Department of anaessthesia

Contact Details

Postal Address: J47 Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, 7925

Telephone: [phone] or 406 6514

Fax: [phone]

E-mail: [e-mail]

Department of Medicine
Research Output
ARTICLES IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS
Aziz, Z.A., Wells, A.U., Bateman, E.D., Copley, S.J., Desai, S.R., Grutters, J.C., Milne, D.G., Phillips, G.D., Smallwood, D., Wiggins, J., Wilsher, M.L. and Hansell, D.M. 2006. Interstitial lung disease: Effects of thin-section CT on clinical decision making. Radiology, 238(2): 725-733.
Badri, M., Cleary, S., Maartens, G., Pitt, J.A., Bekker, L.G., Orrell, C.J. and Wood, R. 2006. When to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa? A South African cost-effectiveness study. Antiviral Therapy, 11: 63-72.
Badri, M., Maartens, G., Mandalia, S., Bekker, L.G., Penrod, J.R., Platt, R.W., Wood, R. and Beck, E.J. 2006. Cost-effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. PLoS Medicine, 3(1): E4.
Barnes, K.I., Little, F., Smith, P.J., Evans, A., Watkins, W.M. and White, N.J. 2006. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine pharmokinetics in malaria: Pediatric dosing implications. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 80(6): 582-596.
Bateman, E.D. 2006. The economic burden of uncontrolled asthma across Europe and the Asia Pacific region: Can we afford to not control asthma? European Respiratory Review, 15: 1-3.
Bateman, E.D., Fairall, L.R., Lombardi, D.M. and English, R.G. 2006. Budesonide/formoterol and formoterol provide similar rapid relief in patients with acute asthma showing refractoriness to salbutamol. Respiratory Research, 7(1): 13.
Bateman, E.D., Izquierdo, J.L., Harnest, U., Hofbauer, P., Magyar, P., Schmid-Wirlitsch, C., Leichtl, S. and Bredenbroker, D. 2006. Efficacy and safety of roflumilast in the treatment of asthma. Annals of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, 96: 679-686.
Bateman, E.D., Jacques, L., Goldfrad, C., Atienza, T., Mihaescu, T. and Duggan, M. 2006. Asthma control can be maintained when fluticasone propionate/salmeterol in a single inhaler is stepped down. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117(3): 563-570.
Bateman, E.D., Karpel, J., Casale, T., Wenzel, S. and Banerji, D. 2006. Ciclesonide reduces the need for oral steroid use in adult patients with severe, persistent asthma. Chest, 129: 1176-1187.
Bekker, L.G., Myer, L., Orrell, C.J., Lawn, S.D. and Wood, R. 2006. Rapid scale-up of a community-based HIV treatment service: Programme performance over 3 consecutive years in Guguletu, South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 96(4): 315-320.
Benatar, S.R. 2006. Bioethics in South Africa. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 15: 239-247.
Benatar, S.R. 2006. Facing ethical challenges in rolling out antiretroviral treatment in resource-poor countries: Comment on "they call it 'patient selection' in Khayelitsha". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 15: 322-330.
Bensimon, C.M. and Benatar, S.R. 2006. Developing sustainability: A new metaphor for progress. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 27(1): 59-79.
Bheekie, A., Bachman, M., Buskens, I., Allen, S., English, R.G., Mayers, P.M., Fairall, L.R., Majara, B.P., Bateman, E.D. and Zwarenstein, M. 2006. The practical approach to lung health in South Africa (PALSA) intervention: Respiratory guideline implementation for nurse trainers. International Nursing Review, 53): 261-268.
Bradley, H., Wiysonge, C.S., Volmink, J.A., Mayosi, B.M. and Opie, L.H. 2006. How strong is the evidence for use of beta-blockers as first-line therapy for hypertension? Systemic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Hypertension, 24: 2131-2141.
Briggs, A.H., Bousquet, J., Wallace, M.V., Busse, W.W., Clark, T.J.H., Pedersen, S.E. and Bateman, E.D. 2006. Cost-effectiveness of asthma control: An economic appraisal of the GOAL study. Allergy, 61(5): 531-536.
Burch, V. and Benatar, S.R. 2006. Rational planning for health care based on observed needs. South African Medical Journal, 96(9): 796-802.
Burch, V., Cueto, J., Adnan, N.A.M., Afolabi, B.B., Ismail, Z., Jafri, W., Olapade-Olaopa, E.O., Otieno-Nyunya, B. and Supe, A. 2006. Accreditation of undergraduate medical training programs: Practices in nine developing countries as compared with the United States. Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice, 19(2): 207-222.
Burch, V., Seggie, J.L. and Gary, N.E. 2006. Formative assessment promotes learning in undergraduate clinical clerkships. South African Medical Journal, 96(5): 430-433.
Burgers, W., Van Harmelen, J.H., Shephard, E.G., Adams, C.H., Mgwebi, T., Bourn, W.R., Hanke, T., Williamson, A.-.L. and Williamson, C. 2006. Design and preclinical evaluation of a multigene human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C DNA vaccine for clinical trial. Journal of General Virology, 87: 399-410.
Cauchi, J.A., Oliff, S., Baumann, U., Mirza, D., Kelly, D.A., Hewitson, J.P., Rode, H., McCulloch, M., Spearman, W. and Millar, A.J.W. 2006. The Budd-Chiari syndrome in children: The spectrum of management. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 41: 1919-1923.
Clausen, T., Romoren, T.I., Ferreira, M., Kristensen, P., Ingstad, B. and Holmboe-ottesen, G. 2006. Chronic diseases and health inequalities in older persons in Botswana (Southern Africa): A national survey. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 9(6): 455-461.
Combrinck, M.I., Willams, J., De Berardinis, M.A., Warden, D., Puopolo, M., Smith, A.D. and Minghetti, L. 2006. Levels of CSF prostaglandin E2, cognitive decline, and survival in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 77: 85-88.
Commerford, P.J. 2006. Rationale and design of ACTIVE: The atrial fibrillation clopidogrel trial with irbesartan for prevention of vascular events. American Heart Journal, 151: 1187-1193.
Commerford, P.J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Acute rheumatic fever. Medicine, 34(6): 239-243.
Commerford, P.J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. An appropriate research agenda for heart disease in Africa. Lancet, 367(9526): 1884-1886.
Corradi, H.R., Corrigall, A.V., Boix, E., Mohan, C.G., Sturrock, E.D., Meissner, P.N. and Acharya, K.R. 2006. Crystal structure of protoporphyrinogen oxidase from Myxococcus xanthus and its complex with the inhibitor acifluorfen. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281(50): 38625-38633.
Dave, J. and Kalula, S.Z. 2006. Preventing fractures in the elderly in GP practice. South African Family Practice, 48(5): 35-41.
Davids, L.M., Corrigall, A.V. and Meissner, P.N. 2006. Mitochondrial targeting of human protoporphyrinogen oxidase. Cell Biology International, 30: 416-426.
Davids, V., Hanekom, W.A., Mansoor, N., Gamieldien, H., Gelderbloem, S.J., Hawkridge, A.J., Hussey, G.D., Hughes, E.J., Soler, J., Murray, R.A., Ress, S.R. and Kaplan, G. 2006. The effect of Bacille Calmette-Guerine vaccine strain and route of administration on induced immune responses in vaccinated infants. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193: 531-536.
Delany-Moretlwe, S., Gray, G.E., Kagee, A., Myer, L., Puren, A., Ramjee, G., Rees, H., Swartz, L. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. AIDS prevention in South Africa. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 23: 13-17.
Den Boon, S., White, N.W., Van Lill, S., Borgdorff, M.W., Verver, S., Lombard, C., Bateman, E.D., Irusen, E., Enarson, D.A. and Beyers, N. 2006. An evaluation of symptom and chest radiographic screening in tuberculosis prevalence surveys. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10(8): 876-882.
Dhanjal, M., Anthony, J., Owen, E.P., Davidson, J.S. and Rayner, B.L. 2006. Association of pre-eclampsia with the R563Q mutation of the ß-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. BJOG – An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006(113): 595-598.
Du Toit, G., Prescott, R.A., Lawrence, P.R., Johar, A., Brown, G., Weinberg, E.G., Motala, C. and Potter, P.C. 2006. Autoantibodies to the high-affinity IgE receptor in children with chronic urticaria. Annals of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, 96(2): 341-344.
Eisman, S. 2006. Pruritic papular eruption in HIV. Dermatologic Clinics, 24: 449-457.
Ekpebegh, C.O. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. A 40 year old woman who developed jaundice during therapy for thyrotoxicosis. PLoS Medicine, 3(1): 42-44.
Ekpebegh, C.O., Ross, I.L. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. Hyperthyroidism - an unusual feature of thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 11(2): 80-83.
English, R.G., Bachman, M., Bateman, E.D., Zwarenstein, M., Fairall, L.R., Bheekie, A., Majara, B.P., Lombard, C., Scherpbier, R. and Ottomani, S.E. 2006. Diagnostic accuracy of an integrated respiratory guideline in identifying patients with respiratory symptoms requiring screening for pulmonary tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 6(22). [Online]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2466/6/22.
Ferreira, M. 2006. HIV/AIDS and older people in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a policy framework. Global Ageing: Issues and Action, 4(2): 56-71.
Ferreira, M. 2006. The differential impact of social-pension income on household poverty alleviation in three South African ethnic groups. Ageing and Society, 26: 337-354.
Ferreira, M. and Kowal, P. 2006. A minimum data set on ageing and older persons in Sub-Saharan Africa: Process and outcome. African Population Studies, 21(1): 19-36.
Gambert, S., Vergely, C., Filomenko, R., Moreau, D., Bettaieb, A., Opie, L.H. and Rochette, L. 2006. Adverse effects of free fatty acid associated with increased oxidative stress in postischemic isolated rat hearts. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 283(1-2): 147-152.
Gaziano, T.A., Weinstein, M.C. and Opie, L.H. 2006. Cardiovascular disease prevention with a multi-drug regimen in the developing world: A cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet, 368: 679-686.
