Search York

del ; who rode next the abovesaid chariot. Then followed

a third chariot, and six ladies in crimson velvet carried in the

same ; viz. the Lady Stourton, Lady Lumley, Lady Went-

worth, Lady Rich, Lady Paget, and Lady Mordaunt. Then

next this chariot rode ten ladies and gentlewomen in crim-

son velvet, their horses trapped with the same ; viz. the

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 55

Lady Fortescue, Lady Petres, Lady Walgrave, Lady CHAP.

Bruges, Lady Mansel, Lady Kemp, Lady Clarentieux,

Mrs. Finch, Mrs. Grirangham, [Gerningham perhaps,] and Ann ° i& 53 -

Mrs. Sturley. After them followed also on horseback nine

other gentlewomen and maids in crimson satin, their horses

trapped with the same. After them followed the Queen's

chamberers, viz. Mrs. Dormer, Mrs. Barkley, Mrs. Brown,

Mrs. Bacon, Mrs. Clark, Mrs. Basset, Mrs. Sydney, Mrs.

Bayneham, the mother of the maids, Jane Russel, Elizabeth

Lugbure, Barbara Eyre, Elizabeth Scarloke.
And thus was the Queen conducted from her Tower of The cere-

London to her palace of Westminster ; and there she re- ™ omes oa

r ' the corona-
posed for that night. On Sunday, Octob. 1, the day of hertion day.
coronation, in the morning, at a convenient hour, the Queen

took her barge, and landed at the old palace of Westmin-

ster, at the privy stairs; where all her estates gave their

attendance : and from thence brought her unto the Parlia-

ment chamber, which was richly hung. And from thence

to her privy chamber appointed for her Highness : where

she appareled herself, and reposed with her ladies, till or-

der was taken for her coming to church. The ray-cloth

was laid from the marble porch in the hall, to the pulpit in

Westminster church. And the pulpit was covered with red

worsted. The stage royal, from the choir to the high altar,

garnished with cloth of gold, and cushions of the same.

Then followed the order of proceeding from the hall to the

church. When the Queen came, she was assisted by the

Bishop of Durham on the right hand, and the Earl of

Shrewsbury on the left. Her train borne by the Duchess

of Norfolk, assisted by the Lord Chamberlain, Sir John

Gage. Then approached unto her Highness the Bishop of

Winchester, Lord Chancellor, in pontificalibus, with obei-

sance, and censed her, and after cast holy water. And all

the rest of the Bishops met her, mitred and in their copes,

and her chapel also in copes of cloth of gold, singing, with3jr

three crosses and silver candlesticks, and holy water-stocks,

and censers ; waiting on her to the Abbey church. All the

ladies followed the Queen to church, two and two, accord-
e 4

56 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, ing to their estate. After some ceremonies performed, she

walked into the four parts of the mount, [a place prepared

Anno 1553. f or her,] shewing herself to all the people. Beside her the

Bishop of Winchester stood, and declared to the people the

purpose of the present solemnity, and with demand of their

The Bi- consent, in these words ; " Sirs, here present is Mary,

speech to " rightful and undoubted inheritrix, by the laws of God

the people, a anc j maI1) ^ fa e crow n and royal dignity of these realms

" of England, France, and Ireland. Whereupon you shall

" understand, that this day is prefixed and appointed, by

" all the peers of this land, for the consecration, inunction,

" and coronation of the said most royal Princess Mary.

" Will ye serve at this time, and give your good- will and as-

" sents to the said consecration, inunction, and coronation P"

Whereunto the people answered all in one voice, Yea, yea,

yea. God save Queen Mary. The sermon was made by

the Bishop of Chichester ; who was esteemed, of all the Bi-

shops, the floridest preacher. Her Highness being brought

to her traverse, there being a pall holden over her by these

Knights of the Garter, the Lord Paget, Sir Thomas

Cheyne, Sir John Gage, and Sir Anthony St. Leger, she

was anointed by the Bishop of Winchester : and the crown

set upon her head by the said Bishop, and other ceremonies

performed according to the ancient usage. And afterward

the office of mass was begun by the same Bishop. Lastly,

the Lords temporal and spiritual did their homage to the

Queen. The spiritual Lords that now did homage, were

the Bishops of Winchester, London, Durham, Exeter, Ely,

Coventry and Litchfield, Carlisle, Peterborough, Worces-

ter, Chichester, and Landaff.

