Introduction a Introduction
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TEXTS 1-2 é[q>aGavaNauvac NaraeDaYaiTaMaa&YaaeGaaeNaSaa&:Ya&DaMaR Wvc ) NaSvaDYaaYaSTaPaSTYaaGaaeNaeíaPaUTa|Nadi+a v]TaaiNaYajX^Nda&iSaTaqQaaRiNaiNaYaMaaYaMaa> )
YaQaavĺNDaeSaTSa®>SavRSa®aPahaeihMaaMa( ))2)) This chapter describes the glories of the association of devotees and the Vrajaväsés’ incomparable love for Kĺńëa.
The Supreme Lord said, “O Uddhava, the astäěga-yoga system of practicing sitting postures and controlling the mind, the säěkhya-yoga system of discriminating between
matter and spirit, the practice of non-violence, the study of the Vedas, the performance of Beyond Renunciation and Knowledge 193 severe austerities, the practice of renunciation, the performance of welfare activities like digging wells, the pious act of giving charity, the observance of vows such as cäturmäsya, the performance of sacrifices, the worship of the demigods, and the chanting of Vedic mantras cannot control Me.” The word rodhayati in this verse is singular, indicating that it should be applied separately to each of the processes described. It could also be the plural rodhayanti because of the other plural word in this verse, vratäni. The verb ruddha means “to control.” The Lord therefore says, “Activities like yoga cannot control Me. I am not controlled by astäěga yogés. They cannot attain My shelter.” This is purport of this verse. The Supreme Lord said, “O Uddhava, the study of säěkhya and the following of religious principles also cannot control Me. Study of the Vedas, performance of austerities, and a life of renunciation do not enable one to attain My shelter. The powerful process of devotional service is the only method of controlling Me and pleasing Me. It is an established fact that I am attained only by devotional service, and by no other means. One who simply associates with My pure devotees pleases Me, and so what can be said of one who renders devotional service to Me in the association of devotees? One advances on the path of devotional service in the association of devotees. Although activities like practicing yoga contain some degree of devotion, I am not controlled by the mixed devotion of such practitioners. Thus, the word yathä has been used in this verse, indicating that only when activities are performed in pure devotion are they fully pleasing to the Lord. Because the association of devotees destroys all of one’s material attachment, it enables one to bring Me under control.” PURPORT The relationships we establish in this temporary material world are not eternal, nor are they actually beneficial. The association of the Supreme Personality of Godhead is attained by the association of His associates. The various methods for attaining perfection in life, such as the atheistic säěkhya philosophical system, the theistic säěkhya philosophical system, the performance of major and minor religious duties, the study of the Vedas, the performance of penances, cultivating a life of renunciation, engaging in welfare activities, giving charity, performing sacrifices, chanting Vedic mantras, taking bath in holy places, and controlling the mind and senses, are not as effective in pleasing the Lord as the association of His pure devotees. The Supreme Lord is unconquerable but He is controlled by the love of His pure devotees. All methods for achieving the ultimate goal of life that are followed by non-devotees cannot purchase the favor of the Supreme Lord.
194 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ TEXTS 3-6 SaTSa®eNaihdETaeYaaYaaTauDaaNaaMa*Gaa>%Gaa> ) GaNDavaRPSarSaaeNaaGaa>iSaÖaęar ivŰaDaraMaNauZYaezuvEXYaa>XaUd]a>ińYaae_NTYaJaa> ) rJaSTaMa>Pa[k*-TaYaSTaiSMa&STaiSMaNYauGaeYauGae ))4)) bhvaeMaTPad&Pa[aáaSTvaí\k-aYaaDavadYa> ) v*zPavaRbil/baR SauGa]qvaehNauMaaNa( ‰+aaeGaJaaeGa*Da]aevi VYaaDa>ku-BJaav]JaeGaaePYaaeYajPaŇySTaQaaPare ))6))
In every yuga, many who are influenced by the modes of passion and ignorance, including demons, animals, birds, Gandharvas, Apsaräs, Nägas, Siddhas, Cäraëas, Guhyakas, Vidhyädharas, vaiçyas, çudras, women, and others were able to come back home, back to Godhead, due to gaining the association of My devotees. Vĺträsura and Prahläda Mahäräja also attained My transcendental abode due to the association of devotees, as did Vĺńaparvä, Bali Mahäräja, Bäëäsura, Maya, Vibhéńaëa, Sugréva, Hanumän, Jämbavän, Gajendra, Jaöäyu, Tulädhära, Dharma-vyädha, Kubjä, the gopés of Vĺndävana, and the wives of the brähmaëas that were performing sacrifices. COMMENTARY These four verses describe how the Supreme Lord is directly controlled by the gopés of Vraja, and indirectly by demons like King Bäëa. There are two kinds of saintly persons—those who are engaged in activities based on devotional service, and those Beyond Renunciation and Knowledge 195 who are engaged in pure unalloyed devotional service. The controlling power of the former is indirect, whereas the controlling power of the latter is direct. The word