Geffen, L. and Kalula, S.Z. 2006. Common upper respiratory tract problems in the elderly - a guide to clinical diagnosis and prudent prescription. South African Family Practice, 48(5): 20-23.
Goedecke, J.H., Wakes, D.J., Levitt, N.S., Lambert, E.V., Collins, M., Morton, N.M., Andrew, R., Seckl, J.R. and Walker, B.R. 2006. Glucocorticoid metabolism within superficial subcutaneous rather than visceral adipose tissue is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in South African women. Clinical Endocrinology, 65: 81-87.
Holmes, C.B., Wood, R., Badri, M., Zilber, S., Wang, B., Maartens, G., Zheng, H., Lu, Z., Freedberg, A. and Losina, E. 2006. CD4 decline and incidence of opportunistic infections in Cape Town, South Africa: Implications for prophylaxis and treatment. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 42(4): 464-469.
How, O.J., Aasum, E., Severson, D.L., Chan, W.Y.A., Essop, M.F. and Larsen, T.S. 2006. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption reduces cardiac efficiency in diabetic mice. Diabetes, 55: 466-473.
Imrie, H., Connell, J., Freel, M., Mayosi, B.M., Davies, E., Fraser, R., Ingram, M., Cordell, H.J., Farrall, M., Avery, P.J., Watkins, H. and Keavney, B. 2006. Association between aldosterone production and variation in the 11Beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) gene. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 91(12): 5051-5056.
Jaspan, H.B., Berwick, J., Myer, L., Mathews, C., Flisher, A.J., Wood, R. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. Adolescent HIV prevalence, sexual risk, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5): 342-648.
Jessop, S.J. 2006. HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Dermatologic Clinics, 24: 509-520.
Juniper, E.F., Bousquet, J., Abetz, L. and Bateman, E.D. 2006. Identifying "well-controlled" and "not well-controlled" asthma using the Asthma Control Questionnaire. Respiratory Medicine, 100: 616-621.
Kalula, S.Z., De Villiers, L., Ross, K. and Ferreira, M. 2006. Management of older patients presenting after a fall - an accident and emergency department audit. South African Medical Journal, 96(8): 718-721.
Kaplan, N.M. and Opie, L.H. 2006. Controversies in hypertension. Lancet, 367: 168-176.
Khumalo, N.P. 2006. African hair length: The picture is clearer. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 54: 886-888.
Khumalo, N.P., Jessop, S.J. and Ehrlich, R.I. 2006. Prevalence of cutaneous adverse effects of hairdressing. Archives of Dermatology, 142: 377-383.
Khumalo, N.P., Pillay, K., Beighton, P., Wainwright, H.C., Walker, B., Saxe, N.P., Mayosi, B.M. and Bateman, E.D. 2006. Poikiloderma, tendon contracture and pulmonary fibrosis: A new autosomal dominant syndrome? British Journal of Dermatology, 155: 1057-1061.
Kirsch, R., Clarkson, V., Verdonk, R.C., Marais, A.D., Shephard, E.G., Ryffel, B. and De la Mare Hall, P. 2006. Rodent nutritional model of steatohepatitis: Effects of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) and tumor necrosis factor alpha deficiency. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 21(1): 174-182.
Kirsch, R., Pentecost, M., De la Mare Hall, P., Epstein, D., Watermeyer, G. and Friederich, P.W. 2006. Role of colonoscopic biopsy in distinguishing between Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 59: 840-844.
Kirsch, R., Sijtsema, H., Tlali, M., Marais, A.D. and De la Mare Hall, P. 2006. Effects of iron overload in a rat nutritional model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver International, 26(10): 1258-1267.
Koegelenberg, C.F.N., Theron, J., Brundyn, K., Bolliger, C.T., Marais, A.D. and Diacon, A.H. 2006. A patient with a persistent pleural effusion. Respiration, 73(1): 120-123.
Krige, J.E., Kotze, U.K., Bornman, P.C., Shaw, J.M. and Klipin, M. 2006. Variceal recurrence, rebleeding and survival after endoscopic injection with sclerotherapy in 287 alcoholic cirrhotic patients with bleeding esophageal varices. Annals of Surgery, 244: 764-770.
Lacerda, L., Smith, R.M., Opie, L.H. and Lecour, S. 2006. TNFalpha-induced cytoprotection requires the production of free radicals within mitochondria in C92)C(12) myotubes. Life Sciences, 79: 2194-2201.
Lawn, S.D., Bekker, L.G., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L. and Wood, R. 2006. Impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of tuberculosis in a peri-urban community in South Africa: The need for age-specific interventions. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 42(7): 1040-7.
Lawn, S.D., Myer, L., Bekker, L.G. and Wood, R. 2006. Burden of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment programme in sub-Saharan Africa: Impact on treatment outcomes and implications for tuberculosis control. AIDS, 20(12): 1605-12.
Lawn, S.D., Myer, L., Bekker, L.G. and Wood, R. 2006. CD4 cell count recovery among HIV-infected patients with very advanced immunodeficiency commencing antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6: 59.
Lawn, S.D., Myer, L., Harling, G., Orrell, C., Bekker, L.G. and Wood, R. 2006. Determinants of mortality and nondeath losses from an antiretroviral treatment service in South Africa: Implications for program evaluation. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 43(6): 770-776.
Le Riche, M., Burgess, L.J. and Marais, A.D. 2006. Pseudohyponatraemia in a patient with obstructive jaundice. Clinica Chimica Acta, 366: 357-360.
Lecour, S., Owira, P.M.O. and Opie, L.H. 2006. Ceramide-induced preconditioning involves reactive oxygen species. Life Sciences, 78: 1702-1706.
Lecour, S., Van der Merwe, E.L., Opie, L.H. and Sack, M.N. 2006. Ceramide attenuates hypoxic cell death via reactive oxygen species signaling. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 47(1): 158-163.
Lehloenya, R. and Meintjes, G. 2006. Dermatologic manifestations of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Dermatologic Clinics, 24(4): 549-570.
Makaula, S., Adam, T. and Essop, M.F. 2006. Upstream stimulatory factor 1 transactivates the human gene promoter of the cardiac isoform of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 446: 91-100.
Matolweni, L., Bardien, S., Rebello, G., Oppon, E., Munclinger, M., Ramesar, R., Watkins, H. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy type 6 (ARVC6): Support for the locus assignment, narrowing of the critical region and mutation screening of three candidate genes. BMC Medical Genetics, 7(29). [Online]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2350/7/21.
Mayosi, B.M. 2006. A proposal for the eradication of rheumatic fever in our lifetime. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 229-230.
Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Protocols for antibiotic use in primary and secondary prevention of rheumatic fever. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 240.
Mayosi, B.M., Robertson, K.A., Volmink, J., Adebo, W., Akinyore, K., Amoah, A., Bannerman, C., Biesman-Simons, S., Carapetis, J., Cilliers, A. and Commerford, P.J. 2006. The Drakensberg Declaration on the Control of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Africa. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 246.
Mayosi, B.M., Kardos, A., Davies, C.H., Gumedze, F.N., Hovnanian, A., Burge, S. and Watkins, H. 2006. Heterozygous disruption of SERCA2a is not associated with impairment of cardiac performance in man: Implications for SERCA2a as a therapeutic target in heart failure. Heart, 92: 102-109.
Mayosi, B.M., Wiysonge, C.S., Ntsekhe, M., Volmink, J., Gumedze, F.N., Maartens, G., Aje, A., Thomas, B.M., Thomas, K.M., Awotedu, A.A., Thembela, B., Mntla, P., Maritz, F., Blackett, K.N., Nkouonlack, D.C., Burch, V., Rebe, K., Parish, A., Sliwa, K., Vezi, B.Z., Alam, N., Brown, B., Gould, T., Visser, T., Shey, M.S., Magula, N.P. and Commerford, P.J. 2006. Clinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era: The investigation of the management of pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6(2). [Online]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/6/2.
McCulloch, M., Gajjar, P., Spearman, W., Burger, H., Sinclair, P., Savage, L., Morrison, C., Davies, C., Ruysch van Dugteren, G.P.A., Maytham, D., Wiggelinkhuizen, J., Pascoe, M.D., McCurdie, F.J., Pontin, A., Muller, E., Numanoglu, A., Millar, A.J.W., Rode, H. and Khan, D. 2006. Overview of a paediatric renal transplant programme. South African Medical Journal, 96(9): 955-959.
McIlleron, H., Wash, P., Burger, A., Norman, J., Folb, P.I. and Smith, P. 2006. Determinants of Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol pharmacokinetics in a cohort of tuberculosis patients. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50(4): 1170-1177.
Mendelson, M., Hanekom, W.A., Ntutela, S., Vogt, M.C., Steyn, L.M., Maartens, G. and Kaplan, G. 2006. Quantitative and functional differences in peripheral blood myeloid dendritic cells from patients with pleural and with parenchymal lung tuberculosis. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 13(12): 1299-1306.
Micklesfield, L., Levitt, N.S., Dhansay, M.A., Norris, S., Van der Merwe, L. and Lambert, E.V. 2006. Maternal and early life influences on calcaneal ultrasound parameters and metacarpal morphometry in 7- to 9-year-old children. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 24(3): 235-242.
Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Smit, J., Wood, R. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. Design and evaluation of a drama-based intervention to promote voluntary counseling and HIV testing in a South African community. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 33(8): 524-526.
Minghetti, L., Greco, A., Puopolo, M., Combrinck, M.I., Warden, D. and Smith, A.D. 2006. Peripheral reductive capacity is associated with cognitive performance and survival in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 3(4). [Online]. http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/3/1/4.
Moodley, I., Rayner, B.L. and Singh, D. 2006. Losartan appears cost-effective for reducing stroke in people with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine, 10: 94-95.
