Aos residentes do Hospital Presbiteriano-Shadyside da



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Cognition and Emotion 12 (1998): 353-385; Yamasaki, H.; LaBar, K. S. et al. “Disso­ciable pre frontal brain systems for attention and emotion”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99, n° 17 (2002): 11447-11451.

  • Macmillan, M. B. (1986) “A wonderful journey through skull and brains: the travels of Mr. Gage's tamping iron”, Brain and Cognition, n° 5 (1986): 67-107.

  • Damasio, H.; Brabowski, T. et al. “The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient”, Science 264 (1994): 1102-1105.

  • Eslinger, P. J.; Damasio, A. R. “Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: patient EVR”, Neurology 35 (1985): 1731-1741.

  • R. Levenson et al. “The influence of age and gender on affect, physiology, and their interrelations: a study of long-term marriages”, Journal of Perso­nality and Social Psychology 67 (1994).

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. Flow: the psychology of optimal experience (Nova York: Harper & Row, 1990).


    Capítulo 3: O coração e suas razões

    1. Harrer, G.; Harrer, H. “Music, emotion and autonomic function”.,In: Music and the brain. Critchley, M.; Hanson, R. A. (orgs.). (Londres: William Heinemann Medical, 1977) 202-215.

    2. Grossarth-Maticek, R.; Eysenck, H. J. “Self-regulation and mortality from cancer, coronary heart disease and other causes: a prospective study”, Personality and individual Differences 19, n°6 (1995): 781-795; Linden, W.; Stossel, C. et al. “Psychosocial interventions for patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis”, Archives of Internal Medicine 156, n° 7

    1. : 745-752; Ornish, D.; Scherwitz L. et al. “Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease”, Journal of the American Medical Association 280, n°23 (1998): 2001-2007.

    1. Frasure-Smith, N.; Lesperance, F. et al. “Depression and 18-month prog­nosis after myocardial infarction”, Circulation 91, n° 4 (1995): 999-1005; Glassman, A.; Shapiro, P. “Depression and the course of coronary artery disease”, American Journal of Psychiatry 155 (1998): 4-10.

    2. Armour, J. A.; Ardell, J. Neurocardiology (Nova York: Oxford University Press, 1994); Samuels, M. “Voodoo death revisited: the modern lessons of neurocardiology”, Grand Rounds, Departmento de Medicina, Centro Médico da Universidade de Pittsburgh, Hospital Shadyside, 2001.

    3. Armour, J. A. (org.). “Anatomy and function of the intrathoracic neurons regulating the mammalian heart”, Reflex control of the circulation (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1991); Gershon, M. D. “The enteric nervous sys­tem: a second brain”, Hospital Practice (Office Edition) 34, n° 7 (1999): 31-32, 35-38, 41-42 passim.

    4. Carter, C. S. “Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love”, Psychoneuroendocrinology 23 (1998): 779-818; Uvnas-Moberg, K. “Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions”, Psychoneuroendocrinology 23 (1998): 819-835. Cantin e Ge- nest, pesquisadores de Quebec que descobriram o FNA (fator natriuréti- co atrial), estão entre os primeiros a descrever o coração como uma glân­dula hormonal. Cantin, M.; Genest, J. “The heart as an endocrine gland”, Clinical and Investigative Medicine 9, n° 4 (1986): 319-327.

    5. Stroink, G. “Principles of cardiomagnetism”, Advances in Biomagnetism,

    S.J. Williamson et al. (orgs.) (Nova York: Plenum Press, 1989) 47-57.

    1. Coplan, J. D.; Papp, L. A. et al. “Amelioration of mitral valve prolapse after treatment for panic disorder”, American Journal of Psychiatry 149, n° 11 (1992): 1587-1588.

    2. Gahery, Y.; Vigier, D. “Inhibitory effects in the cuneate nucleus produced by vago-aortic afferent fibers”, Brain Research 75 (1974): 241-246.

    3. Akselrod, S.; Gordon, D. et al. "Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control”, Science 213 (1981): 220-222.

    4. Umetani, K.; Singer, D. et al. “Twenty-four hours time domain heart rate variability and heart rate: relations to age and gender over nine decades”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 31, n°3 (1999): 593-601.

    5. Tsuji, H.; Venditti, F. et al. "Reduced heart rate variability and mortality risk in an elderly cohort, the Framingham heart study”, Circulation 90, n° 2 (1994): 878-883; Dekker, J.; Schouten, E. et al. "Heart rate variabi­lity from short term electrocardiographic recordings predicts mortality from all causes in middle-aged and elderly men. The Zutphen study”, American Journal of Epidemiology 145, n° 10 (1997): 899-908; La Rovere, M.; Bigger, J. T. et al. "Baroreflex sensitivity and heart-rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction”, The Lan­cet 351 (1998): 478-484.

    6. Carney, R. M.; Rich, M. W. et al. "The relationship between heart rate, heart rate variability, and depression in patients with coronary artery diseas e”, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 32 (1988): 159-164; Rechlin, T.; Weis, M. et al. "Are affective disorders associated with alterations of heart rate variability?”, Journal of Affective Disorders 32, n° 4 (1994): 271— 275; Krittayaphong, R.; Cascio, W. et al. "Heart rate variability in pati­ents with coronary artery disease: differences in patients with higher and lower depression scores”, Psychosomatic Medicine 59, n° 3 (1997): 231-235; Stys, A.; Stys, T. "Current clinical applications of heart rate variability”, Clinical Cardiology21 (1998): 719-724; Carney, R.; Freedland, K. et al. "Change in heart rate variability during treatment for depression in patients with coronary heart disease”, American Psychosomatic Society 62, n° 5 (2000): 639-647; Luskin, F.; Reitz, M. et al. "A controlled pilot study of stress management training in elderly patients with congestive heart failure”, Preventive Cardiology 5, n° 4 (2002): 168-172.