association of Çré Närada even before his birth. Soon after his birth, Vĺńaparvä was rejected by his mother. He was then brought up by a sage and became a devotee of Lord Vińëü. Bali Mahäräja attained the association of Prahläda Mahäräja. All these examples are given in the Puräëas. When King Bäëa’s arms were being cut off, he received the association of Mahädeva. While constructing their assembly house, the demon, Maya, had the association of the Päëňavas. Vibhéńaëa received Hanumän’s association. The monkeys headed by Sugréva received Lakńmaëa’s association. Gajendra, the king of the elephants, received the association of Çré Närada in his previous life. The giant bird, Jaöäyu had Garuňa’s and Daçaratha’s association. The stories of Vaëika or Tulädhära are narrated in the Mahäbhärata, but it is unclear whose association they had received. The story of Dharma-vyädha, the nonviolent hunter, was described in the Varäha Puräëa. In a previous life, he somehow became a brahma-räkńasa, or brähmaëa ghost, but was eventually saved. In a previous Kali-yuga he had the association of a Vaińëava king named Väsu. In the Harivaŕça, it is stated that in her previous life, Kubjä had the association of Närada. The sages of Daëňakäraëya who appeared as gopés in Vraja had the association of many saintly persons in their previous life, and the association of eternally perfect gopés in their next life. The wives of the brähmaëas who were engaged in performing sacrifice had the opportunity to associate with Kĺńëa’s messengers, Mälé and Tämbulé, when they went to Mathurä on business. PURPORT Simply by the influence of the devotees’ association, all of one’s incompetence is destroyed so that one became qualified to attain the service of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. TEXT 7 TaeNaaDaqTaé[uiTaGa Av]TaaTaáTaPaSa>MaTSa®aNMaaMauPaaGaTaa> ))7))
196 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ COMMENTARY According to the advancement they made by means of sädhu-saěga, the above- mentioned persons either achieved mixed devotional service or pure devotional service. There was no need for them to follow other sädhanas. They did not study the Vedas, which indicates that they did not approach sages who were well-acquainted with the Vedas. Similarly, they did not perform any austerities or execute any vows. They developed devotional service simply by the association of the Lord’s devotees and thus ultimately attained His shelter.
Without following any other sädhana, simply by the influence of the devotees’ association, one can attain the devotional service of Supreme Lord.
ke-vle/Naih>aaveNaGaaePYaaeGaavaeNaGaaMa*Gaa> ) Yae_NYaeMaU!iDaYaaeNaaGaa>iSaÖaMaaMaqYaurĹSaa ))8))
The unique position of the gopés is herein described. The word kevala means “devoid of karma and jďana,” or in other words pure devotional service, without any tinge of material desire. Devotional service to the Lord is rendered in the moods of çĺěgära, vätsalya, sakhya, and däsya. The gopés attained the Lord by serving Him in the mood of mädhuyra rasa, the cows in the mood of vätsalya rasa, Govardhana Hill and the deer in the mood of sakhya rasa, and the trees and creepers of Vĺndävana, as well as the Käliya serpent, in the mood of däsya rasa. The gopés referred to in this verse are the eternally perfect gopés. Indeed, all the inhabitants of Vĺndävana should be considered eternally liberated souls, as expressed by the word siddhäů, which means “having achieved the perfection of life.” Beyond Renunciation and Knowledge PURPORT 197 By love and devotion, persons who appear to be incompetent can achieve the mercy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. TEXT 9 Ya&NaYaaeGaeNaSaa&:YaeNadaNav]TaTaPaae_ßrE> ) VYaa:YaaSvaDYaaYaSaNNYaaSaE>Pa[aPanuYaaŰŇvaNaiPa ))9))
Even if one faithfully practices the yoga system, one cannot attain the devotional service of the Lord. Association of devotees is the only criteria for attaining pure devotional service, and not any other discipline or pious activity. This is the purport of this verse.
Even if one carefully studies the atheistic or theistic Säěkhya philosophy, gives charity, observes vows, undergoes austerity, performs sacrifices, studies the Vedas, and explains the Vedic literature to others, one will still not attain the mercy of the Supreme Lord.
raMae ivGaa!>aaveNaNaMaeivYaaeGaTaqv]aDaYaae_NYa&dd*Xau>Sau%aYa ))10))
198 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ COMMENTARY That the devotional mood of the gopés is the topmost form of devotional service is being stressed in these four verses. When Kĺńëa was brought to Mathurä by Akrüra, the gopés could not see anything that would give them happiness because their love for Kĺńëa was so intense. The gopés were situated on the platform of adhirüňha mahäbhäva. In such a loving condition, they felt severe mental agony due to separation from their beloved, Kĺńëa. Because this verse is spoken in the past tense, it is understood that the gopés rejoined Kĺńëa after the killing of Dantavakra. PURPORT No one who desires actual happiness can achieve his goal of life without engaging in the devotional service of the Supreme Lord, who is eternal, full of knowledge, and full of bliss. The gopés, whose attachment for Kĺńëa was intense, felt unlimited distress because of separation from Him, when He and Baläräma left for Mathurä with Akrüra.
