Introduction a Introduction
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TEXT 20 YaSYaa&NaMaePaavNaMa®k-MaRiSQaTYauŮvPa[a l/Il/avTaareiPSaTaJaNMavaSYaaÜNDYaa&iGar&Taa&ib>a*YaaNNaDaqr> ))20))
In the Vedic literature, the Absolute Truth is sometimes described as Brahman, sometimes as Paramätmä, and sometimes as Bhagavän. Just to clarify the actual purpose
of the Vedic literature, it is being said in this verse: “Those literatures that do not glorify the pastimes of My various incarnations, which are beneficial to all living entities
throughout the universe, are to be avoided by saintly persons. Even Vedic statements that are devoid of the glorification of My transcendental pastimes, should never be
studied by learned persons.” In this verse the Lord explains that the literatures approved for the devotees are those that glorify the Lord’s pastimes as the puruńa-avatära and the lélävatäras, culminating
in the personal appearance of Lord Kĺńëa Himself. Even Vedic literatures that neglect the Supreme Personality of Godhead should be ignored. This fact was also explained by
Närada Muni to Çréla Vyäsadeva, the author of the Vedas, when the great Vedavyäsa felt dissatisfied with his work.
Wv&iJajaSaYaaPaaeůNaaNaaTv>a]MaMaaTMaiNa ) oPaarMaeTaivrJa&MaNaaeMaYYaPYaRSavRGae ))21))
The conclusion of knowledge is herein being described. To identify with one’s gross and subtle bodies, to think that the innumerable living entities are ultimately one, and
to think that human beings and demigods possess different types of souls—these are all misconceptions. One should give up such misconceptions by the process of devotional
service and fix his mind on the Supreme Lord. In this way, one will attain realization of the Personality of Godhead on the strength of his knowledge in devotional service. This is confirmed in the Bhagavad-gétä (18.55):
As long as one considers the body as the self, various misconceptions will pollute his mentality. By full engagement in the devotional service of the Supreme Lord, one gains
respite from the endeavors for sense gratification, being resolute in his determination to use everything for the Lord’s satisfaction. The acceptance of anything as not being
related to the Lord and thus meant for one’s sense gratification, is the cause of material bondage. One should therefore avoid this misconception by coming to the true conclusion
of knowledge, that the Supreme Lord is the sum total of everything. YaŰNaqXaaeDaariYaTau&MaNaaeb]ři MaiYaSavaRi If one offers the results of all activities to Lord Kĺńëa, one will gradually become detached from the false egoistic conception of life. When the mind becomes purified
by such detachment, transcendental knowledge becomes manifest within the heart. When the mind remains absorbed in transcendental understanding, it can come to the
spiritual platform, as described in Bhagavad-gétä (18.54): the distinction between matter and spirit—between the living entity and his material body. When one surpasses the stage of simple self-realization and begins meditation
upon the Supreme Personality of Godhead and rendering service unto Him, he can enter into a personal relationship with the Absolute Truth. Such a revival of one’s
dormant love for God dispels all traces of illusion whereby one thinks that this world is ultimate reality. By experiencing the reality of one’s relationship with the Supreme
Lord, one automatically becomes detached from mundane society, friendship, and love. Ultimately, such rendering of devotional service enables one to go back home, back to
Godhead and thus personally associate with the Lord. The simple offering of the results of one’s activities to the Lord certainly purifies
one’s existence and enables one to comprehend the preliminary instructions of the spiritual master in disciplic succession. Still, if one truly aspires to fix his mind in the
service of the Lord, then he should associate with pure devotees of the Lord and render regulaged service in their association.
The conditioned soul, being in the bodily concept of life, is generally not inclined to offer the results of his activities to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Being
materially conditioned, he considers himself to belong to a particular family, society, and nation instead of understanding himself to be the eternal servant of the Personality of
Godhead. The conditioned souls try to alleviate their suffering by exercising their minds in speculating in various ways, but such endeavors will never free them from illusion. It
behooves one to begin offering the results of his activities for the service of the Lord, as this will lead him to the proper understanding of his self.
