Instream Flow Council Instream flow and stream ecology literature May 26, 2014 hb

Slavik, O., L. Bartok, and P. Horky. 2009. Effect of river fragmentation and flow regulation on occurrence of landlocked brown trout in a fish ladder. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 25: 67-72.
Slavik, O., P. Horky, T. Randak, P. Balvin, and M. Bily. 2012. Brown trout spawning migration in fragmented central European headwaters: effect of isolation by artificial obstacles and the moon phase. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141 (3): 673-680. Doi: 10.1080/00028487.2012.675897
Slinger, J.K. 2000. Decision support for the conservation and management of estuaries: Final report of the predictive capability sub-project of the co-ordinated research program. WRC Report No. 577/2/00. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, S. Africa.
Slinger, J.H., S Taljaard, and J.L. Largier. 1994. Changes in estuarine water quality in response to a freshwater flow event, p. 551-56. In: K.R. Dyer and R.J Orth (eds.), Changes in fluxes in Estuaries: Implications from Science to Management. Olsen and Olsen, Fredensborg, Denmark.
Sloto, R.A., and M.Y. Crouse. 1996. HYSEP: a computer program for streamflow hydrograph separation and analysis. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4040.
Smakhtin, V.Y. 2001. Low flow hydrology: a review. Journal of Hydrology 240: 147-186.
Smakhtin, V., C. Revenga, and P. Doll. 2004. A pilot global assessment of environmental water requirements and scarcity. Water International 29: 307-317.
Smart, G.M. 1999. Turbulent velocity profiles and boundary shear in gravel bed rivers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1 and25: 106-116.
Smetacek, V.S. 1986. Impact of freshwater discharge on production and transfer of materials in the marine environment. Pages 85-106 in: S. Skeslet (ed.). The role of freshwater outflow in coastal marine ecosystems. Springer, Berlin.
Smiley, P.C., and E.D. Dibble. 2005. Implications of a hierarchical relationship among channel form, instream habitat, and stream communities for restoration of channelized streams. Hydrobiologia 548: 279-292. Doi: 10.1007/s10750-005-5447-9.
Smith, A.K. 1973. Development and application of spawning velocity and depth criteria for Oregon salmonids. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 102 (2): 312-316.
Smith, B.D. 2000. Trends in wild adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance for snowmelt-driven watersheds of British Columbia in relation to freshwater discharge. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57 (2): 285-297. Doi: 10.1139/f99-255.
Smith, C.B. 2011. Adaptive management on the central Platte River – science, engineering, and decision analysis to assist in the recovery of four species. Journal of Environmental Management 92: 1414-1419. Doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.013
Smith, D.L. 2003. The shear flow environment of juvenile salmonids. Doctoral dissertation. University of Idaho, Moscow.
Smith, D.L., and E.L. Brannon. 2007. Influence of cover on mean column hydraulic characteristics in small pool-riffle morphology streams. River Research and Applications 23: 125-139.

Smith, D.L., E.L. Brannon, and M. Odeh. 2005. Response of juvenile rainbow trout to turbulence produced by prismatoidal shapes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134 (3): 217-229.

