Reading. Reading is the second form of writing. It is a complex process of decoding a message presented in written form , which the child masters during the learning process. In the early stages, reading itself is the child’s subject of study. In the first grade, a student first acquires the ability to recognize letters, then syllables, then words and whole sentences. Gradually, these skills are consolidated and become an automated skill, which becomes a means of acquiring academic knowledge8. During schooling, a child must master cognitive skills :
1. Understand texts of various types and genres
2. Find in them the information you need, which is given in the text in explicit and implicit form
3. Comprehend the content of the text read
4. Understand the meaning of texts
5. Interpret the text, expressing your thoughts about what you read. Reading in school education takes a leading role.
When reading aloud, the brain works :
1. Occipital lobe (processing of visual information)
2. Parieto-occipital lobe
3. Serial organization of articulation and eye movements (kinetic component)
4. Processing of auditory information
5. Processing of kinesthetic information
6. Control (visual and speech-auditory) and regulation of action
7. Tone (selective brain activation)
When reading to oneself, the brain works (when the child has developed full-fledged reading aloud):
The eye movement remains, but the articulatory system works in a minimized mode - we don’t say anything, but we make micromovements close to internal speech.
Reading speed Reading speed is influenced by the familiarity of the word and the frequency of use of the word. The best option: standardized texts.
Speed guidelines:
1st grade 1st half of the year: syllable-by-syllable reading, reading speed is not measured, because reading speed is very fast
1st grade 2nd half year: 20-25 words per minute
2nd grade 1st half year: 25-30 words per minute
2nd grade 2nd half year: 40-50 words per minute
3rd grade 1st half year: 50-60 words per minute
3rd grade 2nd half year: 60-70 words per minute
4th grade 1st half year: 70-80 words per minute
4th grade 2nd half year: 80-90 words per minute
