Otto-suhr-institute

Institute of Political Studies of Paris

"Doctoral School of Sciences-po

Doctoral program of political science

STAKE

Phd in political science - political Theory

Co-supervision of thesis

Freie Universität Berlin

Linz Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften

OTTO-SUHR-INSTITUTE

Dissertation zur Erlangung of akademischen Grades

Doctor rerum politicarum (Dr. rer. pol.)

Cotutelle-Verfahren

Kleros & Demos: 

The theory of the draw in politics to the test bench the practice of the Planungszelle and the jury of citizens.

Die Theory of Losverfahrens in der Politik auf dem Prufstand der Praxis der Planungszelle und der jury citizen

Antoine VERGNE

Thesis directed by

Gil DELANNOI, professor of political science, Science-Po Paris

Univ. - Prof. Dr Gerhard GOHLER, Professor Emeritus, Freie Universitat Berlin

Dissertation, the November 07, 2011 - JURY:

Mrs. M. H. Bryan Kozman, Professor, Western Paris Nanterre La Defense, Pre-rapporteur

MR. H. BUCHSTEIN, Professor, Universitat Greifswald, Pre-rapporteur

MR. G. DELANNOI, professor of political science, Science-Po Paris

MR. G. GOHLER, Professor Emeritus, Freie Universitat Berlin

Table of contents

French Text

Table of illustrations ........................................................................................................... 11

Genre...........................................................................................................................

Summary - Abstract ............................................................................................................... 17

Avant-propos....................................................................................................................

Introduction....................................................................................................................

Part 1: The theory of the prize draw in policy ........................................................ 33

Chapter 1: a typology of the prize draw ............................................................................. 35

1. The drawing within the procedures of choice ...................................................................... 36

1.1 " Who gets what, when and how? ≪.............................................................. 36

1.2 Selection Procedures and procedural blocks ................................................................... 38

1.3 The specificity of the draw: the random moment ........................................................ 41

1.4  Lotteries "natural " and " artificial "................................................................. 43

1.5 Balance Sheet ........................................................................................................................ 44

2. The hardware operation or the black box of the draw .......................................................... 45

2.1 The " price " and the pool of options ........................................................................... 45

2.2 The pool of sorteables ............................................................................................. 46

2.3 The random moment or palos ...................................................................................... 47

2.4 The confirmation and the margin of maneuver .............................................................. 51

2.5 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 52

3. The draw in context: the intellectual operation ............................................................... 53

3.1 The justification, or the reasons of the draw .................................................................. 54

3.2 The receipt, or the interpretations of the draw ........................................................ 64

3.3 The existence of frames anything economically exploitable ..................................................................... 69

4. To prototypes of drawing ......................................................................................... 69

4.1 Review of existing typologies ............................................................................... 70

4.2 A typology in terms of prototypes ....................................................................... 75

4.3 Proposal of typology ........................................................................................... 76

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5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 88

Chapter 2: Prize Draw and political philosophy, a study scientometrics ......................... 91

1. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 92

1.1 Delimitation of the corpus ...................................................................................................... 92

1.2 Thematic distribution of texts ............................................................................... 93

1.3 Analysis scientometrics of the corpus ......................................................................... 94

2. The descriptive texts and historical ................................................................................ 98

2.1 The wide-field: Random, statistical and literature .................................................... 98

2.2 Historical texts and descriptive studies ................................................................ 99

3. Explore the potential of drawing ....................................................................................... 103

4. The texts containing proposals ........................................................................... 104

4.1 Lotteries: distribute goods and evils by drawing ................................................. 105

4.2 The drawing as a method of rational decision and fair ................................ 107

4.3 Distribute the power by drawing: The proposals of sortition .............................. 109

5. The emergence of a new paradigm within the political philosophy ? ................. 114

5.1 Hypothesis .................................................................................................................. 114

5.2 Bibliometric indicators that confirm effect you may estimate a particular project .................................. 115

5.3 The development of a network d'acteurs ................................................................ 122

6. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 125

Chapter 3: Toward a theory of democracy random ........................................................ 127

1. Definition of the field investigations ......................................... ............................................................................. 128

1.1 Corpus ................................................................................................................. 128

1.2 Structuring was debate of being studied ................................................................ 128

2. The " crises " of the political system liberal .................................................................. 129

2.1 " A crisis of representation that never ends not ≪.................................. 129

2.2 The (non)-participation ............................................................................................ 134

2.3 Deconstruct the foundations of liberal regimes ............................................... 137

2.4 A crisis of legitimacy generalized ........................................................................ 143

2.5 Best Practices, of Athens mini-publics ....................................... 144

3. A new democratic era .................................................................................... 145

3.1 Represented by the drawing .............................................................................................. 146