Smith, D.L., E.L. Brannon, B. Shafii, and M. Odeh. 2006. Use of the average and fluctuating velocity components for estimation of volitional rainbow trout density. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135 (2): 431-441.
Smith, F.E. 1976. Water development impact on fish resources and associated values on the Trinity River, California. Pp. 98-111 in: J.F. Orsborn and C.H. Allman (eds) Instream Flow Needs, vol. ii, Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society.
Smith, G.L. (Ed.) 1979. Proceedings, workshop in instream flow habitat criteria and modeling. Colorado Water Resour. Res. Inst. Inform. Ser. 40.
Smith, G.W., I.P. Smith, and S.M. Armstrong. 1994. The relationship between river flow and entry to the Aberdeenshire Dee by returning adult Atlantic salmon. J. Fish. Biol. 45: 953-960.
Smith, I.M., and M.J. Sale. 1993. Standardizing instream flow requirements at hydropower projects in the Cascades Mountains, Washington. Pp. 286-295 in W.D. Hall, ed. Waterpower ‘93, proceedings of the international conference on hydropower. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
Smith, J.C., F. Berube, and N.E. Bergeron. 2005. A field application of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for the measurement of surface flow velocities in aquatic habitat studies. Special issue of the Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing: Proceedings of the 26^th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing: Managing resources and monitoring the environment, Wolfville, Nova Scotia. 32 (2): paper no. 87.
Smith, J.J., and H.W. Li. 1984. Energetic factors influencing foraging tactics of juvenile steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri. Pp. 173-180 in: D.L.G. Noakes et al. (Eds) Predators and prey in fishes. The Hague: Junk Publishers.
Smith, M., H. Caswell, and P. Mettler-Cherry. 2005. Stochastic flood and precipitation regimes and the population dynamics of a threatened floodplain plant. Ecological Applications 21: 609-628.
Smith, M.C. 2006. Habitat use of early Alosa spp. and striped bass Morone saxatilis in the lower Tar River, North Carolina. Master’s thesis. East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
Smith, R.D., R.C. Sidle, and P.E. Porter. 1993. Effects on bedload transport of experimental removal of woody debris from a forest gravel-bed river. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 18 (5): 455-468. Doi:10.1002/esp.3290180507.
Smith, S.D., D.A. Devitt, A. Sala, J.R. Cleverly, and D.E. Busch. 1998. Water relations of riparian plants from warm desert regions. Wetlands 18: 687-696.
Smith, S.D., J.L. Nachlinger, A.B. Wellington, and Fox. 1989. Water relations of obligate riparian plants as a function of streamflow diversion on the Bishop Creek watershed. Pp. 360-365 in: D.L. Abell (ed) California riparian systems conference: Protection, management and restoration for the 1990s. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PSW-110.
Smith, S.D., R.B. Wellington, J. Nachlinger, and Fox. 1991. Functional responses of riparian vegetation to streamflow diversion in the eastern Sierra Nevada. Ecological Applications 1 (1): 89-97.
Smith, S.G., W.D. Muir, E.E. Hockersmith, R.W. Zabel, R.J. Graves, C.V. Ross, W.P. Connor, and B.D. Arnesberg. 2003. Influence of river conditions on survival and travel time of Snake River subyearling fall Chinook salmon. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23 (3): 939-961.
Smith, S.G., W.D. Muir, J.G. Williams, and J.R. Skalski. 2002. Factors associated with travel time and survival of migrant yearling chinook salmon and steelhead in the lower Snake River. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 22 (2): 385-405.
Smith, S.M., J.S. Odenkirk, and S.J. Reeser. 2005. Smallmouth bass recruitment variability and its relation to stream discharge in three Virginia rivers. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25: 1112-1121.
Smith, T.A., and C.E. Kraft. 2005. Stream fish assemblages in relation to landscape position and local habitat variables. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 134 (2): 430-440.
Smock, L.A., J.E. Gladden, J.L. Riekenberg, L.C. Smith, and C.R. Black. 1992. Lotic macroinvertebrate production in three dimensions: channel surface, hyporheic, and floodplain environments. Ecology 73: 876-886.
Smoker, W.A. 1953. Stream flow and silver salmon production in western Washington. Washington Department of Fisheries, Fisheries Research Papers 1 (1): 5-12.
Smoker, W.A. 1955. Effects of streamflow on silver salmon production in western Washington. Doctoral dissertation. University of Washington, Department of Fisheries, Seattle.
Smoker, W.A. 1956. Preliminary report on Minter Creek streamflows on the juvenile production of silver salmon, chum salmon and steelhead trout. Unpublished report, Washington Department of Fisheries, Olympia.
Smokorowski, K.E., R.A. Metcalfe, S.D. Finucan, N. Jones, J. Marty, M. Power, R.S. Pyrce, and R. Steele. 2010. Ecosystem level assessment of environmentally based flow restrictions for maintaining ecosystem integrity: a comparison of a modified peaking versus unaltered river. Ecohydrology 4 (6): 791-806. Doi: 10.1002/eco.167
Smolders, A.J.P., M.A. Guerrero Hiza, G. van der Velde, and J.G.M. Roelofs. 2002. Dynamics of discharge, sediment transport, heavy metal pollution and sabalo (Prochilodus lineatus) catches in the lower Pilcomato River (Bolivia). River Research and Applications 18 (5): 415-428.
Snedaker, S., D. De Sylva, and D. Cottrell. 1977. A review of the role of freshwater in estuarine ecosystems. Final report, Southwest Florida Water Management District, Brooksville, Florida.