é[Öalu/MaRTk-Qaa>Xa* GaaYaŕNauSMarNk-MaRJaNMacai>aNaYaNa( Mauhu>))23))
MadQaeRDaMaRk-aMaaQaaRNa(AacrNMadPaaé[Ya> ) l/>aTaeiNaęl/a&>ai˘&-MaYYauÖvSaNaaTaNae ))24))
My dear Uddhava, My faithful devotees always hear about and glorify My all- auspicious characteristics. They meditate on Me and enact My pastimes through dramatic performances, thus taking full shelter of Me. They cultivate religiosity, economic development, and sense gratification only in relation to Me, and in this way, attain pure devotional service to Me, the Supreme Personality of Godhead. COMMENTARY After explaining the characteristics of jďäna-yoga, Çré Kĺńëa now describes the characteristics of bhakti-yoga. In this connection, the faithful jďänés have been separated from those who have no connection with Kĺńëa consciousness. Because the word “faithful” has been used right from the beginning of this discussion, it is to be understood that only a faithful person can come to the platform of devotional service. When one regularly engages in hearing the glories of the Lord, while offering the results of his activities for His satisfaction, one can attain perfection in devotional service. Until one becomes actually detached from matter, one should continue to perform his prescribed duties, offering the results in the devotional service of the Lord. Lord Kĺńëa’s pastimes of stealing butter from the elderly gopés, enjoying life with His cowherd boyfriends and the young gopés, playing His flute and engaging in the räsa dance, and so on, are all-auspicious spiritual activities. There are many authorized songs and prayers glorifying these pastimes of the Lord, and by constantly chanting them one will automatically be fixed in smaraëam, or remembrance of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The Lord exhibited His opulences upon His birth in Kaŕsa’s prison and at the birth ceremony subsequently performed by Nanda Mahäräja in Gokula. The Lord further performed many adventurous activities, such as chastising the serpent Käliya and many other demons. One should regularly take part in the ceremonies commemorating Kĺńëa’s pastimes, such as the Janmäńöamé celebration glorifying the Lord’s birth. On such days one should worship the Deity of Lord Kĺńëa and the spiritual master and thus remember the Lord’s pastimes. One should give food grains and cloth to the brähmaëas and Vaińëavas. One should serve the Vaińëavas by giving them mahäprasada, flower
170 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ garlands, sandalwood paste, and cloth. One who desires to accumulate wealth should do so for the service of Lord Vińëu and the Vaińëavas.
One who engages in hearing, glorifying, remembering and dramatically recreating the pastimes of the Lord will soon be freed from all material desire. One may take pleasure in spiritual festivals, performances of particular pastimes of Lord Kĺńëa, or activities of other devotees of the Lord. In this way, one can continually increase one’s faith in the Personality of Godhead. Those who have no desire to hear, glorify, or remember the transcendental activities of the Lord are certainly materially polluted and never achieve the highest perfection. Such persons spoil the opportunity of human life by devoting themselves to fleeting mundane topics that produce no eternal benefit. The real meaning of religion is to constantly serve the Supreme Personality of Godhead, whose form is eternal, full of bliss and knowledge. One who has taken full shelter of the Lord is completely uninterested in impersonal speculations about the nature of God. He uses his time to advance more and more in the unlimited bliss of pure devotional service. TEXT 25 SaTSa®l/BDaYaa>a˘-yaMaiYaMaa&Sa oPaaiSaTaa ) SavEMaediXaRTa&SaiŮrĹSaaivNdTaePadMa( ))25))
One may ask how such surrender or devotion is actually achieved. The Lord gives the answer in this verse. One must live in a society of devotees. By such association, one will be engaged twenty-four hours a day in the various processes of devotional service. The pure devotees of the Lord can reveal the spiritual world by their transcendental sound vibration, making it possible for even a neophyte devotee to experience the Lord’s abode. Being thus enlivened, the neophyte makes further progress and gradually becomes qualified to personally serve the Personality of Godhead in the spiritual world. The Symptoms of Conditioned and Liberated Living Entities 171 By constantly associating with devotees and learning from them about devotional science, one quickly achieves a deep attachment for the Lord and the Lord’s service, and such attachment gradually matures into pure love of Godhead. PURPORT Materialists often challenge that the chanting of the holy names of the Lord is simply a mundane activity. They therefore conclude that any kind of concocted mantra is as good as chanting the holy names of the Lord. Just to establish the truth of the matter, the Lord herein describes the genuine method for attaining His transcendental abode in the spiritual sky. One should avoid the association of impersonalists, who preach that the name and form of the Lord are products of Maya, or illusion. Actually, the impersonalists are envious of the devotees of the Lord and so they take every opportunity to deride them, thus simply creating disturbances. It is only by hearing from the pure devotees of the Lord that one can understand the truth about the Supreme Lord and His eternal abode.
é[qoÖv ovac SaaDauSTavaetaMaëaek-MaTa>k-Id*iGvDa>Pa[>aae ) >ai˘-STvYYauPaYauJYaeTak-Id*XaqSaiŮrad*Taa ))26)) WTaNMaePauĺzaDYa+al/aek-aDYa+aJaGaTPa[>aae ) Pa[ 172 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ COMMENTARY The word puruńädhyakńa in this verse indicates that Lord Kĺńëa is the master not only of all the demigods, but of the puruńa-avatäras. The word lokädhyakńa indicates that Lord Kĺńëa is the master of Vaikuëöha. Uddhava also addresses Lord Kĺńëa as
purpose of delivering the pious conditioned souls. The word praëatäya indicates that Uddhava is a surrendered soul and not an impersonalist who refuses to bow down to the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In this verse, Uddhava says that he is anuraktäya, or attached to Lord Kĺńëa with love. Although some great devotees like Arjuna sometimes worshiped the demigods, just to acknowledge their exalted positions within the universe, Uddhava never adored anyone but the Supreme Lord.