TaaSTaa>+aPaa>Pa[eďTaMaeNaNaqTaaMaYaEvv*NdavNaGaaecre +a täs täů kńapäů preńöhatamena nétä mayaiva vĺndävana-gocareëa kńaëärdha-vat täů punar aěga täsäŕ hénä mayä kalpa-samä babhüvuů Dear Uddhava, the nights that the gopés spent with Me in Vĺndävana appeared to them to be no more than a moment. Now, in separation from Me, a night appears to them to be longer than a kalpa. COMMENTARY On the topmost platform of love of God, there are symptoms such as adhiruňha mahäbhäva. Even a kalpa seems like a moment because of attachment for Kĺńëa. And, the same moment appears like a kalpa in separation from Kĺńëa. Lord Kĺńëa says, “Although the gopés spent an entire night of Brahmä with Me enjoying the räsa dance, they considered it to be less than a moment. This was their experience when they were with Me in Vĺndävana.” And yet, the gopés considered the same one moment to be more than hundreds of yugas whenever Kĺńëa went to the pasturing grounds to tend the cows.
Beyond Renunciation and Knowledge TEXT 12 TaaNaaivdNMaYYaNauz®bÖiDaYa>SvMaaTMaaNaMadSTaQaedMa( ) YaQaaSaMaaDaaEMauNaYaae_iBDaTaaeYaeNaŰ>Pa[ivía wvNaaMaćPae ))12))
Just as sages, by means of samädhi, forget the names and forms of this world because of their full absorption in the self, like rivers merging into the ocean, the gopés were so attached to Me that they could not even think of their own bodies, their lives in this world, or their future lives. COMMENTARY It is stated in Ujjvala-nélamaëi that forgetfulness without any question of illusion is a feature of adhiruňha mahäbhäva. This is being described in this verse, wherein it is said about the gopés, “their intelligence was captivated by My association.” Here, the word baddha or “captivated” means that the propensity of the intelligence has become more enthusiastic due to the enchanting pastimes of Çré Kĺńëa. These propensities of the intelligence are just like wish-fulfilling cows that fulfills all of Kĺńëa’s desires. The
while performing räsa dance. They transgressed all worldly etiquette, shyness, fear, and so on, just like sages who forget everything when they realize Brahman while in
single-minded concentration. Actually, the ecstatic love of the gopés is far superior to the dry meditation of the sages who are trying to liberate themselves from the material body. The gopés did not possess material bodies because they were personally dancing with the Supreme Lord and embracing Him. It should be very well understood that the bliss of impersonal Brahman realization hardly equals a tiny fragment of the ocean of ecstatic love of Kĺńëa. The Supreme Lord comes under the control of His pure devotees. The sages were not attached to the Supreme Lord and so they could not control Him with their love. Rivers enter the ocean, losing their separate identity. This is an example to illustrate how devotees become fully absorbed in thoughts of Kĺńëa and thus relish the mellows of devotional service without any concern for their personal existence.
The gopés, whose hearts were fully attached to Kĺńëa and who were thus in a trance of meditation upon the service of the Lord, completely forgot about their relatives, as
200 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ well as their gross and subtle bodies. They forgot about their personal existence—their names, forms, and so on—just as a river loses its identity after entering the ocean.
MaTk-aMaarMa b]řMaa&ParMa&Pa[aPau>Sa®aC^TaSahóXa> ))13))
Çré Kĺńëa herein explains how the gopés attained His shelter: “The gopés desired nothing but Me, the supreme Brahman. How did they attain Me? I enjoyed pastimes with them and thus they experienced great happiness.” In the Çrémad Bhägavatam, Çré Çukadeva Gosvämé said, “After seeing the beauty of Vĺndävana, Kĺńëa desired to enjoy His räsa-lélä pastimes. Although Kĺńëa is self-sufficient, He enjoyed the räsa dance with the gopés.” Did the gopés enjoy Kĺńëa’s company as a husband? No, as a paramour. What was the essential characteristic of the gopés? The Supreme Personality of Godhead said, “The gopés were so attracted by My sweetness and beauty that they forgot about My opulent features. Otherwise, it would not have been possible for Me to enjoy their company. Although they were the most beautiful girls in the creation, they forgot about their own beauty, being attracted by My beauty.” This is what is being indicated by the word asvarüpa-vidaů, “not understanding My actual position or form.”
Because of their strong desire to please Kĺńëa, the gopés, who were completely absorbed in the service of the Lord, and who had only one goal in life, attained the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The gopés were many and the Lord was one. Following their example, innumerable persons of a similar nature attained the association of the Absolute Truth, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Çré Kĺńëa. Although, from an external point of view, the gopés may be considered as women attached to a man other than their husband, because they took shelter of the supreme enjoyer, their conduct is always to be glorified.
Beyond Renunciation and Knowledge TEXTS 14-15 TaSMaatvMauÖvaeTSa*JYacaedNaa&Pa[iTacaedNaaMa( ) Pa[v*ita&ciNav*ita&cé[aeTaVYa&é[uTaMaevc ))14)) MaaMaek-MaevXar YaaihSavaRTMa>aaveNaMaYaaSYaaůku-Taae>aYa> ))15))
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