Snedden, G.A., W.E. Kelso, and D.A. Rutherford. 1999. Diel and seasonal patterns of spotted gar movement and habitat use in the lower Atchafalaya River basin, Louisiana. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128: 144-154.

Snelder, T.H., B.J.F. Biggs, and R.A. Woods. 2005. Improved eco-hydrological classification of rivers. River Research and Applications 21: 609-628. Doi: 10.1002/rra.826.
Snelder, T., D. Booker, and N. Lamouroux. 2011. A method to assess and define environmental rules for large jurisdictional regions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 47 (4): 828-840. Doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00556.x
Snelder, T.H., and N.L. Lamouroux. 2010. Co-variation of fish assemblages, flow regime and other habitat factors. Freshwater Biology 55: 881-892.
SNIFFER. 2007. Guidance on environmental flow releases from impoundments to implement the Water Framework Directive. Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research, Edinburgh. Http://www.sniffer.org.
Snodgrass, J.W., L. Bryan, Jr., R.F. Lide, and G.M. Smith. 1996. Factors affecting the occurrence and structure of fish assemblages in isolated wetlands of the upper coastal pain, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53: 443-454.
Snodgrass, J.W., and G.K. Meffe. 1998. Influence of beavers on stream fish assemblages: effects of pond age and watershed position. Ecology 79: 928-942.
Snook, D.L., and A.M. Milner. 2002. Biological traits of macroinvertebrates and hydraulic conditions in a glacier-fed catchment (French Pyrenees). Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 153: 245-271.
Snucins, E.J., R.A. Curry, and J/M/ Gunn. 1992. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) embryo habitat and timing of alevin emergence in a lake and a stream. Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 423-427.

Snyder, C., and Z.B. Johnson. 2006. Macroinvertebrate assemblage recovery following a catastrophic flood and debris flows in an Appalachian mountain stream. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 25 (4): 825-840. Doi: 10.1899/0887-3595(2006)025[0825:MARFAC]2.0.CO;2.

Snyder, E.B., and G.W. Minshall. 1996. Ecosystem metabolism and nutrient dynamics in the Kootenai River in relation to impoundment and flow enhancement for fisheries management. Ecology Center, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho.
Sogard, S.M. 1994. Use of suboptimal foraging habitats by fishes: consequence for growth and survival. Pages 103-131 in: D.J. Strouder, K.L. Fresh, and R.J. Feller, editors. Theory and application in fish feeding ecology. University of South Carolina Press, Columbia.
Sogard, S.M., J.E. Merz, W.H. Satterthwaite, M.P. Beakes, D.R. Swank, E.M. Collins, R.G. Titus, and M. Mangel. 2012. Contrasts in habitat characteristics and life history patterns of Oncorhynchus mykiss in California’s central coast and Central Valley. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141 (3): 747-760. Doi: 10.1080/0028487.2012.675902.
Sogard, S.M., T.H. Williams, and H. Fish. 2009. Seasonal patterns of abundance, growth, and site fidelity of juvenile steelhead in a small coastal California stream. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138 (3): 549-563.
Sokal, R.R., and F.J. Rohlf. 1981. Biometry. Second edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
Solazzi, M.F., T.E. Nickelson, S.L. Johnson, and J.D. Rodgers. 2000. Effects of increasing winter rearing habitat on abundance of salmonids in two coastal Oregon streams. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57 (5): 906-914.
Solomon, D.J., and D. Paterson. 1980. Influence of natural and regulated streamflow on survival of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in a chalk stream. Environmental Biology of Fishes 5: 379-382.
Sommer, T.R., R.D. Baxter, and F. Feyrer. 2007. Splittail “delisting”: a review of recent population trends and restoration activities. American Fisheries Society Symposium 53: 25-28.
Sommer, T.R., W.C. Harrell, A. Mueller-Solger, B. Tom, and J.W. Kimmerer. 2004. Effects of flow variation on the channel and floodplain biota and habitats of the Sacramento River, California, USA. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 14: 247-261.
Sommer, T., W.C. Harrell, and M. Nobriga. 2005. Habitat use and stranding risk of juvenile Chinook salmon on a seasonal floodplain. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25 (4): 1493-1504.

