Search York

ter a formal process had been commenced for trial of the Bonner.

validity of the said Bishop's deprivation under King Ed-

ward VI. when Archbishop Cranmer, one of the King's

commissioners, pronounced the sentence of deprivation ;

and Ridley, Bishop of Rochester, succeeded him in the dio-

cese. Bonner, soon after the Queen's access to the throne,

complained to her, that he had been unjustly and contrary

to law deprived ; or rather, that having made a legal appeal

from the commissioners to the King, the deprivation during

that appeal was illegal and null ; and that therefore his

imprisonment, which he afterward suffered, was illegal also ;

and complaining of the losses, and expenses, and troubles,

that he underwent by the means thereof; and desiring li-

berty, by law, of demanding satisfaction. Upon this, the

Queen appointed several Judges' delegates to examine the

whole cause : and to countenance the business the more,

many persons of the greatest honour and quality were joined

with civilians, as delegates ; their names, as they are set down

d2

36 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, in the instrument, were as follow: John Tregonwel and

William Roper, Esqrs.; David Pole, Archdeacon of Darby ;

Anno 1553. Anthony Draycot, Archdeacon of Huntingdon; Gilbert

Bourn, Archdeacon of Bedford; William Cook, Jeffery

Glyn, and Henry Cole, LL. DD. and William Ermested,

Canon of the cathedral church of St. Paul's, London : toge-

ther with William Marquis of Winchester, Henry Earl of

Arundel, Edward Earl of Darby, Francis Earl of Shrews-

bury, Richard Southwell, Robert Southwell, Edward Carne,

Richard Read, Knights ; Maurice Griffith, Archdeacon of

Rochester ; and John White, Warden of St. Mary Winton

college, commissaries and Judges 1 delegates. The commis-

sion ran to them, or any two of them, to hear and deter-

mine the cause. To these delegates did Bonner present his

libel, called in the instrument, a certain appellatory and

querelatory libel, given and offered to them judicially against

all the former King Edward's commissioners, viz. the Arch-

bishop of Canterbury, who is styled as yet Primate and

Metropolitan of all England ; Nicholas Ridley, styled late

Bishop of Rochester; Thomas Smith, Kt.; and William

May, Dean of Paul's ; William Latymer and John Hooper,

Clerks ; (for this last, it seems, they would not own to be

24 Bishop;) who had been witnesses against him. The proc-

tors of the Archbishop, of the Bishop, and Dr. May, ap-

peared. But Smith, Hooper, and Latymer appeared not,

who are said to be absent per contumaciam.
The sen- J n fin^ after several hearings, the sentence definitive was
tence dcfi~
nitive in pronounced by Dr. Tregonwel, (who was soon after knight-

lus behalf. e( j f or his pai nSj ) i n behalf of Bishop Bonner. In which

sentence it is said to have been proved, that there was no-

thing effectual or sufficient on the parts of the Archbishop,

Ridley, and the rest deduced, exhibited, propounded, alleg-

ed, excepted, objected, proved, or confessed, which might

any way enervate the intention of the reverend Father

Bonner. " Therefore, John Tregonwel, LL.D. Commis-

" sary and Judge delegate, first having called [as the sen-

" tence ran] upon the name of Christ, and having God

" alone before his eyes, of and with the consent, assent, and

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 3?

" command of the aforesaid venerable men, William Roper, C H A P.
it
u David Pole, &c. did define and decree, that the said ap- '_
" peal and complaint were and are true, just, and lawful, Anno 1 553.
* and made and interposed upon true, just, and lawful
" causes ; and that the said reverend Father the Archbi-
" shop, and the rest, did proceed, pronounce, judge, and
" sentence amiss : and that on the part of the reverend
" Bishop Bonner, he did justly and lawfully appeal and
" complain. And that the pretended definitive sentence
" made against him was rashly attempted to his prejudice,
" and was null in law, unjust, ineffectual, invalid, &c. And
" they pronounced, decreed, and declared him to be re-
" stored, as well to the possession of his said bishopric, as
" to all his goods and things, with their rights and appur-
" tenances, and to be in the same state in all and by all, as
" the same reverend Father ever before was ; allowing
" him also to take his course for the expenses, losses, and
" incommodities of his imprisonment, and for his evil and
" unjust handling, as he alleged in his libel."
Thus roundly did these delegates proceed in their busi- The deie-

