were there to ensure fairness in implementing this treaty. The local authorities tried to resolve these issues but the Christian leaders were one sided. They wanted things their way not the Chinese way. This was the main stumbling block in keeping peace. The Chinese local officials were tired of their inane rhetoric.
Even when incidents broke out both sides were blamed no matter whom was right or wrong good or evil. The Anti Christian factions always won out. The Christians were always suppressed. Al the Chinese were asking was that they keep to themselves and act like decent human beings. But they (The Christians) thought all Chinese were heathen. They’re many Chinese who were Christian who thought that the government was wrong that the Christians should be allowed to operate freely. I was believed that the local officials did not understand the situation thoroughly enough. There were many people left out of the loop on what started this all and the whole mess was very convoluted.
The government knew the center of violence was around the Christian enclave as the situation was insufferable but nonetheless many Chinese citizens of good standing knew of the Christians and what had done. This was all coming to a head shortly. The masses knew there was room for improvement but the Christians were steadfast in their resolve. Now the Christians wanted revenge for all the atrocities that have been heaped upon them death, destruction, pillaging etc, etc. It was said that they started this whole affair and all this bloodshed could have been avoided thru common sense and dialog.
Now that this has come out the government it was believed in league with the rebels formed a shadow leadership, which was pulling the strings on all these rebellions. The allied powers were called in to initiate a treaty and enforce the rules in these areas under there control. That meant moving these Christians into their area of influence in China.
These incidents also raised the costs for the allied powers for protection of these Christians, which did not sit, well with the allies but they were hamstrung and had to follow orders.
Some thought there was a benefit at having foreigners in country as the trade was booming during this time and the Chinese needed the much sought after revenue as did the foreigners for an in road to new trade routes and settlements.

This became the Haisei Jiken or Haisei Incident in which the Germans took the biggest loss in dead bodies, trade and religious profiteering. After this the foreigners were allowed only one trade concession area Chiao Cho Wan or Chiao Cho Bay, which was leased at quite a cost.

The damage done to it severe and the allies had to pay also to refurbish this area. That spring in 1899 in the area of Icho the Hasei Jiken broke out as was stated before. There were around 10,000 believers repatriated after this incident. The German government demanded compensation for the damage done by the Chinese in the sum of $10,000. But the Chinese were adamant. From the autumn of that year into the winter season the Christian enclaves in Seinan and Tan Chian where there were many big and small churches; all were attacked and burnt down and the believers killed. This then spread to ten other prefectures and provinces.
Also there was the Kinshu and Zoken Jikens or incidents. This added more pain and misery to the already heavy civil unrest that was ongoing. The financial stability of the country and the allies was beginning to falter. In the end reparations were paid in three installments throughout the year to the allies and Chinese alike. The populace finally stood up and insisted the government cease hostilities and make peace. The populace state that if not the whole country will be torn apart. In the end everything pointed toward the Christians and the Anti-C groups were heralded as being the heroes. Never before had such an incident had caused so much damage and pain in any era in Chinese History. The public and local and government officials’ hand rounded up most of the conspirators and slowed down the violence that was being perpetrated. The public was very aggravated and oppressed by all these incidents.
They all felt deceived by the government that they were not told the truth behind all this blood shed. They were thinking did we really have to burn all these Churches down and kill all these people?

The rebels in this were al expelled by local and government forces. This helped appease the populace. Other foreigners that were labeled as dissidents were also expelled as well as an equal but fair edict to maintain peace. Many who were ordered to leave and did not had their belongings plundered and were forced out of the country.