She dines in When all was done, her Grace returned to Westminster-

Westmin- , ,, ,. ...
ster-haii. hall to dinner, it being now four of the clock and past.

The Duke of Norfolk rode up and down the hall, being his

place as high marshal. Here were present also the Earl

of Darby, high constable of England ; the Earl of Arun-

del, high butler; the Lord Burgany, chief launderer; Dy-

mock, the Queen's champion. All this ceremony was ac-

companied with the melody of all sorts of instrumental

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 57

music. The Earl of Devonshire bare the sword, the CHAP.
IV

Earl of Westmorland the cap of maintenance, the Earl of.

Shrewsbury the crown. The young Earl of Surrey was Anno1553 -

doer under the Duke of Norfolk, his grandsire. The Earl
of Worcester was her Graced carver that day at dinner.
The Lord Windsor served in another great office. There
sat at several tables the Lady Elizabeth and the Lady Ann
of Cleves. It was candlelight ere the dinner was concluded :
and then the Queen took barge, and departed.
The next day, being the morrow after her coronation, Knights

she made fourscore and ten Knights; dubbed in her pre- m

sence by the Earl of Arundel, high steward of her house-

hold : whose names are recorded in the Catalogue. Numb. VII.

The 4th of October, the Archbishop of York and divers Punishment

others were carried to the Tower. For, presently after the d * H e n n _ upon

coronation, certain commissioners sat at the Dean of St. quents.

Paul's house ; where all that were tardy were summoned.

And many were made prisoners, and sent some to one prison,

others to another. Others were forced to buy their peace,

by submitting to great fines ; and others by relinquishing

their fees and offices granted them under King Edward.

The Queen's first Parliament began to sit on the 5th day 38

of October, (not the 10th, as the continuer of Fabian's ^ he ,

' v Queen s
Chronicle writes,) and so Cooper and Fox, perhaps, from first Pariia-

him, and Bishop Burnet in two places, probably taking his ^ s n t t# Re .

mistake from some of them. The Parliament began with form. p.25i,

much formality, a solemn mass of the Holy Ghost being

sung in Westminster church, according to the ancient cus-

tom. The Queen rode thither in her Parliament robes, and

all her Bishops and Lords in their scarlet robes were at-

tending, trumpets blowing afore them. Here she heard

that mass, with two Bishops waiting on her, one whereof

delivered her the chapter and other things. After she had

heard mass, they went to the Parliament house all together,

the Earl of Devonshire bearing the sword, and the Earl of

Westmorland the cap of maintenance.
The first session lasted to the 21st of the said month ;

during all which time only three bills took place ; whereof

58 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP, one only was made public : the time, I suppose, being spent

' in hot contests and animosities, and such bills brought in as

Anno 1 553. were not very acceptable. That act of this Parliament that

°"! p e '^ llc was made public, seemed to proceed chiefly out of a partial

plaining favour to the Duke of Norfolk, but flourished with such

expressions of the clemency which became princes, that it

might be thought to proceed purely from the Queen's care

and tenderness of the lives of her subjects. For the Duke

had been a prisoner in the Tower all the last reign, and a

little part of the former ; a stiff Papist, and one that had

thrown out divers ill words of King Henry VIII.; as, that

the King loved him not, and that because he was so well

beloved of his country : he complained, he was not of that

King's most secret council: he talked, that his Majesty

was sickly, and could not long endure, and the realm was

then like to be in an ill case through diversity of opinions.