Nachega, J., Knowlton, A.R., Deluca, A., Schoeman, J.H., Watkinson, L., Efron, A., Chaisson, R.E. and Maartens, G. 2006. Treatment supporter to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected South African adults. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 43(Suppl 1): S127-S133.
Nachega, J.N., Hislop, M., Dowdy, D.W., Lo, M., Omer, S.B., Regensberg, L., Chaisson, R.E. and Maartens, G. 2006. Adherernce to highly active antiretroviral therapy assessed by pharmacy claims predicts survival in HIV-infected South African adults. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology, 43(1): 78-84.
Nattel, S. and Opie, L.H. 2006. Controversies in atrial fibrillation. Lancet, 367: 62-272.
Newton, P.N., Barnes, K.I., Smith, P., Evans, A.C., Chierakul, W., Ruangveerayuth, R. and White, N.J. 2006. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous artesunate in adults with severe falciparum malaria. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 62: 1003-1009.
Nkgudi, B., Robertson, K., Volmink, J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Notification of rheumatic fever in South Africa - evidence for underreporting by health care professionals and administrators. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 206-208.
Obihara, C.C., Kimpin, J.L.L., Gie, R.P., Van Lill, S., Hoekstra, M.O., Marais, B.J., Schaaf, H.S., Lawrence, K., Potter, P.C., Bateman, E.D., Lombard, C. and Beyers, N. 2006. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may protect against allergy in a tuberculosis endemic area. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 36: 70-76.
Omar, H. 2006. Common skin disorders in the elderly. South African Family Practice, 48(5): 29-34.
Opie, L.H., Commerford, P.J. and Gersh, B.J. 2006. Controversies in stable coronary artery disease. Lancet, 367: 69-78.
Opie, L.H., Commerford, P.J., Gersh, B.J. and Pfeffer, M.A. 2006. Controversies in ventricular remodelling. Lancet, 367(9507): 356-367.
Post, F.A., Bekker, L.G., Steyn, L.M., Ryffel, B. and Kaplan, G. 2006. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv differential growth and cytokine/chemokine induction in murine macrophages in vitro. Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research, 26(1): 27-33.
Rawoot, A., Little, F. and Heckman, J. 2006. Risk of malignancy in myasthenia gravis patients exposed to azathioprine therapy for a median period of 3 years. South African Medical Journal, 96(12): 1249-1251.
Rayner, B.L. and Becker, P. 2006. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and ECG left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients in private practices in South Africa. Cardiovascular Journal of South Africa, 17: 245-249.
Rayner, B.L., Trinder, Y., Baines, D., Isaacs, S. and Opie, L.H. 2006. Effect of losartan versus candesartan on uric acid, renal function and fibrinogen in patients with hypertension and hyperuricemia associated with diuretics. American Journal of Hypertension, 19: 208-213.
Razeghi, P., Baskin, K.S., Sharma, S., Young, M.E., Stepkowski, S., Essop, M.F. and Taegtmeyer, H. 2006. Atrophy, hypertrophy, and hypoxemia induce transcriptional regulators of the ubiquitin proteasome system in the rat heart. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 342: 361-364.
Robertson, K.A., Volmink, J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Towards a uniform plan for the control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Africa - the Awareness Surveillance Advocacy Prevention (ASAP) Programme. South African Medical Journal, 96(3): 241-245.
Schaars, C.F., Meintjes, G., Morroni, C., Post, F.A. and Maartens, G. 2006. Outcome of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis initially treated with 200 mg/day or 400 mg/day of fluconazole. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6(118). [Online]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/6/118.
Seedat, Y.K., Croasdale, M.A., Milne, F.J., Opie, L.H., Pinkney-Atkinson, V.J. and Rayner, B.L. 2006. South African Hypertension Guideline 2006. South African Medical Journal, 96(4): 337362.
Seggie, J.L. and Burch, V. 2006. The power of patient-side teaching - still of benefit to student and patient. South African Medical Journal, 96(5): 424-426.
Semple, P.L., Fieggen, A.G., Parkes, J. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. Giant prolactinomas in adolescence: An uncommon cause of blindness. Child's Nervous System, 23(2): 213-217.
Simpson, J.A., Agbenyega, T., Barnes, K.I., Di Perri, G., Folb, P.I., Gomes, M., Krishna, S., Krudsood, S.A., Looareesuwan, S., Mansor, S., Mcilleron, H., Miller, R., Molyneux, M., Mwenechanya, J., Navaratnam, V., Nosten, F., Olliaro, P., Pang, L. and Ribeiro, I. 2006. Population pharmacokinetics of Artesunate and Dihydroartemisin in following intra-rectal dosing of artesunate in malaria patients. PLoS Medicine, 3(11): 2113-2123.
Smedema, E., Mayosi, B.M. and Smedema, J.P. 2006. Hydatid disease - the "water lily" sign. South African Medical Journal, 96(10): 1042-1043.
Smit, J., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Bekker, L.G. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research in a peri-urban South African community. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 17: 1-5.
Smit, J., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Seedat, S., Wood, R., Stein, D.J. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. Sexual risk factors associated with volunteering for HIV vaccine research in South Africa. AIDS Care, 18: 569-573.
Smit, J., Myer, L., Middelkoop, K., Seedat, S., Wood, R., Bekker, L.G. and Stein, D.J. 2006. Mental health and sexual risk behaviours in a South African township: A community-based cross-sectional study. Public Health, 120(6): 534-42.
Smit, J., Van den Berg, C.E., Bekker, L.G., Stein, D.J. and Seedat, S. 2006. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a mental health battery in an African setting. African Health Sciences, 6: 215 - 222.
Spearman, W., McCulloch, M., Millar, A.J.W., Burger, H., Numanoglu, A., Goddard, E., Gajjar, P., Davies, C., Muller, E., McCurdie, F.J., Kemm, D., Cywes, S., Rode, H. and Kahn, D. 2006. Liver transplantation at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. South African Medical Journal, 96(9): 960-963.
Sreenivasan, G. and Benatar, S.R. 2006. Challenges for global health in the 21st century: Some upstream considerations. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 27(1): 3-11.
Thomas, J.M., McCulloch, M., Spearman, W., Butt, A.D. and Numanoglu, A. 2006. A practical approach to anaesthesia for paediatric liver transplantation. Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 12(3): 11-15.
Timm, J., Kurepina, N., Kreiswirth, B.N., Post, F.A., Walther, G., Wainwright, H.C., Bekker, L.G., Kaplan, G. and Mckinney, J.D. 2006. A multidrug-resistant, acr1-deficient clinical isolate of Mycobacerium tuberculosis is unimpaired for replication in macrophages. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193: 1703-10.
Tipping, B. and De Villiers, L. 2006. Pneumonia in the elderly - diagnosis and treatment in general practice. South African Family Practice, 48(5): 24-28.
Tipping, B., De Villiers, L., Candy, S. and Wainwright, H.C. 2006. Stroke caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated intracranial large-vessel aneurysmal vasculopathy. Archives of Neurology, 63: 1640-1642.
Tipping, B., Kalula, S.Z. and Badri, M. 2006. The burden and risk factors for adverse drug events in older patients - a prospective cross-sectional study. South African Medical Journal, 96(12): 1255-1259.
Todd, G. 2006. Adverse cutaneous drug eruptions and HIV: A clinician's global perspective. Dermatologic Clinics, 24: 459-472.
Tuunanen, H., Engblom, E., Naum, A., Nagren, K., Hesse, B., Airaksinen, K.E., Nuutila, P., Iozzo, P., Ukkonen, H., Opie, L.H. and Knuuti, J. 2006. Free fatty acid depletion acutely decreases cardiac work and efficiency in cardiomyopathic heart failure. Circulation, 114: 2130-2137.
Van der Graaf, A., Nierman, M.C., Firth, J.C., Wolmarans, K.H., Marais, A.D. and De Groot, E. 2006. Efficacy and safety of fluvastatin in children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Acta Paediatrica, 95(11): 1461-1466.
Van der Merwe, S.W., Conradia, M.M., Bond, R., Olivier, B.J., Fritz, E., Nieuwoudt, M., Delport, R., Slavik, T., Engelbrecht, G.H.C., Kahn, D., Shephard, E.G., Kotze, M., De Villieres, N. and Hough, S. 2006. Effect of rapamycin on hepatic osteodystrophy in rats with portasystemic shunting. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 12(28): 4504-4510.
Wallis, L.A., Gottschalk, S.B., Wood, D., Bruijns, S., De Vries, S. and Balfour, C.H. 2006. The Cape Triage Score - a triage system for South Africa. South African Medical Journal, 96(1): 53-56.
Wilkins, J., Langdon, G., McIlleron, H., Pillai, G.C., Smith, P. and Simonsson, U.S.H. 2006. Variability in the population pharmacokinetics of pyrazinamide in South African tuberculosis patients. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 62: 727-735.
Wilmshurst, J., Blockman, M., Argent, A.C., Gordon-Graham, E., Thomas, J.M., Whitelaw, A.C., McCulloch, M., Ramiah, M., Dyeshana, H. and Ireland, J.D. 2005. Leaving the party - withdrawal of South African essential medicines. South African Medical Journal, 95(5): 419.
Wilson, D.P.K., Nachega, J.N., Morroni, C., Chaisson, R.E. and Maartens, G. 2006. Diagnosing smear-negative tuberculosis using case definitions and treatment response in HIV-infected adults. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 10(1): 31-38.
Yellon, D.M. and Opie, L.H. 2006. Postconditioning for protection of the infarcting heart. Lancet, 367: 456-458.
Yoon, D.Y., Scott, K., Hill, M.N., Levitt, N.S. and Lambert, E.V. 2006. Review of three tests of motor proficiency in children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102(2): 543-551.
Yusuf, S., Mehta, S.R., Bassand, J.P., Budaj, A., Ntshekhe, M. and Chrolavicius, S. 2006. Comparison of fondaparinux and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes. New England Journal of Medicine, 354: 464-476.
Zar, H.J., Langdon, G., Apolles, P.C., Eley, B.S., Hussey, G.D. and Smith, P. 2006.

