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day he preached a public and seasonable sermon concerning fasting. Wherein he first defined a fast : then divided it into his parts; distinguished all the kinds of fasting ; shewed the necessity of it; unfolded the causes; taught the effects and benefits of it: and then excited the auditors most earnestly " to the keeping a true Christan fast ; and accused " and blamed in many respects the pharisaical and papist- " ical fasting ; whereby God was but superstitiously wor- " shipped, a snare cast upon the consciences of the weak, " and death, damnation, and the torments of hell denounced, " if any did not observe their frigid and pitiful constitu- " tions ; and if without their leave and licence any ate flesh '' and milk-meats, God's clean creatures, however mode- " rately they did it, and soberly, with thanksgiving, and sanc- " tification of God's word, according to the Apostles rule. " Then he prayed and beseeched them to stand fast in the 208 " liberty to which Christ had called them, and that none OF KING EDWARD VI. 325 " should judge others in meats and drinks; that being re- ^H^^P. " deemed from the weak and beggarly elements of the " world, they became not the servants of men. And then ^""0 ^^49. " in a sad voice he cried out, Parcite sangumi Christi, " parcite anirnabus vestris, i. e. O spare the blood of Christ! " spare your own souls !'' And so came off with great ap- plause and admiration of many, and among the rest of Dr. Henry Cole of New college, that was almost in an ecstasy at the hearing : yet one of the starters aside afterwards. Parkhurst, a Fellow of Merton, and an earnest professor Parkhurst, ' . . , , pa fnend of of the Gospel, (afterwards Bishop of Norwich,) was one ot Martyr. Martyr's great friends and acquaintance, and whom Park- hurst loved as his father. He, being removed from the University to the rich rectory of Cleve in Glocestershire, often invited him to come to his house to refresh himself : but Martyr could never find time to do it. There was a certain liquor made of rough pears, called perry, used much in the counties of Glocester and Worcester, which the reve- rend man loved to drink when he was hot or feverish. This his friend Parkhurst used to supply him with. Upon a challenge rudely given this Professor, he entered ^i^^^yr and the public hsts in St. Mary's: the account whereof let they differ- other histories relate. But Martyr, June 15, wrote to Bucer J^^^^J^^^nt. concerning this his public disputation. Bucer five days after wrote again to him a letter in answer, dated from Can- terbury, where he was with the Archbishop, I suppose. By which letter may be judged, that there was some differ- ence between Martyr's and Bucer's opinion in the matter of the Eucharist ; and what that difference was. For Mar- tyr gave his questions thus : I. In Sacramento EucliaristicB non est panis et vini tran- substantiatio in corpus et sanguinem Christi. II. Corpus et sanguis Christi non est carnaliter aut cor- poraliter in pane et vi7io ; 7iec, ut alii dicunt, sub speciebus panis et vini.
sacramentaliter. y3 326 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL BOOK Now Biicer in his letter signified, that he could have been ' glad Martyr had proposed his second question thus : nnoi549. Covpus CJuisti no7i continetur localiter in pane et vino, nee lis rebus affixiim aut adjunctum est uUa mundi ratione. And to the third, Bucer wished had been added, Ita ut credentibus Christus hie vere exhibeatur ; fide ta- men, nullo vel sensu, vel ratione hujus seculi, intuendus. disputa- And as thus in the public schools, so privately in the hrist's colleges, disputations were held. This same year 1549, at hurch, Christus Church, happened a solemn disputation concerning X libr. De puTgatory, and praying for the dead. Then Chrysostom oehb. per ^^g produced, and some other Fathers and learned writers, ut. Paris, to asscrt, that this doctrine was upheld by the authority of '^^•P'^^' the Apostles; and that it ought therefore to be sacred to pious men, and piously believed and observed by all Chris- tians. But Dr. Cox, Dean of that college and church, re- plied. Hand temerh subscribendum est iis, &c. i. e. " That we " were not too hastily to subscribe to such things which " even the learnedest and most ancient authors deliver to " us, to have proceeded from the Apostles : nor therefore to " believe purgatory, because the Apostles taught, that we " should pray for the souls of the dead. And he proved it " thus : The Apostles, said he, delivered, that the souls of '' the dead might be helped by our prayers, and were to be 209 " helped. Therefore there is a purgatory, or we must be- " lieve, that the prayers of the living are profitable vmto " the dead. The conclusion is weak, since the Apostles, " added Cox, enjoined the Gentiles to abstain from blood, " and strangled, as their Acts do shew. And yet that de- " cree of theirs doth not bind us, who are Gentiles, to ab- " stain from these."" This is produced as Cox's argument, as it is crudely, and, I suppose, disadvantageously and falsely set down by Dr. Richard Smith, the fickle Papist. Whereat he cries out, " O that man's blind mind, who yet would be " accounted an assertor of true doctrine, and a vindicator " of godliness ! But how unworthy is he to be the chief of " that University !"" For he was the Chancellor there. OF KING EDWARD VI. 327 Bucer also this year took his share of responding in a CHAP. public disputation in Cambridge, in behalf of the truth, as ^'" Peter Martyr had done at Oxford. His questions were. Anno 1549 concerning tJie sufficiency of the holy Scriptures^ of the fal- ^,^^^^ j,J,i,. lihility of churches, and of justification hy faith. But Yong, ^'^^^^^^^^ ^ one of Bucer's opponents, drew out the matter to a greater length; and a particular dispute was instituted between them afterwards, by a kind of challenge on Yong's side, as Smith of Oxford had done with Peter Martyr.