For these and such like words he was committed a prisoner

to the Tower, where he remained to the death of King

Henry, and all King Edward's days, having been by the

Parliament attainted; which, nevertheless, was taken off

the next sessions of Parliament. And Henry Earl of Sur-

rey, his son, for such like words, and the poor crime of as-

suming somewhat into his coat of arms, was actually be-

headed : and so, some time before, had been the Marquis

of Exeter, and the Countess of Salisbury, and other Pa-

pists. Now this speciously gracious act set forth, " how

" the Queen called to her remembrance, that many honour-

" able and noble persons, and others of good reputation,

" had lately, for words only, suffered shameful deaths, not

" accustomed to nobles : and therefore of her clemency,

" and trusting her loving subjects were contented that such

" dangerous and painful laws should be abolished ; and

" from henceforth no act, deed, or offence, that had been

" by act of Parliament made treason, &c. by words, writ-

" ing, ciphering, deeds, or otherwise, should be taken, had,

" or deemed to be high treason, petty treason," &c. But

that none of those multitudes of King Edward's friends, or

the Lady Jane's well-willers, or professors of the Gospel,

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 59

that were already taken up and crowded in jails, should re- CHAP,

ceive benefit by this wonderful act of clemency ; it was pro-

vided, that nothing in that act should in any wise extend to Anno 1553.

give any manner of benefit, advantage, or commodity to any

person or persons being the last day of September arrested

or imprisoned for treason, or to any person heretofore being

indicted of treason, petty treason, &c. before the last day of 39

September : or, if they were, not actually taken up, yet, if

they were so much as commanded to keep his or their house

or houses, or other men's houses, or otherwise excepted out

of the Queen's most gracious pardon, given the day of her

coronation, &c. all these should suffer such pains of death,

losses, forfeitures of lands and goods, as in cases of treason.

There was also another branch of this act, which was for a branch

evacuating all King Henry VIII. his laws for incurring fj^r-

premimire ; which often curbed the clergy, and, par ticu- ring pre-

larly, if they presumed to make any laws in convocation

without the King's special licence. This branch therefore

seemed to be added to this act for restoring to the convoca-

tion, now ready to sit, its ancient power.
But to make the better way for this bill to pass, many King Hen-

there were in the house that shewed themselves exceeding [^J*^

hot against the King's laws, especially such whose penalty against.

was death. Some of these zealous speakers wei*e of the

Queen's Privy Council, and others were lawyers, who by

this their forwardness were made of her learned Council.

They inveighed against them as cruel and bloody laws.

They termed them Draco's laws; which were written in

blood. Some said, they were more intolerable than any

laws that Dionysius, or any other tyrant, ever made. In

conclusion, as many men, so many bitter names and terms

those laws had. One would have thought, that when for-

mer laws were so resented for the pretended bloodiness of

them, this reign should have been more tender of the lives

of men. But there was little amendment. And when it

pleased the higher powers now to call any man's life or

words into question, there would be constructions, inter-

pretations, and extensions, reserved to the Justices' and

60 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. Judges' 1 equity, that the party triable found himself in much

worse case than before, when those cruel laws stood in force.

Anno 1553. Thus the amendment of this time was, out qf God's blessing

into the warm sun, as Sir Nicolas Throgmorton said in open

court at his own trial soon after. To which practice we

may add that great abundance of blood of the Queen's

peaceable subjects shed, merely because they could not

comply with what they believed to be error and false doc-

trine ; as we shall read in the ensuing story.

Two pri- Of the same import were the two other private acts made
this session. Shewing thereby her favour towards those of

the Roman persuasion, that had suffered for their treasons

under her father. For one of these was for the restitution of

Edward Courteney, Earl of Devon, son of the Marquis of

Exeter, beheaded ; the other, for the restitution of the

Lady Gertrude Courteney, widow to the said Marquis.