ness, according as was expected. One of these delegates, £ ia]

namely Bourn, was Bonner's chaplain ; and how partially

he stood affected, is evident from a sermon he preached at

Paul's Cross, about the beginning of August, from a text

upon which Bonner had preached that time four years.

For which, as Bourn then and there said, he was most

cruelly and unjustly cast into that vile dungeon of the Mar-

shalsea; and taking occasion hence largely to justify his

master, caused at that time a great hubbub among the au-

ditors, as before is told. The other delegates were men of

the same partiality, favourers of popery, and so no equal

judges in this cause.
The proceedings against Bonner, now called in question, The pro-

may be seen at large in Fox's history. Where it may ap- aga i nst

pear, how fairly he was treated throughout the whole pro- Conner un-

cess, and how contentiously and insolently he behaved him- Edward

self. And as for his appeal to the King, from the sentence ^^ e ^ ts

pronounced against him, the King accordingly issued out &c. p. 1210.

d3

38 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, an order to a great many noblemen, and the learnedest ci-

vilians, well and thoroughly to examine all the proceedings

Anno 1553. of the commissioners against him, and his recusations, pro-

testations, and appeals. These were the Lord Rich Lord

25 Chancellor, the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Marquis of Dor-

set, the Bishop of Ely, the Lord Wentworth, Sir Anthony

Wingfield, Sir William Herbert, Dr. Nicolas Wotton, Ed-

ward Mountague Lord Chief Justice, Sir John Baker,

Judge Hales, John Gosnold, Dr. Oliver, and Dr. Leyson.

AVho, after due discussion and considerate advisement of

all the premises, gave their resolute answer, " that Bonner's

" appellation was naught and unreasonable, and that the

" sentence against him was. rightly and justly pronounced. 1 '

This I set down, to justify what was done against this Bi-

shop, notwithstanding the point blank decision to the con-

trary. Whereby the commissioners of Queen Mary, for

the gratifying of the vain-glory of an unworthy man, did

openly and formally charge injustice upon so many honour-

able, reverend, and learned personages, avIio were the chief

counsellors about that King.

CHAP. III.

A proclamation for religion. Another ', for the valuation of

money. The Duke of Northumberland and Sir John

Gates executed.
The JL HE Queen soon seeing and well understanding how
first e procia- ner subjects stood affected to King Edward's religion ra-
mation con- ther than to hers, and withal considering how assistant
ligion. the Gospellers had been to the seating her in her kingdom,
thought it convenient to issue out a proclamation, dated
Aug. 18, (the day on which the Duke of Northumberland
was tried and condemned,) from Richmond ; to declare she
would compel none to her religion, and her utter dislike of
the odious terms of papist and heretic, and her desire, that
her subjects might live together in godly love and unity.

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 39

And this she did the rather, because in the very beginning CHAP,

of her reign she apprehended some danger of an insurrec-

1553.

tion, by reason that the people, upon reports spread abroad Anno

of the Queen's changing the religion, fell into earnest con-

tentions about questions of religion. Therefore, she think-

ing to pacify and sweeten those of the religion, and yet to

compass her ends in due time by a Parliament, declared

first, " what her own religion was, which she was minded

" to observe and maintain for herself during her life, and

" would be glad the same were of all her subjects quietly

" embraced: yet, that of her gracious disposition and cle- That she

" mency, she minded not to compel any of her subjects * °,JJ pe *

" thereunto, until such time as further order, by common

" consent, might be taken therein. 11 [That is, in effect, as

though she had said, as soon as she might compel by au-

thority of Parliament, she would.] " She forbade all her

" subjects, at their peril, to move seditions, or to stir un-

" quietness, by interpreting the laws of the land according

" to their brains and fancies. She willed them to live to-

" gether in quiet sort and Christian charity ; and forbear

" those neio-found devilish terms (as the proclamation calls

" them) of papist or heretic, and such like ; and apply 26

" themselves to live in the fear of God ; and so express

" their hunger and thirst of God's glory and holy word,

" which many had pretended rashly by their words. That

"if any made assemblies of people, or, at any public as-

" semblies, should go about to stir the people to disorders,

" she would see the same severely reformed and punished.