Oral trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole levels in stable HIV-infected children. South African Medical Journal, 96(7): 627-629.

Zungu, M., Felix, R. and Essop, M.F. 2006. Wy-14,643 and fenofibrate inhibit mitochondrial respiration in isolated rat cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondrion, 6: 315-322.

CHAPTERS IN BOOKS
Benatar, S.R. 2006. Economics of health in South Africa: Past, present and future. In A. Carmi and D. Nachshon (eds), Medical law 1980-2005: Look back with a view to the future: 249-262. Israel: Yozmot Publishing Ltd.
Benatar, S.R. 2006. Ethics and public health: A view from the South. In J.R. Texidor (ed.), Public health: The challenges of a new century: 93-100. Spain: Fundacion BBVA.
Benatar, S.R. 2006. Global health ethics: The rationale for mutual caring. In B. Bennett (ed.), Health, rights and globalization: 107-138. UK: Ashgate Press.
Benatar, S.R. 2006. South Africa's transition in a globalising world: HIV/AIDS as a window and a mirror. In B. Bennett (ed.), Health, rights and globalization: 347-375. UK: Ashgate Press.
Connor, M. and Bryer, A. 2006. Stroke in South Africa. In J.M. Fourie, N. Temple and K. Steyn (eds), Chronic diseases of lifestyle in South Africa: 1995-2005: 195-204. Cape Town: SA Medical Research Council.
Levitt, N.S., Lambert, E.V. and Norris, S. 2006. Early life origins of adult chronic diseases: A South African perspective. In J.M. Fourie, N. Temple and K. Steyn (eds), Chronic diseases of lifestyle in South Africa 1995-2005: 58-64. Cape Town: SA Medical Research Council.
Mollentze, W.F. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in South Africa. In J.M. Fourie, N. Temple and K. Steyn (eds), Chronic diseases of lifestyle in South Africa: 1995-2005: 109-121. Cape Town: Sa Medical Research Council.
Opie, L.H. 2006. Calcium channel blockers: Controversies, lessons and outcomes. In R.A. O'Rourke, V. Fuster and W. Alexander (eds), Hypertension, companion to Brenner & Rector's The Kidney, 2nd Edition: 408-415. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
Steyn, K. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. Health services research in South Africa for chronic diseases of lifestyle. In J.M. Fourie, N. Temple and K. Steyn (eds), Chronic diseases of lifestyle in South Africa: 1995-2005: 226-248. Cape Town: SA Medical Research Council.

Peer-Reviewed Published Conference Proceedings
Brown, S.L., De Jager, D., Wood, R. and Rivett, U.K. 2006. A pharmacy stock control management system to effectively monitor and manage patients on ART. Proceedings of the 4th IEE Seminar on Appropriate Healthcare Technologies for Developing Countries, 23-24 May 2006, London, United Kingdom, 29-35. ISBN 0-86341-633-0.
Spottiswoode, B., Spottiswoode, B.S., Zhong, X., Lorenz, C.H., Mayosi, B.M., Meintjes, E.M. and Epstein, F.H. 2006. Motion-guided segmentation of the left ventricle for cine DENSE MRI. Proceedings of the 14th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), 6-12 May 2006, Seattle, Washington, USA, 794. ISSN 1545-4428. [CD-ROM].
Spottiswoode, B., Spottiswoode, B.S., Zhong, X., Patel, R.A., Helm, P.A., Mayosi, B.M., Kramer, C.M., Meintjes, E.M. and Epstein, F.H. 2006. Measuring LV-RV interventricular dyssynchrony using cine DENSE MRI. Proceedings of the 14th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), 6-12 May 2006, Seattle, Washington, USA, 148. ISSN 1545-4428. [CD-ROM].