Sommer, T., B. Harrell, M. Nobriga, R. Brown, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and L. Schemel. 2001. California’s Yolo Bypass: evidence that flood control can be compatible with fisheries, wetlands, wildlife, and agriculture. Fisheries 26: 6-16.

Sommer, T.R., M.L. Nobriga, W.C. Harrell, W. Batham, and W.J. Kimmerer. 2001. Floodplain rearing of juvenile chinook salmon: evidence of enhanced growth and survival. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58: 325-333. Doi:10.1139/cjfas-58-2-325.
Sophocleous, M. 2002. Interactions between groundwater and surface water: the state of the science. Hydrogeology Journal 1: 52-67.
Sotiropoulos, J.C., K.H. Nislow, and M.R. Ross. 2006. Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, microhabitat selection and diet under low summer stream flows. Fisheries Management and Ecology 13 (3): 149-155. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2006.00487.x.
Souchon, Y., H. Andriamahefa, P. Breil, M.B. Albert, H. Capra, and N. Lamouroux. 2002. Vers de nouveaux outils pour l’aide a la gestion des hydrosystemes: couplage des recherches physiques et biologiques sur les cours d’eau. Natures Sciences Societes 10: 26-41.
Souchon, Y., and H. Capra. 2004. Aquatic habitat modelling: biological validations of IFIM/Phabsim methodology and new perspectives. Hydroecologie Appliquee 14 (1): 9-25.
Souchon, Y., and P. Keith. 2001. Freshwater fish habitat: science, management and conservation in France. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 4: 401-412.
Souchon, Y., C. Sabaton, R. Deibel, D. Reiser, J. Kershner, M. Gard, C. Katapodis, P. Leonard, N.L. Poff, W.J. Miller, and B.L. Lamb. 2008. Detecting biological responses to flow management: missed opportunities; future decisions. River Research and Applications. 24 (1): 1-13. Doi: 10.1002/rra.1134.
Souchon, Y. F. Trocherie, E. Fragnoud, and C. Lacombe. 1989. Les modeles numerique des microhabitats des poissons: applications et nouveaux developpements. Revue des Sciences de l’Eau 2: 807-830.
Soulsby, C., A.F. Youngson, H.J. Moir, and I.A. Malcolm. 2001. Fine sediment influence on a salmonid spawning habitat in a lowland agricultural stream: a preliminary assessment. Science of the Total Environment 265: 295-307.
Southall, P.D., and W.A. Hubert. 1984. Habitat use by adult paddlefish in the upper Mississippi River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 113: 125-131.
Sowa, S.P., and C.F. Rabeni. 1995. Regional evaluation of the relation of habitat to distribution and abundance of smallmouth bass and largemouth in Missouri streams. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124: 240-251.
Sowden, T.K., and G. Power. 1985. Prediction of rainbow trout embryo survival in relation to groundwater seepage and particle size of spawning substrates. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 114: 804812.
Spalding, S., N.P. Peterson, and T.P. Quinn. 1995. Summer distribution, survival, and growth of juvenile coho salmon under varying experimental conditions of brushy instream cover. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124 (1): 124130.
Spangler, R.E., and D.L. Scarnecchia. 2001. Summer and fall microhabitat utilization of juvenile bull trout and cutthroat trout in a wilderness stream, Idaho. Hydrobiologia 452: 145-154.
Sparks, R.E. 1992. Risks of altering the hydrologic regime of large rivers. Pp. 119-152 in: J. Cairns, Jr., B.R. Niederlehner, and D.R. Orvos, editors. Predicting ecosystem risk: advances in modern environmental toxicology, volume 20. Princeton Scientific Publishing, Princeton, New Jersey.