" And she forbade henceforth all preaching and reading in ah preach-

" churches, or other public or private places, to interpret m & forbld ;

" after their own brains any Scriptures or points of doc-

" trine : all printing of books, ballads, rhymes, interludes ; And print-

" not to play those interludes without special licence. Like- JJJJ'^*^

" wise, that none should presume, of their own private au- licence.

" thority, to punish any offender in the late rebellion, under

" the Duke of Northumberland or his accomplices, or to

" seize any of their goods ; but to refer all unto her Majes-

" ty, and to public authority. Yet not hereby to restrain

d 4

40 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " or discourage any from informing against such offenders

." unto her Grace or Council; resolving to punish with se-

Anno 1553." ver ity and rigour all unlawful and rebellious doings.

" She charged all mayors, sheriffs, and all other officers, to

" see to the observing of these her commandments, and to

" apprehend all such as should wilfully offend, committing

" them to gaol without bail or mainprise ; and certificates

" of their names and doings to be sent to her or her Coun-

" cil."" But he that is minded to see and consider the whole

proclamation, Avhich had more of rigour than mercy, and

administered much more of fear and jealousy, than of hope

Act. and to the professors of the Gospel, may have it in Fox. And,
p. 1280. I believe it to be drawn up by the hand and head of Bishop

Gardiner, now Lord Chancellor. This was followed three

days after by another ; commanding, " that no man should

" reason against the doings of her Grace and her Council ;

" and that what she did should be for the honour of God,

" and profit of her subjects'' souls. 11

The value Another proclamation issued forth, August 20, about the
certained." coin. For care was taken, upon the Queen's first coming to

the crown, that the gold and silver money should not go

above the intrinsic value of it : of which so much care had

been taken by King Edward. This was one of those things

whereby the Queen intended to ingratiate herself in her

new government to her people. And therefore a proclama-

tion was sent abroad, Aug. 20, [Holingshed placeth this

amiss on the 4th of Septemb.] for ascertaining the value of

each piece ; and, moreover, declaring the Queen's intention

suddenly of coining new money. This care of the Queen

is set forth, by terming it, " her great and abundant cle-

" mency, 11 and her " tender care to her loving subjects : 11

adding, how sensible she was of the great intolerable

charges had come to her subjects by base money. She ap-

pointed then
Coins of The piece, called the sovereign, of fine gold, should go
K° ld; at 30*.
The half sovereign, which should be called the royal of

gold, at 15.?.

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 41

The other piece of gold, which should be called the an- CHAP.

gel, at 10*.

The half angel at 5*. Anno 1553 -

And of coins of silver ; one piece, that should be called 27

a groat, should be current for 4(7. And of sii-

ver
The half of which, which should be called the half groat,

for %d.
The half of the half groat, which should be called a

penny, for 1(7.
And all base money, which had been reduced to the va-

lue of a lower rate, should go current in payment, as the

same was current at that day, and was declared by a pro-

clamation in the time of Edward VI. until such time as the

Queen should take further order touching the same. The

proclamation I have placed in the Catalogue. Numb. v.

As many had been imprisoned, and some condemned, on Some exe-

the Lady Jane's account, so Aug. 22. were three executed ;

namely, the Duke of Northumberland, the great wheel of that

plot, Sir John Gates, and Sir Thomas Palmer, the first ac-

cuser of the Duke of Somerset. The lofty Northumberland The Duke

was in the last reign grown too big for a subject: and as he "j^^'j

did what he would, both with the King and with the no-

bles, having struck a terror into every man, and being

feared by all, and loved by none, there was not any left

now to speak a good word for him. The manner of his

end, and how at his death he confessed he had always

been a Papist, other historians will relate. As to his wealth

and estate, which he had obtained partly by the King's

gifts, and partly by his own purchases from the crown,

at what rates he pleased, this that follows is some account

thereof.

