Maxsus ta’lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti qoshidagi akademik litsey Nurmatov J. N, Kudratov K. X

Leaving a job

The words we use depend on the reason the person left their job:

• 
  They chose to leave:
  

Are you still working for Kett & Smith? No, I left there months ago.

Jane resigned from her job so she could go to college.

I was so angry at the way my boss treated me I resigned/quit straight away.

You usually give notice that you will be leaving a job:

You need to give a month’s notice.

• 
  Their employer no longer needed them or could no longer pay them:
  

120 people lost their jobs/were laid off when the factory closed.

The company had to make another four sales reps redundant.

I’m sorry, George, but it looks like we’re going to have to let you go.

• 
  Their employer was not happy with their work:
  

He was dismissed/fired/asked to leave.

(infml) Did you hear that Rita was sacked/got the sack again?

• 
  They left for a temporary period:
  

He took three month’s leave and travelled around Africa.

I was ill last year and had to take a lot of time off work.

Is Sam in today? No, he is on leave/holiday/ vacation.

Don’t forget I’m off next week.

Ann is taking maternity leave (to have a baby).

Ann is taking two weeks’ sick leave.

• 
  They had reached the age when people usually stop working:
  

Mr Peters retired last month. He was 65.

I’m planning to take early retirement when I’m 55.

I’m retired: I stopped work two years ago.
EX 323 TEXT

HISTORY OF CELEBRATING NAVRUZ (NEW YEAR)
In the book of the great scientist and thinker of the East Abu Raiyhon Al-Beruni «Eternal Monuments of Contemporary,» it is written that during the reign of Jamshid, Navruz was celebrated solemnly and splendidly. Beruni told a story on behalf of his contemporary, the Baghdad mubad (chief religious figure of the Zoroastrians). He told about the sugar cane that was discovered on the day of Navruz, which turned out to be sweet to the taste. Jamshid commanded that the sugar cane be harvested and processed to make sugar. Since that time, people have been accustomed to presenting sweets to each other on Navruz. Before Islam, Navruz was considered to be the main holiday of the Zoroastrian religion. This day of the winter equinox was considered to be the first calendar day of the solar year when nature wakes up from a long winter sleep and every living being comes alive again. According to the legend, not only was nature coming alive again but also souls of the dead were returning to the Earth. On that date when the duration of the day and night was equal, the angels used to descend from heaven. The celebration of Navruz usually lasted for one month. Seven different dishes, beginning with the letters «S» and «Sh» were put on the table (dastarkhan) laid for the guests. Besides that, Navruz had both ritual and political significance.

According to legend, on the day of the Winter Equinox, Jamshid used to rise to the Heaven and there he would get a star. Then during the first days of the celebration of Navruz, he would get back to his throne. Beruni wrote as follows: «when the Sun entered the orbit of the Aries constellation, the spring would usually come. On that day the Khorasaan governors gave their warriors the spring and summer uniforms and treated them with delicious food.” In the Eastern parts of the empire, Beruni wrote how the Navruz holiday lasted from one day to one month. On the sixth day of the month, the Great Navruz would usually come. According to one legend, on that day Allah finished the creation of the world.

It was on this day that he created Saturn. And so, the most joyful hours of Navruz was the time of Saturn, when Allah gave the inhabitants of the earth both happiness and blessings. The Iranian people called that day the “Day of Hopes,” “Ruzi Umed”. The Sasanides also celebrated Navruz solemnly. From the writings of Beruni, we know that they had the following tradition:

On the first day of Navruz, the Padishah would give his address to the people; the second day he solemnly celebrated the holiday with farmers. The third day he devoted to his soldiers, servants and mubads; the fourth day he spent with courtiers and associates and the fifth day, with his family and employees. On the six day he wanted to be alone. On the last day of Navruz he presented all his servants with gifts and entertainment. One final tradition connected with Navruz tells how this day was considered to be the day of Khurazo, or the “day of the water angel.” People would splash water on one another, thus expressing their wish for having more water for irrigation and a good harvest. In the morning people bathed in the reservoirs, sprinkled each other with water, as if cleansing from the smoke and ashes of the fires that had burned in their homes all winter. Water and fresh air were used for cleansing themselves and banishing diseases. At the conclusion of this ritual, Beruni writes that the Prophet’s companion would say «The man will be healthy during the year if he awakens on the day of Navruz before dawn, silently tastes sugar and dabs the body with the olive oil». Thus, during Beruni’s time Navruz was celebrated for the whole month of March. For the first five days, Navruz was observed by the Padishah and his court. The second five days it was celebrated by ministers of religion. The third five-day week remained for celebration by employees and educated people and the fourth five-day week there were organized folk wanderings. The fifth five-day week came to an end with the farmer’s celebration. Navruz was at that time, indeed a nationwide celebration and continues to be to this day.