Non Peer-Reviewed Published Conference Proceedings
Bekker, L.G., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Lawn, S.D., Grant, A.D., Kaplan, G. and Wood, R. 2006. Undiagnosed culture positive tuberculosis in a periurban community in South Africa. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, CDB0250.
Bekker, L.G., Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Whitelaw, A.C., Grant, A.D., Kaplan, G., Lawn, S.D. and Wood, R. 2006. Prevalence of HIV and Undiagnosed Tuberculosis in a Peri-urban Community in South Africa. Proceedings of Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Denver, Colorado, USA, 69.
Lawn, S.D., Myer, L., Bekker, L.G. and Wood, R. 2006. Prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis in an antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme in South Africa: risk factors and impact on ART outcomes. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, MOPE0175.
Lawn, S.D., Myer, L., Harling, G., Orrell, C., Bekker, L.G. and Wood, R. 2006. Evaluation of mortality and other programme losses in a community-based antiretroviral programme in South Africa. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, THPE0191.
Middelkoop, K., Myer, L., Mthimunye, S., Smit, J., Wood, R. and Bekker, L.G. 2006. High HIV incidence and retention rates within an HIV vaccine preparedness cohort in Cape Town, South Africa. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, MOPE0423.
Mohammed, A., Myer, L., Ehrlich, R.I., Wood, R., Cilliers, F. and Maartens, G. 2006. Randomized controlled trial of isoniazid preventive therapy, administered by patient-nominated supervisors, in advanced HIV disease. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, MOPE0185.

PUBLISHED CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Bryer, A., Tipping, B. and De Villiers, L. 2006. Health in transition: stroke profile in a South African urban population. International Journal of Stroke, 1(Suppl 1): 29.
Chalmers, D.A., Williams, H.C., Todd, G., Saxe, N.P., Milne, J., Tolosana, S., Ngcelwane, P.N., Hlaba, B.N., Mngomeni, L.N. and Nonxuba, T.G. 2006. Validation of the United Kingdom Working Party diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema in an African setting. British Journal of Dermatology, 155(Supplement 1) : 5.
Colven, R. and Todd, G. 2006. A teledermatology network for undeserved areas of South Africa. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 4(11): 1001.
Dawson, R., Condos, R., Lucke, W., Ress, S.R., Raju, B., Bateman, E.D. and Rom, W.N. 2006. Randomized clinical trial of aerosol or subcutaneous interferon gamma plus DOTS alone for cavitary tuberculosis: early results. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 3 (April) : A745.
De Villiers, L., Kalula, S.Z. and Burch, V. 2006. Can a multidisciplinary Stroke Unit function in Sub-Saharan Africa? International Journal of Stroke, 1(Suppl 1): 25.
De Villiers, L., Kalula, S.Z., Bryer, A. and Ferreira, M. 2006. Stroke outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Stroke, 1(Suppl 1): 25.
Epstein, D., Dave, J., Albaquerque-Jonathan, G., Levitt, N.S., Watermeyer, G., Fataar, A.B. and Metz, D.C. 2006. Vertebral fracture risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. South African Medical Journal, 96(8): 738.
Epstein, D., Watermeyer, G., Hlatshwayo, S., Levin, D. and Winter, T.A. 2006. Immunosuppression therapy for ulcerative colitis at Groote Schuur Hospital. South African Medical Journal, 96 (8): 730.
Ferreira, M. 2006. Ageing in Africa in the 21st Century: Challenges and opportunities for adjustment. Gerontology, June 26-30: 386-387.
Ferreira, M. 2006. HIV/AIDS and older people in Africa: What policies and provisions? International Federation on Ageing (IFA) 8th Global Conference 30 May - 2 June: 122.
Jeebhay, M., Robins, T., Malo, J.L., Lin, X., Seixas, N., Lehrer, S., Bateman, E.D., Baatjies, R., Miller, M., George, D., Russford, E., Smuts, M. and Lopata, A.L. 2006. Risk factors for occupational allergy and asthma among fish processing workers in South Africa. Conference on Research on workplace health and safety: from the core to the margins - mini symposium on occupational allergy and asthma among seafood processing workers.Memorial University, St Johns, Newfoundland / Labrador, Canada, June 2006. Abstract and invited speaker.
Kalula, S.Z. 2006. Challenges of a memory clinic in an African country. The International Federation on Ageing (IFA) 8th Global Conference 30 May - 2 June 2006: 93.
Kalula, S.Z., De Villiers, L., Ross, K. and Ferreira, M. 2006. Challenges of access to and assessment in a Memory Clinic in a developing country. Gerontology, 26-30 June: 642.
Levin, D., Mohamed, N., Watermeyer, G., Epstein, D., Hlatshwayo, S. and Metz, D.C. 2006. A quality assurance evaluation of a locally produced rapid urease test (RUT) for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Cape Town. South African Medical Journal, 96(8): 734.
Levin, D., Watermeyer, G., Hlatshwayo, S., Epstein, D., Bardham, K.D. and Metz, D.C. 2006. Age and alarm symptoms as an indication for endoscopy in a resource limited environment. Gastroenterology, 130(4): A627.
Semple, P.L., Brauns, C., Dawson, R., Bateman, E.D., Krensky, A.M., Condos, R., Rom, W.N. and Ress, S.R. 2006. Impact of DOTS and IFN-gamma on cytolytic mediator expression in pulmonary TB. Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society 3 (April): A219.
Shaw, J.M., Bornman, P.C., Callanan, M.D. and Metz, M.D. 2006. Longterm (6 year) outcome of Laparascopic Nissen and Toupet Fundoplication. Gasteroenterol, 130(2): A-878.
Spottiswoode, B., Spottiswoode, B.S., Zhong, X., Lorenz, C.H., Meintjes, E.M., Mayosi, B.M. and Epstein, F.H. 2006. Tracking 3D Myocardial motion using slice-followed Cine-DENSE . Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 8(1): Page 80. Abstract # 187.
Tipping, B., De Villiers, L., Candy, S., Wainwright, H.C. and Bryer, A. 2006. Vasculopathy in HIV infected patients with stroke. International Journal of Stroke, 1(Suppl 1): 39-40.
Wiysonge, C.S., Ntshekhe, M., Gumedze, F.N., Maartens, G., Volmink, J., Commerford, P.J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Excess mortality in presumed tuberculous pericarditis. European Heart Journal, 27: 958.

THESES AND DISSERTATIONS PASSED FOR HIGHER DEGREES
English, R.G. 2006. The development and validation of a respiratory guideline for nurses in primary care in South Africa: 1-297. PhD.
Ntsekhe, M. 2006. The investigation of the management of tuberculous pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) project: rationale, designe and baseline characteristics of participants in a multicentre registry of suspected tuberculous pericarditis: 1-30. MPhil.