Anno 1° Edwardi VI. He obtained a patent, dated De- His lands,

cemb. 22, granting to him, in consideration of his service of ^ w >VL

against the Scots, the manor of Hostinghanger, in the

county of Kent, late parcel of the possessions of Thomas

Lord Poynings, and divers other lands and tenements in

Kent, Warwick, Derby, Suffolk, and Salop.

He had a patent dated the same year, June 22, in com-

pliment of King Henry VHIth's will, and in consider-

42 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, ation of service, and for the supportation of his estate of

_ Earl of Warwick : whereby he had lands from the King, of

Anno 1553. the yearly value of 300Z. beyond reprize, (*. e. beside rents

reserved to the crown,) viz. the lordship and manor, and

town and castle of Warwick, and the manor of Hasseley

and Rudbroke, otherwise called Hampton upon the Hill,

in the county of Warwick, with the appurtenances, here-

tofore pertaining to Richard Earl of Warwick, attainted of

high treason ; and divers other manors, lands, and tene-

ments, in the counties of Warwick, Gloucester, Middle-

sex, Salop, Lincoln, Suffolk, Essex, Chester, York, Here-

ford, Stafford, Somerset.
Anno Edw. VI. 2°. Aug. 17. He, together with Richard

Forset and others, purchased for 1286/. 5s. 8cl. the manor

of Chedworth in Gloucestershire, and the scite of the col-

lege of Penkridge in Staffordshire, and divers other lands

in the counties of Gloucester, Stafford, Wigorn, Hertford,

Surrey, Salop.

Anno Edw. VI. 3°. In consideration of the castle, lord-

ship, and manor of the village and town of Warwick, and

28 divers other lands and tenements, he had, by patent, dated

Jan. 6, the manor of Minstrew Well, with all its rights,

members, &c. in Oxfordshire, and the park of Cornbury in

the same county, late parcel of the possession of Jasper

Duke of Bedford ; and divers other lands, tenements, and

hereditaments in the counties of Oxford, Hertford, Not-

tingham, Berks, Wigorn, and Gloucester, valued at 470/.

9*. Id. yearly. Again, in consideration of the manors and

parks of Ostinghanger, Aldington, and Saltwood, in Kent,

and divers other lands and tenements, he had a patent,

dated July 19, whereby the King gave him the manor of

Feckenham and Forstam, and the park of Feckenham, in

the county of Wigorn, with its rights, members, &c. and

divers other lordships, lands, and tenements, in the counties

of Wigora, Oxford, Carmarthen, Warwick, Derby, and

Denbigh : value 141/. 6s. 3ob. yearly.

Anno Edw. VI. 4°. Of the King's special grace, and in

consideration of service, he had a patent, dated May 20, by

virtue whereof were granted him all the lordships and ma-

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 43

nors of Prowdehew, Rothburv, Markworth, Aldington, CHAP,

and Byrling, and the forest, barony, and castle of Prowde-

hew, and the castle and park of Markworth, and the forest Anno 1553.

of Rothbury, and the town and park of Aklington, in the

county of Northumberland, with the appurtenances, for-

merly belonging to Henry Earl of Northumberland ; and

divers other lands and tenements in Northumberland, Dur-

ham, York, Norfolk, London, Denbigh, Warwick, Rich-

mond, Cambridge : value 693Z. 6s. lOobq.