DAI YON SEI

CHUGOKU KOBUSHI-HO

RYAKUDEN

(CONLCUSION OF CHAPTER VIII)
---(2)--- ENSEIGAI HOKOUKU

Enseigai’s Report (Cont)
What then was the purpose of all this burning and looting if the Christians did nothing wrong? The enclave entrance stones stating “European Gaikokujin Enclave”

At each area where they had settlements was destroyed to erase all memory of their existence. Also they were plotting to remove or kill the remaining foreigners to permanently erase their mark on Chinese soil. There were at this point only 400 foreigners left. They all had congregated in one area to be easier to protect. A high army official was appointed to the garrison guarding the remainder of the foreigners. He was second in command a man named Bakinjo who had recently came from Byuan prefecture, Zuiban prefecture and Kaotung prefecture. He was picked because he had served in these areas also protecting the foreigners. He was assigned to route the rest of the Anti-Christian rebels out of the area. If this did not work then he was ordered to capture or kill any of those who resisted. But with this rebel band and their dwindling numbers he came up against much resistance in the end.

Even the foreign soldiers assisting in protecting their groups were up against insurmountable odds. The rebels utilized guerilla tactics, which the foreign troops were unfamiliar with.
Many fires spread throughout these areas destroying not only the foreigner’s homes and property but also much the Chinese land and their homes.

By this time the allied powers from Germany, England and France had sailed into Kiaochgow bay near the city of Weihawei to provide the much-needed support to take them safely out of China to a place of safe haven. Allied troops marched into Shantung to restore order. When they arrived the whole area was burning and in chaos. They then proceeded into Zo Province near Kinshu City where the Christian enclaves started to begin their rescue effort. Both local and government officials coordinated and assisted the allies in their efforts at suing for peace. Once regional military posts and governors were assigned thru coordination with the allies their efforts proceeded. Two political measures were enacted in the suing for peace the two edicts were Jihon and Jihyo these were signed by the Empress Dowager. The Jihon was to establish peace between the Anti-Christian factions and the Christian leaders. A treaty was formed and signed. The Jihyo was established to restore order among the Anti Christian factions and the locals. Then a final sweep for rebels was underway.

Daisho San Bunsho page’s 232-234 yori
DAI YON SEI

Chugoku Kobushi-Ho Raykuden

CHAPTER 9

CHUGOKU ZENSHU KAISO TOSHITE DARUMA DAI-SHI

(The Chinese Zen Sect started by Daruma the Zen Great

Teacher)
---Daruma and Dharma---

The Chinese Zen sect and its founder Daruma Dai-Shi need to be studied and learned in detail and depth.

This information on the legends and analects are very interesting and important historical wise. The following is a synopsis of events surrounding Daruma starting with the different Zen sects Northern Sung Emperor Kayu during his 6th year of reign (1061) who was an ardent follower of Daruma. This then takes to the year 528 with information dated 20 years before and after this date.

During this time we have the period 317~589 which covers the Nambokucho Jidai its various Zen sects with their beginnings and conclusion as recorded in the Rakuyo (City of Loyang) Garon Ki (Temple Records).

Now onto Zokuko Soden Zen sect (Tang Jokan - 19th year of <645>), then Kodaga Sensei Zen sect (Tang - Emperor Keiun's 3rd year of reign <708>, and Denko Hoki Zen sect (Tang - Emperor Kaigen's 20th year <732>. After the Tang era we have Soko Soden Zen sect who was part of the Northern Sung prosperous peace era during the 13th year of what was known as the Taihei Kohoku <988>, then we have Hoku Sung Zen sect during Kankei's era 7th year <1004>, Denho Seishuki Zen sect Hoku Sung Keiyu's 6th year <1061>. As the legend of Daruma finishes others pick up and carry on he tradition like the Denho Seishuki sect and its founder Dharma and the legend, which led to a priest named Gonsho.

Now we come to the Kanko Shindai. These volumes detail encompass a study on Dharma as is sold by the Iwamani Honya. In these volumes the legend of Dharma is recounted which number 17. This and another literary selections he Kakubunken should be envied and compared to ensure thorough knowledge base is established in order to understand who is who and what the background was surrounding these two individuals. There are writings still out detailing lives of Daruma and Dharma who some say were two different persons and others who say they are the same it’s just the way the name was spelled. Daruma, Dharma. There is much historical data on this from the Capitol City of Rakuyo or Loyang Garan (Loyang Temple Records). In these records it mentions Zokuko Soden and Kadoga Sensei and a record of treasures or records on Buddhism.