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS AND WORKS OF A POPULAR NATURE
Adams, B.K., Mann, M.D., Aboo, A., Isaacs, S. and Evans, A.C. 2006. The effects of sorbitol on gastric emptying half-times and small intestinal transit after drug overdose (letter). American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24: 130-138.
Blackhurst, D.M. and Marais, A.D. 2006. Uitwerking van alkoholverbruik op gesondheid: oorsig. Wineland July 2006: 65-66.
Commerford, P.J. 2006. Optimal revascularisation. South African Heart Journal, July 2006: 5-10.
Commerford, P.J. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Acute rheumatic fever. Medicine 34: 239-243.
Ferreira, M. 2006. Geriatric medicine in South Africa - a Cinderella subspecialty? South African Family Practice 48 (5): 35-41.
Isiavwe, A.R., Ross, I.L., Duffield, M., Semple, P.L. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. An unusual case of acromegaly. Case report. CME 24 (9): 533-534.
Kies, B.M. 2006. First time seizures. MIMS Disease Review: 374-377.
Kies, B.M. 2006. How to perform a brief, appropriate neurological examination. South African Family Practice Manual: 40-42.
Majikela-Dlangamandla, C., Isiavwe, A.R. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. Diabetes monitoring in developing countries. Diabetes Voice 51 (November): 28-31.
Mamabolo, R.L., Alberts, M., Steyn, N.P. and Levitt, N.S. 2006. The effect of maternal glucose metabolism, iron, vitamin B12 and folate status on pregnancy outcomes. SAJCN 19 (3): 120-130.
Mayosi, B.M. 2006. The Colleges of Medicine of South Africa marks 50 years of excellence in postgraduate medical and dental education. Transactions ofthe Colleges of Medicine of South Africa 50 (1): 28.
Mayosi, B.M. 2006. The right medicine. Financial Mail 5 May 2006: 34.
Ntsekhe, M. and Mayosi, B.M. 2006. Infectious diseases of the heart. CME 24: 189-193.
Raal, F.J. and Marais, A.D. 2006. Adoption of the European Guidelines to cardivascular prevention in clinical practice - guide to lipid management. South African Heart Journal 3 (July supplement): 3.
Rayner, B.L. 2006. Angiotensin receptor blockers in cardiovascular disease. MIMS Disease Review, 41: 42a-43a.
Rayner, B.L. 2006. Hypertension lifestyle management. Modern Medicine, 31: 70-72.
Semple, P.L., Ross, I.L., Duffield, M., Levitt, N.S. and Isiavwe, A.R. 2006. An unusual case of acromegaly. CME, 24(9): 533-534.

Online Works
Rayner, B.L. 2006. La evaluacion de la lesion de organo blanco por radiografia de torax en pacientes hipertensos es un metodo costoefectivo (The chest radiograph: an underutilised investigation in hypertensive patients). http://www.siicsalud.com/dato/dat049/06818007.htm.

EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT WORK
Connor, M. and Bryer, A. 2006. Stroke in South Africa. In: Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle in South Africa 1995-2005. SA Medical Research Council. Dept of Neurology, UCT.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Research Report 2006
Head of Department: Professor Zephne M. van der Spuy
Departmental Profile
Our Mission Statement

1. 
   • To provide high quality care to all women seeking our services
   
2. 
   • To foster a climate of intellectual enquiry
   
3. 
   • To pursue excellence in research at every level of care
   
4. 
   • To help create a world-class African University
   

Within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, research programmes are undoubtedly informed by the clinical services which we provide. Given that we have no in-house laboratory facilities, most of our research is clinically based and laboratory research depends on collaboration with colleagues in other disciplines. Our programme is divided into the sub-specialist areas of our discipline – Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Gynaecological Oncology, Reproductive Medicine and Urogynaecology. Our Obstetric Service is managed though the Peninsula Maternal and Neonatal Service (PMNS) which triages patients into the appropriate level of care and is regarded internationally as a model of maternity care for under-resourced areas. There are enormous opportunities for research within the PMNS, which are often not exploited to the full, simply because of the lack of capacity. The clinical workload has grown exponentially over the past five years and undoubtedly we do not have adequate staff to deal with the clinical challenges or to expand these into the research programme. The Gynaecology Service is under-resourced throughout the Western Cape. Some of our research programmes are particularly innovative and pay attention to the needs in under-resourced areas of Women’s Health.

Staffing
Somerset Hospital has had a deficit in consultant staffing over the past two years. There was a brief period at the beginning of 2006 when the hospital was fully staffed but since Dr Sarah Caukwell’s resignation at the end of May 2006, Dr Greg Petro, who is Head of the Department at Somerset Hospital, and Dr Tham Matinde have run this service with limited additional sessional input. Despite the staffing problems they have continued with a very well-presented student programme and we look forward to improvement in staffing in 2007.
In the past year Dr Femi Olarogun was absent from the Department on sabbatical, vacational and unpaid leave for six months. He found his attachment in New Zealand very rewarding and returned to the Department at the beginning of November. Dr Gary Miles resigned from his post in Urogynaecology, with effect from the end of November 2006, and we are currently interviewing candidates for this post. The PMO post at Mowbray Maternity Hospital was vacated by Dr Nopasika Pinzi, who transferred to the East London Group of Hospitals, and in her place Dr Adam Ciesielski has been appointed. He has considerable experience of community obstetrics and over the past year has helped grow and develop the protocols within our service.
Dr Arthur Nongauza who has headed the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Wynberg Military Hospital for the past few years has recently relocated to Canada and Dr Liz van Wyk is Acting Head of Department. She and her consultant colleagues, Dr Ferial Abdurahman and Dr Shirley MacPherson, contribute to our training and academic programme for both under- and post-graduate students and we are most appreciative of their input.
Our supernumerary registrars join us from both Africa and further afield. In the past year we have had registrars from Switzerland, Australia, Malawi, Nigeria, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Undoubtedly they help us expand our training and teaching platform and contribute significantly to the registrar rotation. The regulations for the Part II examination of the FCOG have been changed and all the registrars will now have to complete a single dissertation, equivalent to the M.Med Part III which will place an extra load on their supervisors. They have always had to produce two commentaries and the present regulations seem to be more goal-directed and undoubtedly will be more productive and, hopefully, more satisfying for the registrars concerned.
A number of staff are employed within the various research projects and they contribute enormously to this aspect of Departmental life. Their meticulous execution of research protocols and numerous contributions to our academic life should be acknowledged and appreciated. Our Department is particularly privileged to have invaluable input from our administrative, secretarial and support staff. They support all our activities and their contributions are appreciated.
This year there have been a number of achievements among the academic staff in our Department. Professor Lynette Denny received the Department of Science and Technology award for Distinguished Scientist, Improving the Quality of Life of Women. She has also been appointed as the Co-Chair elect of the FIGO Gynaecology Oncology Committee. This is a very important committee which has an international impact. She has received a significant donation towards her research programme from Graham Beck and this will allow her to continue with her research into cervical cancer and HPV.
Professor Zephne van der Spuy has been elected President of the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa and takes up office in May 2007. She will be the second woman elected to this office in the past 52 years.
Dr Silke Dyer was awarded the degree, PhD, for a dissertation entitled “Infertility In The Public Health Care System in South Africa: Patients’ Experiences, Reproductive Health Knowledge and Treatment Seeking Behaviour”. This research has already generated a number of important publications and has also informed the way we treat patients. Dr George Draper was awarded the MPhil in Education with distinction in the thesis. He has contributed a great deal to our educational process and continues in these developments in our Department. His expertise is particularly important, given the demands of the new curriculum. Dr Femi Olarogun was awarded the M.Med (O&G) after completing a dissertation on the impact of weight loss on lipid profiles in women with PCOS.
We are very fortunate in that the Dean continued to support the appointment of Dr Athol Kent as a part-time senior lecturer in our Department. He is specifically tasked with assisting us in developing our new curriculum and our assessment processes and it is hoped that his appointment will continue at least for the next few years.
In 2006 Drs Boshi Mohlala, Zethu Mtimkulu and Tebogo Deo passed the FCOG Part II examination in September. In addition a number of our registrars were successful in the Part I examination. During 2006 Dr Clive Hastings, Dr Michael Kleyn, Dr Garish Mohlaba, Dr Claitos Chidakwa, Dr Marinus Cloete, Dr Catherine Elliott,Dr Debra Nage, Dr Julie van den Berg, and Dr Pierre van Greunen were successful in the Part I examination.
Research
Research within our Department includes the studies undertaken by Dr Dyer investigating the experiences of couples suffering from infertility, the work on cervical carcinoma and the role of HPV by Professor Lynette Denny and research into contraceptive and interceptive studies by Professor Zephne van der Spuy. In addition, the Reproductive Medicine Unit is involved in a large programme on the genetics of benign gynaecological conditions in collaboration with the University of Oxford and studies of micronutrients impacting on reproductive disorders in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Hull.
Dr Mitch Besser has developed services for supporting and managing pregnant women who are HIV positive and these contribute to their well being after delivery. These services have achieved international recognition and in the past year he has visited the White House and represented the USA at the UN in the AIDS debates. Professor Susan Fawcus is now a national assessor for the Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Mortality and Professor John Anthony is a regional assessor. Professor Ed Coetzee has had a number of articles accepted for publication in diabetic journals and has been invited to present his work at a number of international fora over the past year.
Those who elect to work in academic practice do so because they enjoy teaching and training and they wish to do research. The service requirements which are presently imposed on all members of our staff and the relatively poor staff to student ratio in Obstetrics and Gynaecology impact negatively on academic development and achievements. Research, teaching, training and clinical service are interwoven and excellence in all these areas is essential if we are to serve the women who access our care.
The developments within our Department in the area of research demonstrate a recognition of the needs of women we see and an attempt to improve the health of women in South Africa, Africa and beyond. Unfortunately academic staff often do not have adequate time to undertake research and, as a consequence, we do not exploit the opportunities which are available within our service. The very difficult environment in which we work, with constant budgetary restraints and cutbacks in clinical service, with inadequate staffing allocations and with limited time for academic pursuits, impacts on research productivity. The fact that our Department continues to develop our programmes, despite this environment, is a tribute to the enthusiasm and the commitment of many of the members of staff.