AConToca- A Convocation accompanied this Parliament. On the

26th of October, (as a book printed by Cawood, giving ac-

count of the beginning of this synod, sets it down,) or ra-

Harpsfieid ther the 16th, did John Harpsfield, B. D. the Bishop of

preac es. London's Chaplain, open the Convocation by a Latin ser-

mon upon St. Paul's exhortation, Acts xx. Take heed to

yourselves, and to ilie whole jlock, over which the Holy

Ghost hath made you overseers, &c. After he had named

his text, and divided his matter he intended to treat of from

it, he recommended his undertaking unto the people's pray-

His exhor- ers : and exhorted them, " first, to pray for the most se-

* raver ° " rene anc ^ illustrious Queen, that what God had begun in

" her, and what he had begun in them by her, he would

40 " perfect : that he would confirm her in the kingdom, and

" confirm them in all good by her." Then he ran out in a

His praises large panegyric of her, saying, " that there were highly

of Queen « j us t causes why they ought to do this. For that which,

in; " after Olofernes's head was cut off, Ozias, the prince of the

" people of Israel, said to Judith, Blessed art thou, dauglt-

" ter of the most high God, above all women upon the earth:

" blessed be the Lord God, which hath created the heavens

" and the earth, which hath directed thee to the cutting off

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 61

the head of 'the chief of our enemies : which this day hath CHAP.

so magnified thy name, that thy praise may not depart .

"from the mouth of men, who have remembered the power Anno 1553.

" of the Ijordfor ever. For whom thou hast not spared thy
" life, by reason of the straits and tribulation of thy nation,
" but hast prevented our ruin before the sight of our God.
" This most truly agreeth to our Queen. That which here-
" tofore Queen Esther did for the Jews, that doth she at
" this present for us; that our mourning and sadness is
" turned into mirth and joy, that there may be days of
"feasting and gladness, to send portions of food to one an.
" other, and to give gifts to the poor. That which we read
" written of Deborah, The strong ceased in Israel, and were
" at rest, until that Deborah arose, a mother arose in Israel.
" The Lord chose new wars : which, a few words changed,
" might be said thus most agreeably concerning our right
" illustrious Queen ; Religion ceased in England, it was at
" rest, until Mary arose, a virgin arose in England. The
" Lord chose new wars* That which our Saviour in the
tc New Testament pronounced of the sister of Martha,
u Mary hath chosen the best part, [thereby was intended a
" gentle reproof for the Lady Elizabeth, the Queen's sister,]
" the same hath place most truly in our most serene Queen.
" For since she is sprung of the most famous stock of kings
" and emperors ; nor, as a great part of the nobility hath
" been accustomed, hath she chosen the vain joys of perish-
" ing things, but hath made choice of piety and pui'ity of
" life. And being lately advanced to the kingdom, she
" seeketh not her own, but hath chosen the things which
" belong to the peace, to the profit and benefit of her peo-
'* pie: she hath chosen learning, virtue, and holiness. And
" for this she is elect and chosen of God, and by him most
" gloriously magnified in our eyes : so that she may sing
" with the virgin Mary, the mother of God, Behold, from
" henceforth all generations shall call me blessed ; because
" the Lord, who is powerful, hath done to me great things,
" and holy is his name. Her, our deliverer, let us most
" diligently recommend in our prayers to God. 1 ' Thus,

62 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

chap, even to blasphemy, did the Popish clergy flatter their

' Queen.