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3.2 Participate in the lottery ............................................................................................ 151

3.3 " Politicize society ≪.............................................................................................. 153

3.4 A new company, without " new man " on.......................................................... 156

3.5 A common line face the criticism ................................................................ 160

4. Diversity and differences ............................................................................................... 162

4.1 Representation and deliberation .............................................................................. 162

4.2 The citizen competence in debate .................................................................... 165

4.3 The intellectual affinities varied .................................................................... 167

5. Put into perspective .................................................................................................... 169

5.1 Precursors, pioneers and smugglers: a historical perspective ................ 170

5.2 Various approaches: a highlighted theoretical .......................................... 173

6. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 177

Part 2: Aix and Poitiers, the theory in the roadtest ....................................................... 179

Chapter 4: The Planungszelle and the jury of citizens, two models aleatoriens paradigmatic ... 181

1. Overview of a gradual renaissance .......................................................................... 182

1.1 A myriad jobs ............................................................................................. 182

1.2 Limitation of the field investigations ......................................... ...................................................................... 185

2. Planungszelle and Citizens Jury, models pioneers of mini-publics ......................... 186

2.1 Methodology: a study of diffusion of innovations .......................................... 186

2.2 1969 - 1979: the emergence of a political innovation ............................................. 187

2.3 1979 - 2002: a slow process of maturation ..................................................... 198

2.4 2002 - 2009: Crisis and stabilization ....................................................................... 202

3. Apparitions, dissemination and hybridisation: the multiplication of models of mini-public. .205

3.1 Two original models ....................................................................................... 205

3.2 The hybrids: a constellation of models more or less ambitious .................. 208

3.3 The mini-public arrive in France ........................................................................ 210

4. Reasons for the choice of the models Planungszelle and jury citizen ....................................... 212

4.1 Analytical Return ..................................................................................................... 212

4.2 Models adapted to the empirical test ................................................................. 218

5. Operationalization of research: Aachen and Poitiers ............................... 220

5.1 The reasons for the choice of these examples .................................................................... 220

5.2 " Eine neue Abfallgebuhrensatzung as Aachen ≪................................................. 221

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5.3 " Assessment of regional action in the fight against climate change " on228

6. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 232

Chapter 5: Aix-la-Chapelle and Poitiers, the theory in action ? ................................................ 235

1. Methodology ............................................................................................................ 236

1.1 The arrangements put in place Aix-la-Chapelle (A) ................................................... 236

1.2 The arrangements put in place in Poitou-Charentes (SC) ................................................ 238

1.3 Translate the expectations ............................................................................................. 240

2. Represented by the drawing and the deliberation? ................................................................. 240

2.1 A Stellvertretung really more faithful ............................................................ 240

2.2 A tilt relative to the mandate ....................................................................... 246

2.3 A proper accountability in the eyes of actors ................................. 268

3. Participate by the drawing and the deliberation ? .................................................................... 271

3.1 All and not everyone: " We have a small end of the world has our table ≪........... 271

3.2 " The opinion of Mr. all-the-world " ? .......................................................................... 274

3.3 The empowerment of citizens .................................................................................. 278

3.4 Become the decisive voter: The power of individual citizens .............................. 283

4. The mini-public, the new mini-companies ? ........................................................ 285

4.1 Make the power to the people ................................................................................... 285

4.2 The mini-public and its environment: the question of legitimacy ........................ 292

4.3 A new society without new Man ............................................................. 300

5. Conclusions .................................................................................................................. 307

Chapter 6: The contours of a policy aleatorienne ........................................................ 313

1. Hagen has Sydney and Vancouver has Wenling: The potential of mini-publics ........... 314

1.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 314

1.2 The Reprasentation ................................................................................................. 315

1.3 The participation ..................................................................................................... 318

1.4 The deliberation and the power of the people ................................................................. 320

1.5 Toward a new society ..................................................................................... 322

1.6 Balance Sheet .................................................................................................................... 324

2. What institutional engineering for the mini-public ? ............................................. 325

2.1 Exceed the weaknesses in based on practices ......................................... 325

2.2 Toward the criteria of quality renewed ................................................................ 328

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2.3 Open questions ............................................................................................ 338

3. The conditions for achieving the policy aleatorienne ............................................. 339

3.1 A change desirable? .................................................................................... 340

3.2 A desired change ? ....................................................................................... 345

3.3 Balance Sheet .................................................................................................................... 348

4. What agenda for the theory of the draw in politics ? .................................................... 349

4.1 The scenarios of change ................................................................................. 349

4.2 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 353

5. Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 355

Conclusion......................................................................................................................