Departmental Statistics
Permanent, part-time and long-term contract staff

Professors (UCT& PGWC)	2
Associate Professors (PGWC)	3
Senior Lecturers (PGWC)	6
Lecturers (PGWC)	7
Visiting Senior Lecturers/Lecturers & Medical Officers Part-time (PGWC)	33
Research Staff	10
Technical Support Staff (PGWC)	4
Administrative, departmental assistants and Clerical staff (PGWC & UCT)	12
Total	77

Honorary staff

Honorary Professors	1
Emeritus Professors	2
Emeritus Associate Professors	2
Honorary Senior Lecturers	11
Honorary Lecturers	4
TOTAL	20

Students

Postdoctoral	2
Doctoral	0
Registrars (including supernumeraries)	35
Undergraduates	690
TOTAL	727

Research Fields and Staff
Professor Zephne van der Spuy

Contraceptive and interceptive development; polycystic ovary syndrome; reproductive failure; endocrine dysfunction in pregnancy; the menopause and hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and reproductive health; the genetics of benign gynaecological conditions

Professor John Anthony

Study of the determinants of peripartum cardiomyopathy (together Department of Medicine); study of primary hyperaldosteronism in women with pregnancy hypertension (together with Department of Medicine); Thrombophilia in women with thromboembolic disease

Professor Mitch Besser

HIV in pregnancy

Professor Edward Coetzee

Fetal ultrasound and diabetes; prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Professor Lynette Denny

Cervical cancer prevention in low resource settings; natural history of cervical cancer and cervical cancer precursors in HIV positive women; clinical trials in the surgical and chemotherapeutic and/or radiotherapeutic management of women with cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer; prevention and management of sexual violence against women; use of anti-retroviral medication to prevent HIV transmission in survivors of sexual assault

Dr George Draper

Research into medical education with particular focus on the reflective writing of students, situated learning and the use of qualitative research methodologies; situated learning and computer based education

Dr Silke Dyer

Infertility; psychosocial implications of childlessness, ovarian reserve testing and menopause; HIV and infertility

Professor Susan Fawcus

Maternal mortality; perinatal mortality; intrapartum asphyxia; magnesium supplementation in pregnancy; Better Birthing Initiative

Dr Athol Kent

Medical education

Dr Nomathamsanqa Matebese

Reproductive medicine

Dr Nomonde Mbatani

Uterine sarcomas, gynaecological oncology

Dr Tham Matinde

Decision delivery/interval in emergency caesarean sections

Dr Mushi Matjila

Fetal anomalies, use of enzyme inhibition for contraception

Dr Gary Miles

Gynaecological hysteroscopy, pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence

Dr Femi Olarogun

Ovarian reserve in infertile women; metabolic indices in polycystic ovarian syndrome, reproductive failure

Dr Greg Petro

Implementation of clinical guidelines in obstetric practice; protocols for early pregnancy complications

Dr Leann Schoeman

High risk obstetrics, audit of cardiac disease

Dr Chantal Stewart

Preterm labour; pre-term premature membrane rupture, ultrasound, post-natal depression; fetal anomalies

VISITORS

1. 
   • Mitch Besser had met Mrs Laura Bush at the White House in Washington with representatives of the Mothers 2 Mothers program and she visited the MOU’s in Cape Town in March 2006.
   

1. 
   • Dr Julian Jenkins from the Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Michael’s Hospital. Bristol visited the Department in January (26^th)
   
2. 
   
   
3. 
   • Professor Thomas Wright Jr, MD, Gynaecological Pathologist from Columbia University in New York visited our Gynaecological Oncology Unit in January 2006.
   
4. 
   
   
5. 
   • German Fertility Society delegates attended the Ferring Fertility Conference in Cape Town and visited the Department on 24^th and 25^th January 2006.
   
6. 
   
   
7. 
   • Professor Debbie Murdoch-Eaton, Leeds University, UK presented at the Consultant Bosberaad on 3rd February 2006.
   
8. 
   
   
9. 
   • Dr Benzi Cohan, Advanced Women’s Healthcare Institute, Dallas, Texas, spent three months in Department from February 2006, lectured and held a Hysteroscopy Workshop on 31 March for full-time and part-time staff.
   

10. 
    • Prof Wulf Utian, MacDonald Hospital for Women, Cleveland, Ohio; lectured in the Department during March 2006.
    

11. 
    • Professor Ian Fraser, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney visited the department in April 2006.
    

12. 
    • Professor Rienck Offringa, Virologist from University of Leiden, Netherlands research collaboration with Prof Denny in the Gynaecological Oncology Unit in April 2006.
    

13. 
    • Dr Jan Bradley, Engender-Health, New York research collaboration with Prof Denny in the Gynaecological Oncology Unit in April 2006.
    

14. 
    • Professor Louise Kuhn PhD, Gertrude H Serievsky Center, Columbia University in New York for research collaboration with the Gynaecological Oncology Unit in May and September 2006.
    

15. 
    • The Gynaecological Club of Great Britain and Ireland visited the Department in October 2006. They visited our clinical sites and participated in our combined academics programme with the University of Stellenbosch.
    

16. 
    • Professor Peter Soothill, Professor of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom presented the Cuthbert Crichton Lecture at the Department Research Day in November and also presented at the Refresher Course in December 2006. He spent 3 weeks in the Department and participated in the activities of the Fetal Medicine Unit.
    

17. 
    • Professor Philip Steer visiting expert from Imperial College, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London visited our Department from 28^th November until 17^th December. He participated in the Refresher Course and ran 5 CTG Workshops. He also attend Departmental clinical activities.
    

18. 
    • Professor Catherine Matthews from Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, United States of America was one of the international speakers at the Departmental Refresher Course in December 2006.
    