Again, by another patent, dated May 27, the King, of

his special grace, granted him the office of keeper, warden,

or governor of the county of Northumberland, and the ge-

neral marches of the realm of England towards the parts of

Scotland, viz. in the parts of the east marches and-the mid-

dle marches, and in the dominion of Scotland, for the term

of his life : and had allowance for the maintenance of an

hundred horsemen ; that is, for each Wd. a day, during the

King's pleasure ; to be paid by the hand of the treasurer of

the Court of Augmentation, or by the hand of the general

receiver of the county of York. His salary was WOOL and

lOd. a day beside for each horseman.

Again, an. Reg-. Echo. VI. 4°. he had a patent, dated

July 25. By virtue whereof, in consideration of divers

lordships, lands, and tenements in the counties of Northum-

berland, York, Hertford, Middlesex, the King granted

him the lordship, manor, and castle, village and town of

Warwick, with their rights, members, &c. and divers other

lordships, lands, tenements, &c. in the counties of Warwick,

Kent, Surrey, Berks, Suffolk, and Norfolk.

Yet again, a patent, dated Sept. 10, in consideration of

the lordships of Wresel and Newsham, in the county of

Lincoln, and divers other lands and tenements in the coun-

ties of Lincoln, Kent, and Sussex, the King granted him

all the whole castle of Tunbridge, and the lordship and ma-

nor of Tunbridge, with their appurtenances, in Kent, par-

cel of the possession called Buckingham's lands, and divers

other lordships, lands, tenements, &c. in Kent, Carmarthen,

Warwick, and Gloucester : value 105/. 5s. 6obq.

44 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. In the same year he had a lease granted him, in rever-

sion, of all the house and scite of the late priory of St. Ci-

Annoissa. riol, alias Penmaine, in North Wales, for one and twenty

29 years, with other lands : paying yearly therefore 31Z. &s.
Yet once again, he obtained, together with his son John

Lord Lisle, a patent for the office of keeping the chief mes-

suage of the manor of Essher, in the county of Surrey, and

the keeping of the gardens and orchards there, and the

keeping of the park there : with the office of lieutenant of

the chace of Hampton Court ; with the fees. Both these

last dated in December. All this before he was created

Duke.
An. Reg. Edzo. VI. 6°. He, being now Duke, received

another favour from the King ; and that was, a pardon for

the sum of two thousand fourscore and fourteen pounds,

seventeen shillings and three pence.
To which add, that an. Reg. Echo. VI. 7°. the bishopric of

Durham being dissolved, was, by new letters, turned into

a county palatine in May, and given to him. And, lastly,

in June, the King gave him the manors of Feckenham,

Bromesgrove, and King's Norton, in Worcestershire, with

divers other lands, to the yearly value of 3007. Which yet

he enjoyed a very short time ; as he was despoiled of all

the rest, which he had been heaping up during the last

reign ; reckoning thereby to raise a great family ; wherein

he was miserably disappointed.

Sir John As also was Sir John Gates, his great creature, who suf-
Gates's
places come fered with him ; whose places and offices the Queen gave

to Sir Hen- unto si r Henry Jerningham, or Jernegan, soon after mas-

ry Jerning- J ° m o '
ham. ter of the horse and privy counsellor; who had been very
assistant in Suffolk and Norfolk, in raising forces for her

there. Sir John Gates had the office of keeper of the

King's park at Eltham in Kent, and of keeper of his houses

in the manor of Eltham ; and the office of keeper of the

new park at Home in Kent. By his attainder, Queen

Mary gave all these offices (being forfeited) to the said

Jerningham, under the name of her counsellor, Henry Jer-

ningham, Esq. vice-chamberlain of her household, for the

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 45

term of his life. And gave him,. moreover, the fee of three CHAP,

pence a day for the exercise and occupation of the said of- '__

fice of keeper of the park of Eltham : and for the office of Ann0 1553 -

keeper of her houses in her said manor of Eltham, six pence

per day, and the fee of ten marks a year : and for the office

of keeper of Home park, the fee of four pence a day. To

enjoy all these fees in as full and ample manner as John

Gates or Thomas Speke, Knts. enjoyed them. She granted

also Jerningham, the keeper's house or lodging, adjacent to

the capital house of Eltham, for his own occupation, with-