1. Inputs of being studied ........................................................................................................ 357

1.1 A typology relevant ....................................................................................... 357

1.2 The emergence of a theory of democracy random .......................................... 358

1.3 The mini-public: An innovation come Germany. .......................................... 359

1.4 A theory that past the roadtest ..................................................................... 360

2. Limitations and open questions ....................................................................................... 361

2.1 A typology incomplete .................................................................................... 361

2.2 " The age of the draw " on is it " on us " ? ................................................................. 362

2.3 The limits of the methodology ............................................................................ 363

2.4 Some of the unfulfilled expectations ................................................................................. 364

3. " Create the world of tomorrow " on..................................................................................... 366

Bibliographie...................................................................................................................

Annexes.........................................................................................................................

1. Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... 397

2. Documents relating to chapter 4 ................................................................................... 398

2.1 Questionnaire sent to members of the network Planungszelle ................................ 398

2.2 Estimation of the number of Planungszellen, Citizens Juries and derivatives ...................... 399

2.3 Estimation of the number of conferences of citizens in France ................................ 400

3. Documents relating to chapter 5 ................................................................................... 401

3.1 Arrangements put in place Aix-la-Chapelle (A) ............................................................ 401

3.2 Mechanism put in place in Poitou-Charentes (SC) ................................................ 413

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Deutsche Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung - Abstract ............................................................................................ 429

Einführung.....................................................................................................................

Eine Renaissance, die Fragen aufwirft ....................................................................... 431

Stand der Forschung .................................................................................................... 432

Method und Aufbau der Arbeit ...................................................................................... 433

Le Teil 1: Die Theory of Losverfahrens in der Politik .......................................................... 437

'Pralatenwein' 1: Eine Typology of Losverfahrens ......................................................................... 439

Losverfahren als Auswahlverfahren ................................................................................... 439

"Wer bekommt was, wann und wie?" .......................................................................... 439

Die Besonderheiten der einzelnen Auswahlverfahren ................................................. 441

Der prozedurale Block ................................................................................................ 443

Blackbox Losverfahren .................................................................................................... 444

Der Pool der Items, der Ausgange und der Kandidatinnen .......................................... 444

Das aleatorische Moment, oder Palos ......................................................................... 445

Die Bestatigung ........................................................................................................... 447

Das Los im Kontext: Rechtfertigung und Rezeption of Verfahrens ................................ 448

Pro und kontra Kleros: die Rechtfertigung of Losverfahrens ..................................... 448

Die Interpretation of Zufalligen und die Rezeption of Losverfahrens ...................... 454

The Prototypen Losverfahrens ........................................................................................... 455

Ubersicht der existierenden Typologien ...................................................................... 456

Die Theory der Prototypen ....................................................................................... 458

Vorschlag einer Typology ........................................................................................... 459

'Pralatenwein' 2: Losverfahren und politische Philosophy: eine Untersuchung szientometrische ........ 465

Korpus.......................................................................................................................... 465

Deskriptive und erkundende Text ................................................................................. 466

Befurwortende Text ....................................................................................................... 468

Lotterien .................................................................................................................... 468

Das Los als Instrument rationaler und fairer identifiable ...................................... 469

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Posten, oder Sortition und elektives Losverfahren ....................................................... 470

Ein neuer Ansatz in der politischen Philosophie? ............................................................. 472

Hypothesis ..................................................................................................................... 472

Methodik ..................................................................................................................... 473

Ergebnisse .................................................................................................................. 474

Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................... 478

'Pralatenwein' 3: Hin zu einer Theory der Demokratie aleatorischen ................................................ 481

Die Krisen of liberalen politischen Systems ................................................................... 481

Reprasentation und Partizipation in der '............................................................. 481

Die Dekonstruktion der Fundamente der liberalen Demokratie .................................. 483

Eine neue party spectrum comprises Ara ........................................................................................... 485

Eine gerechtere Stellvertretung und eine neue Form der Reprasentation ..................... 485

Gone, nicht jeder: die Partizipation durch das Losverfahren ......................................... 487

Die Entpolitisierung der Gesellschaft .......................................................................... 488

Eine neue Gesellschaft ohne "neue Menschen" ........................................................ 489

Vielfaltigkeit und Diskrepanzen .............................................................................................. 489

Die Debate um die genaue Bedeutung von Deliberation, Reprasentativitat und Kompetenz

................................................................................................................................ 490

Die Vielfaltigkeit der Diskurse und Instrumented ........................................................... 490

Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................... 492