One of Buccr's questions was, that the good worlcs which beuveen any seem to do before justification have the nature of sin. "^^^ ^"^ Hereat Yong took great offence, and complained to tlie senate of the University against him, saying, that Bucer Buccii was in a grievous error. But in Bucer's presence Yong^^^j^jj^ spake not so much, but more mildly after this sort, that he for his part agreed not with Bucer, because the Scripture and Fathers spake otherwise. But Bucer on the other hand said, that he confessed and believed what the King's Ho- mihes taught of good works. The issue was, that Yong entered the lists of disputation with the reverend man against his tenent. When the disputation was over, Yong and his party laboured to make as bad representations of Bucer as they could, to run the stranger down. Both of them penned their disputations. But Yong's paper, as Bucer affirmed, contained many falsities ; and when Bucer desired to have it, it was denied him. Whereas he offered his to all men to read and examine. The truth is, he was in some concern and fear, that misreports might be carried to the Court and elsewhere to his disadvantage. Therefore he sent a copy of his disputation to Cheke to communicate to Ridley, now Bishop of London : and in August 1550, wrote to Mr. Grindal, President of Pembroke hall, and Chaplain to the Bishop of London, " desiring him to ac^ " quaint the Bishop diligently with the truth of the case, " as he had wrote it, in the controversy between him and "Yong; and having read himself what he [Bucer] had '' writ, to convey it safely to his Lordship. He appealed
328 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL BOOK *' to several his gravest auditors, and namely, Dr. Parker, " Dr. Sands, (who afterwards were both of them Bishops,) nno 1549. " men that would deal faithfully, [in their repoils of his " disputation,] in like manner Dr. Busbe, the Vice-Chan- " cellor. He applied himself to him, [Grindal,] who was, " he said, a chief member of Christ, and his colleague in " the most sacred office of ministering the word of God ; " entreating him to write to the Bishop of London in his " matter, being visitor of the University, a doctor, a divine, " and one of their college ; and to obtain of him his advice, 210" what he [Bucer] should do: telling Grindal, that he fear- " ed he might be misrepresented by the Papists. For, he " said, they did with marvellous art strive to derogate from " his ministry, wheresoever they could do it. And do it " they could, said he, with not a few, both gentlemen and " others.^' Yong and his party could not but acknowledge, that they were pressed hard with the King's Homilies ; and so in effect, they confessed, they made for Bucer against them. And yet these very Homilies they had subscribed to. Whereat the pious man cried out, O hominum religi- oneml O incogitantes divijii Judicii animos ! O the reli- gion of these men ! O minds little mindful of God's judg- ment ! that will severely light upon such as lie and dissem- ble with him. isputation Besides these disputations of Bucer, the Kind's commis- Cam- . , . ^. ^^ . .....*',,, idge be- sioners, bemg at this University m a visitation, had the matter of transuhstantiation largely discussed there before them by divers learned men on both sides. And after all, it was learnedly determined by Ridley, Bishop of Rochester, one of the visitors. Alban Langdale was one of the dis- putants in favour of the Popish opinion ; who, for his zeal, became Archdeacon of Chichester under Queen Mary. This man composed a pretended confutation of Bishop Ridley's determination ; and printed it at Paris. The privilegium regium to authorize the printing of it, was dated the vii. of the ides (that is, the seventh day) of February, 1553. But it was not printed till three years after, when Langdale was secure that Ridley could make no reply. His method was,
re the
>itors. OF KING EDWARD VI. 329 that first Ridley's determination was set down, and then CHAP. Langdale's confutation followed. The epistle dedicatory ^^^' was to Sir Anthony Brown, wherein he pretended to give Anno 1549. a particular account of the managing of this dispute. But Pilkington, then of St. John's, who was another of these dis-N.Ba«eiy. putants, (afterwards Bishop of Durham,) in a printed book of his, shewed how Ridley's determination at that time gave great satisfaction to the students. Where, giving account of this matter, he writes, " that Dr. Ridley, Bishop of Ro- *' Chester, came in visitation to Cambridge, and because the " doctrine of the sacrament seemed then strange to many, " he propounded this proposition at that time to the whole " University to dispute upon, that it could not be proved hy " any ancient writer Greek or Latin, which lived a thousand " years since, or within five hundred years after, Christ, that " the substance of the bread was changed in the sacra- " ment to the substance of Christ's body. Disputation be- '' ing ended, the Bishop made all things so clear in his de- " termination, that they were so convinced, that some of " them would have turned Archbishop Cranmer's book of *' that subject into Latin," &c. The use of the Common Prayer in English, lately enacted The King's by Parliament, was twice this year, 1549, pressed by special ^gg o7the letters of the King and his Council upon the governors of Common the Church, to see it duly observed in all their churches. For it was not performed so universally nor regularly as it should have been. In the month of July this command was issued from the King, then at his manor of Richmond, to Thirleby, Bishop of Westminster ; importing, " that Registr. " after great and serious debating and long conference of '"^ * " sundry the Bishops, and other grave and well learned men " in the holy Scriptures, one uniform order for common " prayers and administration of the sacraments had been " and was most godly set forth, not only by the common *' agreement and full assent of his nobility and commons 211 " in the late Parhament ; but also by the like assent of the " Bishops in the same Parliament ; and by all other learned " men of this realm in their synods and convocations
330 MEMORIALS ECCLESIASTICAL BOOK " provincial: like as it was much to his comfort to under- ^- "" stand the godly travail then diligently and willingly taken, Anno 1549. " for the true opening of things mentioned in the said book; " whereby the true service and honour of Almighty God, " the right administration of the sacraments, being well and " truly set forth according to the Scriptures and use of the " primitive Church, much idolatry and vain superstition " was taken away : so it was no small occasion of sorrow to " him to understand, by the complaints and informations of " many, that our said book, so much travailed for, and so " sincerely set forth, &c. remained in many places of his " realm, either not known at all, or not used ; or at least " very seldom, and in irreverent sort. As the people in " many places either had heard nothing, or if they heard, " they neither understood, or had that spiritual delectation " in the same, as to good Christians appertained."' And then the King proceeded to lay the fault of all this upon them, the Bishops and Priests, or some of them. And then, " that considering that by that and such like occasions " his loving subjects remained in their old blindness and su- " perstitious errors ; and in some places in an irreligious " forgetfulness of God ; whereby his wrath might be pro- " voked against him and them : and remembering withal, " that among other cures committed to his princely charge, " lie thought this the greatest, to see his glory and true " service of him maintained and extolled; by whose cle- " mency he acknowledged himself to have all that he had : " that he could not therefore, but by the consent and ad- " vice of his uncle, Edward Duke of Somerset, Governor " of his person, and Protector of his realms, &c. and the '< rest of his Privy Council, admonish him [the Bishop] of " the premises : wherein, as it had been their offices to " have used an earnest diligence, and to have reformed the " same in all places within his diocese, as the case required ; " so had he [the King] thought good to pray and require " him ; and nevertheless straitly to charge and command " him, that from henceforth he should have an earnest and " special regard to the redoube of these things : so as the OF KING EDWARD VI. 331 " curates might do their duty oftener, and in more reverend CHAP. " sort ; and the people be occasioned by the good advices ^^^' " and examples of them, their chancellors, archdeacons, and Anno 1549. *' other inferior ministers, to come with oftener and more " devotion to their said common prayer ; to give thanks to " God, and be partakers of the most holy Communion. " Wherein, shewing themselves diligent, and giving good " example in their own persons, they should both discharge " their duties to the great Pastor, (to whom we must all " have to account,) and also do him [the King] good service. " And of the other side, if he should hereafter, these his '' letters and commandments notwithstanding, have eftsones " complaint, and find like faults in his diocese, he should " have just cause to impute thereof, and of all that should " ensue thereof, unto him : and consequently be occasioned '' thereby to see otherwise to the redress of these things : '' whereof we would be sorry. And therefore we do eftsones " charge and command you, upon your allegiance, to look '' well upon your duty herein, as ye tender our pleasure. 212 " Yeven under our signet at our manor at Richmond, the " 23d of July, the Sd year of our reign."