Sparks, R.E. 1995. Need for ecosystem management of large rivers and their floodplains. BioScience 45: 168-182.
Sparks, R.E. 1995. Maintaining and restoring the ecological integrity of the Mississippi River: importance of floodplains and floodpulses. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference 60: 90-97.
Sparks, R.E., P.B. Bayley, S.L. Kohler, and L.L. Osborne. 1990. Disturbance and recovery of large floodplain rivers. Environmental Management 14: 699-709.
Sparks, R.E., J.C. Nelson, and Y. Yin. 1998. Naturalisation of the flood regime in regulated rivers. BioScience 48: 706-720.
Sparks, R.E., and A. Spink. 1998. Disturbance, succession and ecosystem processes in rivers and estuaries: effects of extreme hydrologic events. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 14: 155-159.
Speas, D.W. 2000. Zooplankton density and community composition following an experimental flood in the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 16: 73-81.
Speed, T. 1993. Modeling and managing a salmon population. Pp. 267-292 in: V. Barnett and K.F. Turkman, eds. Statistics for the environment. Wiley, New York.
Spence, B.C., and E.J. Dick. 2014. Geographic variation in environmental factors regulating outmigration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71 (1): 56-69. Doi: 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0479
Spence, C. 2006. Hydrological processes and streamflow in a lake dominated watercourse. Hydrol. Process. 20 (17): 3665-3681. Doi; 10.1002/hyp.6381.
Spina, A.P. 2001. Incubation discharge and aspects of brown trout population dynamics. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130: 322-327. Doi: 10.1577/1548-8659(2001)130<0322:IDAAOB>2.0.CO;2.
Spina, A.P. 2003. Habitat associations of steelhead trout near the southern extent of their range. Calif. Fish Game 2: 81-95.
Spina, A.P., M.A. Allen, and M. Clarke. 2005. Downstream migration, rearing abundance, and pool habitat associations of juvenile steelhead in the lower main stem of a south-central California stream. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 25: 919-930.
Spina, A.P., M.R. McGoogan, and T.S. Gaffney. 2006. Influence of surface-water withdrawal on juvenile steelhead and their habitat in a south-cental California nursery stream. California Fish and Game 92 (2): 81-90.
Spindler, B.D. 2008. Modeling spatial distribution and habitat associations for juvenile pallid sturgeon (Scaphyrhynchus albus) in the Missouri River. Master’s thesis, South Dakota State University, Brookings.
Sponseller, R.A., and S.G. Fisher. 2006. Drainage size, stream intermittency, and ecosystem function in a Sonoran Desert landscape. Ecosystems 9 (3): 344-356. Doi:10.1007/s10021-005-0167-6.
Spooner, D.E., M.A. Xenopoulos, C. Schneider, and D.A. Woolnaugh. 2011. Coextirpation of host-affiliate relationships in rivers: The role of climate change, water withdrawal, and host-specificity. Global Change Biol. 17 (4): 1720-1732.
Spranza, J.J., and E.H. Stanley. 2000. Condition, growth, and reproductive styles of fishes exposed to different environmental regimes in a prairie drainage. Environmental Biology of Fishes 59 (1): 99-109.
Sprenger, M.D., L.M. Smith, and J.P. Taylor. 2001. Testing control of saltcedar seedlings using fall flooding. Wetlands 21: 437-441.
Springer, A.F., J.M. Wright, P.B. Shafroth, J.C. Stromberg, and D.T. Patten. 1999. Coupling groundwater and riparian vegetation models to assess effects of reservoir releases. Water Resources Research 35: 3621-3630.
Stahlberg, S. and P. Peckmann. 1987. The critical swimming speed of small teleost fish species in a flume. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 110: 179-193.