Anno 1553. Then he proceeded next to recommend to their prayers

the Lady Elizabeth, the Queen's sister, but not a word of

commendation for her. Then the Queen's Counsellors:

next, the Bishop of the diocese : then the Bishop of Win-

chester, Lord Chancellor. Upon whom he bestowed these

And of the praises : " That in the beginning of his episcopal function,

Winchester. " ' le ^id stoutly labour in the Lord's vineyard, and in these

" latter years, being the Lord's prisoner, had most con-

" stantly [alluding perhaps to the feigned name he set be-

" fore his book, Marcus Antonius Constantius] defended

" the Christian faith, by publishing admirably learned and

u Christian books, and, by the mercy of God, preserved it

" safe to them and the kingdom, among so many dangers ;

" and at that present, by his wit, experience, learning, and

" virtue, most valiantly maintained as well the difficult af-

41 " fairs of the kingdom, as the cause of Christ. Then he

" commended to their prayers the venerable Lord Cuthbert

*' Tunstal, Bishop of Durham, who as well for his gray

" hairs, as for his parts, piety, learning, experience of

" things, and sufferings for Christ, was highly to be re-

" spected. Then was recommended to their prayers the

" Lord Nicholas Hethe, Bishop of Worcester, and the Lord

*' George Day, Bishop of Chichester, two excellent heroes,

" and noted for all virtuous qualities worthy of Bishops ; to

" whom it was given not only to believe in Christ, but to

64 suffer for him." But I wonder how he came not to men-

tion a word of the sufferings of his lord and master Bonner,

the Bishop of London, who was deprived and imprisoned

as well as the rest. Certainly that was a blame-worthy

omission.

His sermon. In his sermon he fell very foul upon the late times of

King Edward, and the preachers then. He called them

" wolves that entered into the flock, and that most cruelly.

" Good God ! how savagely did they butcher the Lord's

" flock ! What numberless souls did they plunge into hell !

" How many pernicious doctrines did they bring into the

UNDER QUEEN MARY I. 63

" kingdom! A thing, said he, before our age, none ever CHAP.

" had dared to do. How did they give a terrible shock to .

" all ecclesiastical doctrines at once ! This, as he went on, Anno 1553.

" we have lived to see in these times. Neither had ceremo-
" nies their use, nor faith its soundness and integrity, nor
" manners their purity. They framed new sacraments, new
" rites, a new faith, new manners. The sacred Scriptures
" they thought were to be understood, not according to the
" consent of our elders, but according to the dreams of
" their own brains. What licence did they give themselves!
" How many places of Scripture did they corrupt ! In
" what horrible precipices did they throw down both them-
" selves and as many as followed them ! And because other-
" wise they could not procure to themselves authority, un-
" less they slandered and laid false accusations to the charge
" of the Catholic Priests and Bishops, they inculcated lies
" of them without number. In fine, they had, in effect,
" ruined Christ's religion, and had filled the nation with in-
" numerable errors. The Gospel, which so frequently they
" had in their mouths, they fought against in an hostile
" manner, by their works and their manner of doctrine. 11
Afterward he proceeded to direct to the course to reform

these evils. And he told his reverend fathers and brethren,

" that he thought it the wisest course to recal those eccle-

" siastical laws which had been made before ; and that there

" was no need of their great labour and study to invent new

" canons. He exhorted, that such things might flourish

" which had been wholesomely instituted by their ancestors;

" and which had flourished before these innovations of

" things. Which being before observed, kept the people in

" their duty ; but lately, being neglected, a casement was

4 ' opened to heresy, schism, and to all licentiousness. Let

" these things flourish, I say, and then, even whether we

M will or no, we shall diligently mind ourselves and the

" flock. When he said, he would have the old canons take

" place, he meant not only, that by common consent they

" should be ratified, but that they should be practised ac-

" tually in the Clergy's manners, and in all their lives. For,

64 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL

CHAP. " what would it signify to have good laws constituted in the

' " Church, unless the lives of men were instituted according

Anno 1553." to them? Nor indeed had there been any time wherein

42 " Bishops and Priests ought more cautiously and diligently

" to lead their lives. That heresy was never so widely

" spread through this kingdom ; never were the minds of

" men so prone to errors ; never so bent to the liberty of

" the flesh ; never so impatient of order and severe disci-

" pline : that unless they let their light shine before them

" by their example ; unless by teaching, admonishing, ex-