Folklor instituti

Kлючевсе слова: Литература Азербайджансkих и Kумсkсkих тюрkов, Сkазkи “Минkуллнун йыры”, “Бозоглан”, общетюрkсkая литература

LITERATURE OF KUMUK TURKS IN PAST

AND PRESENT

Abstract: The sources until the nineteenth century do not contain the term “Kumuk literature”. After the occupation of the Caucasus, Russia started making “traps” by dividing na­tions into parts with the aim of strengthening its power. This policy resulted in the creation of new literary language, new history of literature and new history for each region inhabited by Turks who had unique written literature for centuries.

The book “Noqayskie-Kumukskiye teksti” (Collection of Nogay-Kumuk songs, proverbs, sayings) published by Mu­ham­met Efendi Osmanov in 1883 in Sankt-Petersburg is con­sidered to be the first book on kumuk dialect. “Minkullnun yi­ri” collected from Kumuks reminds of Shumer epos “Bilga­mish”; the tale “Eniligim, Senligim eshkini ach!” reminds of the battle between goat and wolf (or between goat and lion) in Shumer tale; the tale “Bozoghlan” reminds of “Bamsi Beyrek” in “Dede Korkut”; the fight between the hero in “Javat biy” with the angel of death reminds of Deli Domrul in “Dede Korkut”; the tale “Koroghlu” reminds of the epos “Koroghlu”. Such resemblances are encountered not only in folklore but also in written literature.

The start of the history of written Kumuk literature is clai­med to begin with Kamal Ummu Nuri who lived in the fif­teenth century. His published poems bear similarity with Tur­kic of Azerbaijan and Turkey rather than with modern Kumuk Turkic.

Some recent researchers associate Kumuk history and li­te­rature with Shumers. They tend to include joint Turkic literary works into the history of Kumuk literature and study them.

Although Russian-Soviet colonizers tried to create Kumuk language and Kumuk literature for 150 years artifically, the folklore samples collected from the Kumuks and even works by modern Kumuk writers possess differences only given the dialect. Their idea, style, content and vocabulary prove that they are part of joint Turkic literature.

The article considers kumuk folklore and the life and crea­tive activities of such writers of Kumuk written literature as Ummu Kamal (XV), Abdulrahman Atlıboyunlu (XIX l), Yır­chı Kazak (1830-79), Mahammat Apendi Osmanov (1838-1904), Abusupyan Akayev (1872-1931), Manay Alibekov (1861-1920), Nuhay (1865-1919) və Zeynalabid (1865-1919) Batırmurzayev, Abdulla Mahammadov (1864-1937), Temirbo­lat Biybolatov (1879-1942), Nabi Khanmurzayev (1893-1950), Bahautdin Astemirov (1898-1967), Alimpasha Salavatov (1901-42), Abdulvahab Suleymanov (1909-95), Yusup Gere­yev (1903-1941), Atqay Hacamatov (1910-98), Kamil Sultan (1911-2002), Rasul Rasulov (1912-77), H.Anvar (1914-92), Ibrahim Kerimov (1922), Srajdin Tokbolatov (1923), Sharip Aliberiyev (1926), Abdulla Abakarov (1928), Abdulmejit Me­ji­dov (1936), Mahammat Atabayev (1938), Badrutdin Muham­madov(1943), Sheyit Xanım Alisheva (1949), Atav Atayev (1949), Jeminat Kerimova (1949), Bahavutdin Hacıyev(1950), Supiyan Mamayeva (1958) Abdulkerim Zalimxanov, Nabiulla Mahammadov.