Stalnaker, C.B. 1980. The use of habitat structure preferenda for establishing flow regimes necessary for the maintenance of fish habitat. Pp. 321-337 in: J.V. Ward and J.A. Stanford (eds.) The ecology of regulated streams. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York.
Stalnaker, C.B. 1981. Low flow as a limiting factor in warmwater streams. Pp. 192-199 in: L. Krumholz (ed.) Warmwater Streams Symposium. Bethesda, Maryland: American Fisheries Society.
Stalnaker, C.B. 1982. Instream flow assessment comes of age in the decade of the 1970s. Pp. 119-142 in: W.T. Mason, Jr., and S. Iker (ed.) Research on fish and wildlife habitat. EPA-600/8-82-022.
Stalnaker, C.B. 1990. Minimum flow is a myth, p. 31-33. In: M.B. Bain (ed.). Ecology and Assessment of Warm Water Streams: Workshop Synopsis. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.
Stalnaker, C.B. 1993. Fish habitat models in environmental assessments. Pp. 104-162 in: S.G. Hildebrand and J.B. Cannon (eds.) Environmental Analysis: The NEPA Experience. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Stalnaker, C.B. 1994. Evolution of instream flow habitat modeling. Chapter 14. P. Calow and G.E. Petts (eds.) The Rivers Handbook, Hydrological and Ecological Principles. Vol. II. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
Stalnaker, C.B., and J.L. Arnette. 1976. Methodologies for determination of stream resource flow requirements: an assessment. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services, Washington, D.C. Report No. FWS/OBS-76/03.
Stalnaker, C.B., K.D. Bovee, and T.J. Waddle. 1994. The importance of the temporal aspects of habitat hydraulics in fish populations. In: Proceedings of the 1^st International Symposium on Habitat Hydraulics. SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway. Pp. 1-11.
Stalnaker, C.B., K.D. Bovee, and T.J. Waddle. 1996. Importance of the temporal aspects of habitat hydraulics to fish population studies. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 12: 145-153.
Stalnaker, C.B., B.L. Lamb, J. Henriksen, K. Bovee, and J. Bartholow. 1995. The instream flow incremental methodology: a primer for IFIM. National Biological Service Biological Report 29. 45 pp.
Stalnaker, C.B., R.T. Milhous, and K.D. Bovee. 1989. Hydrology and hydraulics applied to fishery management in large rivers, pp. 13-30 in: D.P. Dodge (ed.), Proceedings of the International Large Rivers Symposium. Canadian Sp. Publ. Fish. Aquatic. Sci. 106.
Stalnaker, C.B., and E.J. Wick. 2000. Planning for flow requirements to sustain stream biota. Chapter 16 in: E.E. Wohl, ed. Inland Flood Hazards: Human, Riparian, and Aquatic Communities. Cambridge University Press, London.
Stancil, V.F. 2000. Effects of watershed and habitat conditions on stream fishes of the upper Roanoke River watershed, Virginia. M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Standen, E.M., S.G. Hinch, and P.S. Rand. 2004. Influence of river speed on path selection by migrating adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61 (6): 905-912.

Stanford, J.A. 1994. Instream flows to assist the recovery of endangered fishes of the upper Colorado River basin. National Biological Survey Biological Report 24. 47 pp.

Stanford, J.A., and E.R. Hauer. 1992. Mitigating the impacts of stream and lake regulation in the Flathead River catchment, Montana, USA: an ecosystem perspective. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 2: 35-63.
Stanford, J.A., M.S. Lorang, and E.R. Hauer. 2005. The shifting habitat mosaic of river ecosystems. Internat. Vern. Limnol. 29: 123-136.