" in God, our right trusty and wellbeloved, the Bishop of " Westminster." Mr. Fox in his Marty rology supposed this letter was writ only to Bishop Boner, reprimanding him for his negligence ; but meeting with it in the register of another Bishop, I conclude it was a common letter to them all. In the same register it appears how obedient he was to the King's said will and pleasure. For accordingly he executed the said letters to his brother, The Bi- the Archdeacon of Middlesex, and to his official, &c. certi- ^^'^P'^ ^^'^^^ fying them of the said letters, and the import of them : deacon upon " and that he was right well-willing and desiring, that the J^^^^J^'"^'* " said letters of the King should in all points be duly exe- " cuted, according to the tenor and import of the same .... " Therefore charged him diligently, considering the effect " and words of the same letters, that from henceforth, with all " diligence, wisdom, and dexterity, to travail earnestly, as
iviJLiviuitlilJ^a J^UUJLi^MAJM 1UA1-. BOOK
I. Anno 1549. a His order to his ap- paritor. Regist. Thirlb.
The King again to the Bishops, for the use of the Com- mon Prayer. well in his own person, for and concerning the due ob- " serving and accomplishing of the said letters, as also with
" command all persons, vicars, curates, church-wardens, to " observe and accomplish the same from time to time. And *' charging them to make certificate therein to him, or his " chancellor ; and also of the persons, or names of such as " henceforth should be found negligent in doing their duties " in the premises. Geven at his house at Henden, the 28. " of July, 1549.'' The said Bishop of Westminster also appointed George Cragges his apparitor ; " that whereas he, the Bishop, had " received the King's letters concerning the due observation " and uniform order of common prayer and ministration " of the sacraments, now of late most godly set forth ; and " desiring the said letters should in all things be executed : " therefore to monish and command all persons and vicars " and church-wardens, to appear personally before him, or " his chancellor, or his deputy, in the cathedral church of " St. Peter's Westminster, and in the consistory place there, " on the first of August next ; to see and hear the contents " and purposes of the said letter ; to be further opened and " effectually declared unto them. And further to do and " receive, for the due accomplishing and observing of the " same.'' Thus did Bishop Thirleby go along with the re- formation in Kinff Edward's reio-n. Again, five months after, in the month of December, the King sent his letters to this Bishop, as well as to the rest ; urging again the strict observation of the Common Prayer ; and that upon a particular occasion. The troubles that now the good Duke of Somerset, the Protector, fell into, gave great hopes to the popishly affected subjects, that the old Mass would come into use again, and the Common Prayer be cast off; as depending chiefly (as they supposed) upon the authority and sway of the Protector, the main ruling cause of bringing it into the Church. Therefore the King in his letter thought fit to take notice of it: namely, " hoAV " some persons, upon the apprehension of the Duke, had *' noised and bruited abroad, that they should have again CHAP. " their old Latin service, their conjured bread and water,
" with such like vain and superstitious ceremonies : as though Anno 1549. " the setting forth of the latter Book of Common Prayer " had been the only act of the forenamed Duke. " Therefore by the advice of the body and state of his 213 «« Privy Council, not only considering the said book to be " his own act, and the act of the whole state of the realm ; " but also the same to be grounded upon holy Scripture, " according to the order of the primitive Church, and tend- " ing much to the edifying of his subjects; to put away all " such vain expectation of having the public service, &c. " in the Latin tongue, which were a preferring of ignorance " to knowledge, and darkness to light, &c. he [the King] " thought good to require him, [the Bishop,] and neverthe- " less to charge him, immediately upon the receipt hereof, " to command the Dean and Prebendaries of his cathedral " church, and the parson, vicar, and curate, and church- " warden of every parish, to deliver to him, or his deputy, " all antiphoners, missals, grails, processionals, manuals, &c. " after the use of Sarum, Lincoln, York, Bangor, Hereford; " and all other books of service; the keeping whereof should " be a let to the usage of the Book of Common Prayer ; " and those books to deface and abolish : that they never " after might serve to any such use as they were at first " provided ; and be at any time a let to the godly uniform " order. And that if he [the Bishop] should find any per- " son stubborn and disobedient in not bringing in the said " books, to commit them to ward, .... unto such time as " he should have certified him [the King] of his misbeha- " viour. He commanded further, that search should be " made from time to time, whether any such books were " withdrawn or hid, contrary to the tenor of these letters. " And whereas divers fro ward and obstinate persons had " refused to pay for the finding of bread and wine for the Yüklə 12,09 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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