Tv&b]řParMa&VYaaeMaPauĺz>Pa[k*-Tae>Par> ) AvTaqNaaeR_iSa>aGavNa( SveC^aePaataPa*QaGvPau> ))28))
The pure devotees of the Lord are interested in delivering the conditioned souls from their ignorance. As such, they are considered to be direct representatives of the Lord and thus non-different from Him. Although the Lord is fully self-satisfied and thus not at all interested in the affairs of this material world, still, by His causeless mercy, He sometimes incarnates just to propagate His devotional service for the benefit of the ignorant conditioned souls. Thus, it must be concluded that the Lord descends in various forms as incarnations for the pleasure of His devotees. He also appears as the Deity so that His devotees can render service unto Him. The Lord is non-different from His devotees because He preaches devotional service through His devotees. This has been expressed by Çré Närada: “Having been awarded a transcendental body befitting an associate of the Personality of Godhead, I quit the body made of five material elements.” Thus, the devotees are considered to be non-different from the Lord. The Lord is self-satisfied, The Symptoms of Conditioned and Liberated Living Entities 173 and so is indifferent to this material world, and yet He incarnates to preach devotional service to Himself. By His own sweet will, He assumes various forms, such as Kapila, Dattätreya, and Närada. Thus it is seen that although the Lord is one, He assumes many transcendental forms.
Uddhava said, “O Lord! You are the Supreme Brahman, the transcendental Personality of Godhead, the Lord of Vaikuëöha. You have personally manifested in this world, by Your own sweet will. You have assumed innumerable forms of incarnation and now You have appeared in Your eternal two-armed form of Muralidhara, which is independent of Your features of Brahman, Paramätmä, and four-armed Lord Näräyaëa. You have directly descended to this world from Your eternal abode, Goloka Vĺndävana.” After reading this verse, unscrupulous people may think that Kĺńëa appeared in this form before Uddhava as a manifestation of Brahman, or as an expansion of Paramätmä. The devotees eternally serve the Supreme Personality of Godhead in the spiritual world in forms of full consciousness and bliss. TEXTS 29-32 é[q>aGavaNauvac k*-Paalu/rk*-Tad]aehiSTaiTa+au>SavRdeihNaaMa( ) SaTYaSaarae_NavŰaTMaaSaMa>SavaeRPak-ark-> ))29)) k-aMaErhTaDaqdaRNTaaeMa*d>Xauicrik-ÄNa> ) ANaqhaeiMaTa>auk( XaaNTa>iSQaraeMaC^r APa[MataaeGa>aqraTMaaDa*iTaMaaiĹTazÉu ) AMaaNaqMaaNad>k-LYaaeMaE}a>k-aĺi AajaYaEv&Gau DaMaaRNSaNTYaJYaYa>SavaRNMaa&>aJaeTaSaTauSataMa> ))32)) 174 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ apramatto gabhérätmä dhĺtimäď jita-ńaň-guëaů amäné mäna-daů kalyo maitraů käruëikaů kaviů äjďäyaivaŕ guëän dońän mayädińöän api svakän dharmän santyajya yaů sarvän mäŕ bhajeta sa tu sattamaů The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: O Uddhava, a saintly person is merciful and so is never inclined to give pain to others. Even if others are aggressive, he is tolerant and forgiving towards all. His purpose in life comes from the truth itself, he is free from envy, and his mind is equipoised in happiness and distress. He dedicates his time to work for the welfare of others. His intelligence is never bewildered by material desires, and he has learned to control his senses. His behavior is always pleasing, never harsh and always exemplary, and he is free from possessiveness. He never endeavors like ordinary worldly people, and he strictly controls his eating and so he always remains peaceful and steady. A saintly person is thoughtful and accepts Me as his only shelter. Such a person is very cautious in the execution of his duties and is not disturbed even in a distressing situation. He has conquered over the six material qualities—hunger, thirst, lamentation, illusion, old age, and death. He is free from all desire for prestige, and he offers respect to others. He is expert in reviving the Kĺńëa consciousness of others and so he never cheats anyone. Rather, he is a well-wishing friend to all, being most merciful. Such a saintly person must be considered the most learned of men. He perfectly understands that the ordinary religious duties prescribed by Me in various Vedic scriptures possess favorable qualities that purify the performer, and he knows that neglect of such duties constitutes Yüklə 8,84 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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