In these records it defines the last kanji character of Daruma and Dharma's name "Ma". The first Ma means to polish or shine.
After the Sung era it changed to Ma, which means to polish or cultivate which was used after that in all documents. Until recently in the studies of Buddhism and their specific calligraphy styles talks of how to write the name of Daruma or Dharma.

The tendency even before the change was to write Daruma as or as Bodai Daruma as again Bodai Daruma as was written even in India as outlined above but was often written as Onsha.

The Japanese have a habit of writing it in katakana so their is no misunderstanding.
Note: Bodai Daruma in ancient Sanskrit is written as "Ariyan".
---BODAI DHARUMA---
Dharma's birth and death dates are guesses. No one really knows the exact dates. They are close but not accurate. From the early 5th century and up till the beginning of the 6th century most people believe this is the period he lived. It is said that at his birth in the southern skies from the incense bamboo groove King Otei said that there were three people born and that they would come through the big wave silk gate with foreigners from paruchia and they will go to the lands west of India in pursuit of the truth path. In these lands they will meet a strange Asian race with different opinions and conclusions of the truth path and what the meaning of life and death is.

Daruma's name/class was known as Satsuteiri. This class in India was comprised of four ranks Baramon (Brahman), Bushi (Warrior caste), Heimin (Common People), and Dorei (Slaves). The two classes that held any power were the Ozoku (Royalty) and the Bushi (Warrior caste). Of the four the Brahman was of the highest. They were of the priests of religious orders. They held about 80% of the political and governmental sway and 100% percent in the religious arena. Daruma came from this class. He held the highest rank in this class as a Setsuteiri and a graduate of the Buddhahood. His father a King monarch had three sons one of which was Daruma.

His eldest son was Getsusho Tara, the next child was Kotoku Tara, and his third son Bodai Tara or Daruma. His third son was of the strongest stock, tall, lean and smart. Bodai Tara studied under the smartest priests known for their keen insight and wisdom. He was finally called to the court to receive some kind of official status.
He was forty when he was allowed to enter priesthood by his teacher Hanjaku Tara it was then that he changed his name to Daruma.
When reading these documents one must apply the rules of logic, truthfulness in dealing with other people. One can profit from other people as much as the former. Therefore, people always look up to a wise teacher and can gain much by his wisdom. These days a man of high repute like a Buddhist Saint is always looked up to buy common man.
One must always pray for such men to have a long life as this will ensure their place in the Buddhist wheel of life. The Buddhists have many laws. These are passed down from teacher to student in a variety of ways. Those who understand them can profit by them and excel in their lives and help those less fortunate excel in theirs. It was said it was a pleasure to have been in the radiance of the Bodai Daruma upon first meeting or seeing him. There were many writings by Kanko Shindai the prince during the year 1602 about the teachings of Buddhism when it was spoken of as the righteous religion. It was said that when Daruma still held his prince status his name was Bodai Meira, which was eventually changed to Bodai Daruma. This was when he reached the age of 40. He began teaching also at this time. Under him was another priest named Hotei. He got permission from him to teach intermittedly. Hotei had learned from Bodai Daruma the 28th teacher in this line of Buddha's.
Others to be discussed will be Bibashi Butsu, Shiki Butsu, Bishiyaku Butsu, Kuroson Butsu, Kunagomuni Butsu, Kasho Butsu, and Shiyakamuni Butsu. Now in the year 1004 during the Northern Sung reign Hotei eventually became Eitoku Hotei Roku who was the next teacher after Bodai Daruma who was the 28th Buddha.
The following genealogy is presented of the Buddha's:

1. Makakeyo

2. Anan

3. Shonawashu

4. Yuba Ta

5. Teitenka

6. Bishaka

7. Bashumitsu

8. Butsuda Nantei

9. Fukuda Mitsuda

10. Kyosonsha

11. Funayasha

12. Mamei Daishu

13. Kabimara

14. Ryujudaishu

15. Kana Shiba

16. Rako Nata

17. Soka Natei

18. Kasa Sekita

19. Kyuma Rata

20. Shayuta

21. Bashu Hanto

22. Madara

23. Kakurokuna

24. Shishi Sonsha

25. Basha Shita

26. Fujo Mitsutei

27. Hanjakutara

28. Bodai Daruma
Hanjakutara, Daruma's teacher was a very wise man and Daruma was at a loss on how to fill his shoes. Daruma always wanted to be a cultured country person. His actions hereafter had many causes and effects and when he was 68 years old there those who wanted him dead and out of power because of his early enlightenment. He did not care what others thought he was on this earth to do well of others. He wanted for nothing this was what everyone thought was his weakness but it was his strength.

Many people and priests came from far and wide on pilgrimages just to see Daruma. During this time India was a powerful unified country during the 4th century B.C.

Under this unification India had many large enterprises underway to include the development of the Maruruya during the Ocho Dynasty Kigenzen BC 321~184 whose founder was Chiyando Raguputa. India's unification came about around the year 140. This was a time before and after the development of Buddhism. A prince named Goitama Shitsuda Uruta was developing Buddhism at the foot of the Himalya mountain range. Finally around the year 560 BC it finally became fine-tuned enough to disseminate.
One priest during this time Shitsu Dairuta finally became aware of what Buddhism was all about and became aware consciously or achieved nirvana at the age of 29. He finally discarded all wealth and power and all worldly goods and trained for many years before he reached his goal.
But after this many who tried had not succeeded because their bodies could not adapt to the suffering thus they developed a weak spirit or heart. They all lacked something in their training, which did not allow them to enter into this peaceful state and achieve salvation. Their purpose was to guide others onto the way of suffering, sorrow, and grief. Shedding all worldly things and cleansing the mind, body and spirit thru hardship did this. There were some who did just this and reached this state after proper training by the age of 35. Others fell by the way. Many became enlightened wise men. They taught that selflessness was one of the keys to the development of a proper spirit.
He also shed himself of all other desires including carnal desires in order to have enabled him to seek the truth and ultimately nirvana. This he taught to all who came to him, as did Daruma. Next we will look at an individual’s historical perspective on this issue of Daruma, Buddhism, and Shitsu Daruta. Yoshioka Ryuko has published many of his own personnel insights into this religion and Shitsu Daruta. He has also done this in sermon form. His explanatory notes and places will be noted throughout this article.
He states that this religion or way of life has many causes and effects once one treads on this path toward the real truth. Consequently, when one studies this path one cannot be limited to one viewpoint. The truth can be like a multifaceted diamond. One must find the right reflection or view that suits you. Ultimately it’s all the same in the end but the path may be different. Some may find the path on either the conscious or unconscious level. To go beyond this is to place oneself beyond reality. This will lead to a more open outlook and assist one in piercing this complicated veil of Buddhist salvation. One must also shed the idea of social status class or rank. This is important in that one must have is own individual identity not one developed by existing internal or external sources.

Anyone who pursues this path of knowledge will eventually enter into a new world of reality.

With this short explanation there now is a need to explain about Shitsu Daruta his faith and viewpoint. He also thinks like in that he says that all class caste and rank must be either abolished or overlooked. Their ties to a system bind men together. The caste system has its centers as far back as 2000 BC in the Northeast of India during a time of invasions and aggressions by its neighbors the (Aria-Nin). This caste system creation or establishment was developed to better control its people. It is known as the Kaikyu Seido or the Kaikyu system. It had many classes firstly, the Brahamans Ozuko Class, Bushi or Warrior Class, Hyomen or Common Man, and the Dorei no Shikaikyu the Slave Caste. The Brahmans as the Catholic system is a very strict or rigid class order. Its positions strictly regulated. Peoples born into this faith have only one option it’s what you are at birth by position or status. These tenets have been held to for many decades.