Pembahasan materi meliput berbagai

Pembahasan materi meliput berbagai

• Pembahasan materi meliput berbagai

• ragam gangguan sistem otot dan tulang,

• patologi muskuloskeletal, dan teknik

• pemeriksaannya

MAMPU:

• MAMPU:

• Memahami bentuk gangguan-ganguan

• terkait sistem otot dan tulang, patologi

• musculoskeletal, cara pemeriksaannya,

• berserta implikasi bagi para fisioterapist

Menjelaskan:

• Menjelaskan:

• - Gangguan sistem otot

• - Gangguan tulang

• - Patologi sistem otot

• - BIOLOGIC RESPONSE to TRAUMA

• - Ligamenta

• - Persendian

• - Cartilage

• - Synovia

- Osteomalacia

• - Osteomalacia

• - Osteoporosis

• - Scoliosis

• - Kyphosis

• - Kyphoscoliosis

• - Lordosis

• - Istilah gerak

The most common muscle disorder is injury,

• The most common muscle disorder is injury,

• followed by symptoms caused by a lack of

• blood supply to a muscle (including the heart).

• In addition, there are a number of other rarer

• disorders of muscle.

Muscular dystrophies: cause progressive

• Muscular dystrophies: cause progressive

• weakness and disability.

• Some types appear at birth, some in infancy,

• and some develop as late as the fifth or sixth

• decade.

• One type of cardiomyopathy, a general

• term for disease of the heart muscle, is

• inherited.

The most important infection of muscle is gangrene, which may complicate deep wounds (especially those contaminated by soil).

• The most important infection of muscle is gangrene, which may complicate deep wounds (especially those contaminated by soil).

• Tetanus is acquired in a similar way, causing widespread muscle spasm through the release of a powerful toxin.

• Viruses (especially influenza B) may also infect muscles (causing myalgia), as may the organism causing toxoplasmosis. Trichinosis is an infestation of muscle with the worm trichinella spirilus, which is acquired by eating undercooked meat (usually pork).

Muscle injuries, such as tears and sprains, are very common, they cause bleeding into the muscle tissue.

• Muscle injuries, such as tears and sprains, are very common, they cause bleeding into the muscle tissue.

• Healing leads to formation of a scar in the muscle which shortens its natural length.

• Blunt muscle injury may result in hematoma formation from bleeding into the muscle.

• Rarely, bone may form in the hematoma causing

• myositis ossificans.

Primary muscle tumors may or may not be cancerous.

• Primary muscle tumors may or may not be cancerous.

• Noncancerous tumors are called myomas,

• those affecting smooth muscle are leiomyomas,

• and those affecting skeletal muscle are

• rhabdomyomas.

• Myomas of the uterus are among the most common of all tumors.

Cancerous tumors are called myosarcomas

• Cancerous tumors are called myosarcomas

• and are very rare, cancers of the skeletal

• muscle are known as rhadomyosarcoma.

• Secondary tumors, which spread from a

• primary site of cancer elsewhere in the body,

• very rarely involve muscle.

Muscle contraction depends on the maintenance of proper levels of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++) in and around muscle cells. Any alteration in the concentration of these substances affects muscle function. For example, a severe drop in the level of potassium (hypokalemia) causes profound muscle weakness and may stop the heart. A drop in blood calcium (hypocalcemia) causes increased excitability of muscles and occasionally spasm.

• Muscle contraction depends on the maintenance of proper levels of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++) in and around muscle cells. Any alteration in the concentration of these substances affects muscle function. For example, a severe drop in the level of potassium (hypokalemia) causes profound muscle weakness and may stop the heart. A drop in blood calcium (hypocalcemia) causes increased excitability of muscles and occasionally spasm.