Research Output
ARTICLES IN PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS
Allan, B.R., Marais, D.J., Denny, L.A., Hoffman, M., Shapiro, S. and Williamson, A.-L. 2006. The agreement between cervical abnormalities identified by cytology and detection of high-risk types of human papillomavirus. South African Medical Journal, 96(11): 1186-1190.
Denny, L.A. 2006. Cervical cancer: The South African perspective. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 95(Supplement I): S211-S214.
Denny, L.A. and Ngan, H. 2006. Malignant manifestations of HPV infection Carcinoma of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus and penis. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 94(Supplement 1): S50-S55.
Denny, L.A. and Sankaranarayanan, R. 2006. Secondary prevention of cervial cancer. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 94(Supplement 1): S65-S70.
Denny, L.A., Quinn, M. and Sankaranarayanan, R. 2006. Chapter 8: Screening for cervical cancer in developing countries. Vaccine, 24S3: S3/71-S3/77.
Dhanjal, M., Anthony, J., Owen, E.P., Davidson, J.S. and Rayner, B.L. 2006. Association of pre-eclampsia with the R563Q mutation of the ß-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel. BJOG – An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2006(113): 595-598.
Marais, D.J. Sampson, C., Jeftha, A., Dhaya, D., Passmore, J.S., Denny, L.A., Rybicki, E.P., Van der Walt, E., Stephen, L.X.G. and Williamson, A.-L. 2006. More men than women make mucosal IgA antibodies to Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) and HPV-18: a study of oral HPV and oral HPV antibodies in a normal healthy population . BMC Infectious Diseases. [Online]. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/6/95.
Moodley, I., Rayner, B.L. and Singh, D. 2006. Losartan appears cost-effective for reducing stroke in people with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Evidence-based Cardiovascular Medicine, 10: 94-95.
Moodley, J.R., Hoffman, M., Carrara, H., Allan, B.R., Cooper, D.D., Rosenberg, L., Denny, L.A., Shapiro, S. and Williamson, A.-L. 2006. HIV and pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix in South Africa: A case-control study. BMC Cancer, 6(135): 1-6.
Morroni, C., Myer, L., Moss, M.E. and Hoffman, M. 2006. Preferences between injectable contraceptive methods among South African women. Contraception, 73(6): 598-601.
Muller, L. and Flisher, A.J. 2006. Standards for mental health services in South Africa. South African Psychiatry Review, 9: 7 - 38.
Myer, L., Denny, L.A., De Souza, M., Wright, T. and Kuhn, L. 2006. Distinguishing the temporal association between women's intravaginal practices and risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection: A prospective study of South African women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 163(6): 552-560.
Myer, L., Kuhn, L., Denny, L.A. and Wright, T. 2006. Recurrence of symptomatic bacterial vaginosis 12 months after oral metronidazole therapy in HIV-positive and -negative women. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 194(12): 1797-1799.
Myer, L., Wright, T., Denny, L.A. and Kuhn, L. 2006. Nested case-control study of cervical mucosal lesions, ectopy, and incident HIV infection amoung women in Cape Town, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 33(11): 683-687.
Passmore, J.S., Milner, M., Denny, L.A., Sampson, C., Marais, D.J., Allan, B.R., Gumbi, P.P., Hitzeroth, I.I., Rybicki, E.P. and Williamson, A.-L. 2006. Comparison of cervical and blood T-cell responses to human papillomavirus-16 in women with human papillomavirus-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Immunology, 119(4): 507-514.
Pollack, A.E., Balkin, M.S. and Denny, L.A. 2006. Cervical cancer: A call for political will. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 94(2006): 333-342.
Puzey, M. 2005. Mirena. at caesarean section. European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 10(3): 164-167.
Rode, H., Fieggen, A.G., Brown, R.A., Cywes, S., Davies, M.R.Q., Hewitson, J.P., Hoffman, E.B., Jee, L., Lawrenson, J., Mann, M.D., Matthews, L., Millar, A.J.W., Numanoglu, A., Peter, J.C., Thomas, J.M. and Wainwright, H.C. 2006. Four decades of conjoined twins at Red Cross Children's Hospital - lessons learned. South African Medical Journal, 96(9): 931-940.
Stewart, C., Tregoning, S.K., Moller, G.H. and Wainwright, H.C. 2006. Preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes before 28 weeks: Better than feared outcome of expectant management in Africa. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 126(2006): 186-192.
Taylor, S., Kuhn, L., Dupree, W., Denny, L.A., De Souza, M. and Wright, T. 2006. Direct comparison of liquid-based and conventioal cytology in a South African screening trial. International Journal of Cancer, 118(4): 957-962.
Tu, J.J., Kuhn, L., Denny, L.A., Beattie, K.J., Lorincz, A. and Wright, T.C. 2006. Molecular variants of human papillomavirus type 16 and risk for cervial neoplasia in South Africa. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 16(2): 736-742.
Villa, L.L. and Denny, L.A. 2006. Methods of detection of HPV infection and its clinical utility. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 94(Supplement 1): S71-S80.

Non Peer Reviewed Published Conference Proceedings
Myer, L., Denny, L.A., Wright, T. and Kuhn, L. 2006. Hormonal contraception and risk of incident HIV infection among South African women: A prospective study. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, MOPE0339.
Roland, R., Myer, L., Chuunga, R., Martin, L.J., Maw, A., Coates, T. and Denny, L.A. 2006. Post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual assault in Cape Town: adherence and HIV risk behavior. Proceedings of International AIDS Conference, Toronto, Canada, MOPDC03.

PUBLISHED CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS
Denny, L.A. 2006. FIGO Gynecologic Oncology Committee - Limitations of FIGO staging: Cervical Cancer. XVIII FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kuala Lampur, November 5-10, 2006 Book 4 (CS-04.2.1): 15-16.
Denny, L.A. 2006. Management of Cervical Cancer in Developing Countries. XVIII Figo World Congress of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Kuala Lampur, November 5-10, 2006 Book 1 (CS-O1.4.3): 12.
Denny, L.A. 2006. Role of HPV DNA testing in countries without established screening programmes. XVIII FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kuala Lampur, November 5-10, 2006 Book 2 (CS-O2.2.3): 12.
Dyer, S. 2006. 'I am stll hoping, because I am still alive': Experiences and expectations of infertile, HIV-positive men and women in South Africa. Human Reproduction, 21 (Supplement 1): i215.
Kent, A. and Jenkins, J. 2006. MCQ sharing in obstetrics and gynaecology. Association for Medical Education in Europe (AMEE) SMILE Symposium, 14-15 September.
Van der Spuy, Z.M. 2006. New possiblilities in peri-menopausal contraception. XVIII FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics Book 4 (CS-R1.3.2): 15-16.
Van der Spuy, Z.M. 2006. Non-reproductive consequences of the polycystic ovary syndrome. XVIII FIGO World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2 (CS-R2.4.4): 20.
Van Wijk, A.L., Mbatini, N., Howard, B., Denny, L.A., De Haeck, C.M.C. and Soeters, R.P. 2006. Preventing cervical cancer in developing countries. 11th Biennial meeting of International Gynecologic Cancer Society October 14-18th CD-ROM.

THESES AND DISSERTATIONS PASSED FOR HIGHER DEGREES
Draper, G. 2006. “A Classroom of Life". A qualitative analysis of the reflections of medical students on their entry into an obstetric community of practice. M.Phil in Education.
Dyer, S. 2006. Infertility in the Public Health Care System in South Africa: Patients experiences, Reproductive health knowledge and Treatment-seeking behaviour. PhD.

UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS AND WORKS OF A POPULAR NATURE
Davey, D.A. 2006. Hormone replacement therapy: time to move on? Journal of the British Menopause Society, 12 (2): 75-80.
Davey, D.A. 2006. Management of symptomatic menopausal women with breast cancer, benign breast disease or a family history of breast cancer. CME, 24(11): 648-652 .
Davey, D.A. 2006. Measurement of bone mineral density. Obsterics and Gynaecology Forum, 16(4): 101.
Davey, D.A. 2006. Osteopenia - sorting out the confusion. Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum, 16(4): 105-111.
Davey, D.A. 2006. The Menopause: An Historical Perspective. SAMS News, 3(5): 1-5.
De Jong, P.R. 2006. Surgery for pelvic organ prolapse - new insights. CME, 24(11): 638-642.
De Jong, P.R. 2006. Surgery for pevic organ prolapse. The Specialist Forum, 6(8): 14-20.
De Jong, P.R. 2006. Surgery for stress incontinence - which procedure is best in 2006? The Specialist Forum, 6(4): 12-18.
Dyer, S. and Van der Spuy, Z.M. 2006. Women's Health. CME, 24(11): 622.
Fawcus, S., Mbombo, N. and Mangate, E. 2006. Obstetric haemorrhage - third report on confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in South Africa 2002-2004. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Forum, 16 (August): 65-76.
Moss, M.E. 2006. Good reasons to reconsider the copper intrauterine device for contraception. Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum, 16(4): 113-118.
Sigcu, N. 2006. Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata - a case report and literature review. Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum, 16(4): 127-130.
Stewart, C. 2006. Smoking and reproductive health. CME, 24(11): 623-626.
White, L. 2006. Ovarian reserve testing. CME, 24(11): 655-656.
White, L. 2006. Ovulation induction. Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum, 16(4): 121-124.

EXTENSION AND DEVELOPMENT WORK
Denny, L.A. 2006. Department of Science and Technology award for Distinguished Scientist for Improving the Quality of Life of Women in 2006. Department of Science and Technology.
Denny, L.A. 2006. Co-Chair elect of the FIGO Gynaecology Oncology Committee. FIGO Gynaecology Oncology.
Duma, E. and Denny, L.A. 2006. Supervisor to PhD in nursing student, Ms S Duma - Dissertation: Women's journey of recovery from sexual assault trauma: A grounded theory. University of Cape Town.
Dyer, S. 2006. Reviewer of the following peer-reviewed international journals: Human Reproduction Social Science and Medicine Journal of Translational Medicine. International Journals. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cape Town.