    7. McCraty, R.; Atkinson, M. et al. "The effects of emotions on short-term power spectrum analysis and heart rate variability”, The American Journal of Cardiology 76, n°14 (1995): 1089-1093.

    8. Barrios-Choplin, B.; McCraty, R. et al. "An inner quality approach to reducing stress and improving physical and emotional well-being at work”, Stress Medicine 13, n°3 (1997): 193-201.

    9. Watkins, A. D. "Corporate training in heart rate variability: 6 weeks and 6 months follow-up studies”, Hunter-Kane, London (2002).

    10. Katz, L. F.; Gottman, J. M. "Buffering children from marital conflict and dissolution”, Journal of Clinical Child Psychology 26 (1997): 157-171.


    Capítulo 4: Vivendo a coerência cardíaca

    1. McCraty, R. (org.). Science of the heart: exploring the role of the heart in human performance (Boulder Creek, CA: Institute ofHeartMath, 2001).

    2. McCraty, R.; Atkinson, M. et al. "The effects of emotions on short-term power spectrum analysis and heart rate variability”, The American Journal of Cardiology 76, n° 14 (1995): 1089-1093.

    3. Luskin, F.; Reitz, M. et al. “A controlled pilot study of stress manage­ment training in elderly patients with congestive heart failure”, Preventi­ve Cardiology 5, n°4 (2002): 168-172.

    4. Barrios-Choplin, B.; McCraty, R. et al. “An inner quality approach to reducing stress and improving physical and emotional well-being at work”, Stress Medicine 13, n° 3 (1997): 193-201.

    5. Baulieu, E.; Thomas, G. et al. “Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sul­fate, and aging: contribution of the DHEA study to a sociobiomedical issue”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 97, n° 8 (2000): 4279-4284.

    6. Kirschbaum, C.; Wolf, O. et al. “Stress and treatment-induced elevation of cortisol levels associated with impaired declarative memory in healthy adults”, Life Sciences 58, n° 17 (1996): 1475-1483; BremnerJ. D. “Does stress damage the brain?”, Society of Biological Psychiatry 45 (1999): 797- 805; McEwen, B. The end of stress as we know it (Washington, DC: Natio­nal Academic Press, 2002).

    7. McCraty, R.; Barrios-Choplin, B. et al. “The impact of a new emotional self-management program on stress, emotions, heart rate variability, DHEA and cortisol”, Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science 33, n° 2 (1998): 151-170.

    8. Rein, G.; McCraty, R. et al. “Effects of positive and negative emotions on salivary IgA”, Journal for the Advancement of Medicine 8, n°2 (1995): 87-105.

    9. Cohen, S.; Tyrrell, D. A. et al. “Psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold”, New England Journal of Medicine 325, n° 9 (1991): 606-612.

    10. McCraty, R. (org.). Science of the heart: exploring the role of the heart in human performance (Boulder Creek, CA: Institute ofHeartMath, 2001).

    11. Ibid.


    Capítulo 5: Dessensibilização e Reprocessamento pelo Movimento Ocular (EMDR): o mecanismo de cura da própria mente

    1. Rauch, S. L.; Vander Kolk et al. "A symptom provocation study of post- traumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script- driven imagery”, Archives of General Psychiatry 53 (1996): 380-387. Vários estudos de PTSD com imagens do cérebro realizados desde então aponta­ram a existência de outras regiões do cérebro possivelmente envolvidas na PTSD. Ela permanece uma área vigorosa de pesquisa, com as discor- dâncias e controvérsias costumeiras a respeito da interpretação das des­cobertas. Preferi ilustrar os correlativos neurais da PTSD com este estu­do mais antigo porque ele captura bem - no nível neurológico - a essên­cia do que vemos como clínicos: emoções fortes, imagens visuas vívidas e expressão verbal debilitada.

    2. Breslau, N.; Kessler, R. C. et al. “Trauma and posttraumatic stress disor­der in the community: the 1996 Detroit area survey of trauma”, Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (1998): 626-632.

    3. Shapiro, F. EMDR treatment: overview and integration. EMDR as an integra­tive psychotherapy approach (Washington, DC: Associação Psicológica Americana, 2002).

    4. LeDoux, J. E. "Brain mechanisms of emotions and emotional learning”, Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2 (1992): 191-197.

    5. Pavlov, I. P Conditioned reflexes (Londres: Oxford University Press, 1927).

    6. Quirk, G. I. "Memory for extinction of conditioned fear is long-lasting and persists following spontaneous recovery ”,Learning and Memory 9, n° 6 (2002): 402-407; Morgan, M. A.; Romanski, L. M. et al. "Extinction of emotional learning: contribution of medial prefrontal cortex”, Neuros­cience Letters 163, n° 1 (1993): 109-113.

    7. LeDoux, J. E.; Romanski, L. et al. "Indelibility of subcortical emotional memories”, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1 (1989): 238-243. LeDoux, J. E. The emotional brain: the mysterious underpinnings of emotional life (Nova York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).

    8. Ver a rede neural deste fenômeno desenvolvida por Jorge Armony no labo­ratório de LeDoux em colaboração com meu próprio laboratório na Univer­sidade de Pittsburgh: Armony, J.; Servan-Schreiber, D. et al. "Computatio­nal modeling of emotion: explorations through the anatomy and physiolo­gy of fear conditioning”, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1, n° 1 (1997): 28-34.

    9. Solomon, S.; Gerrity, E. T. et al. "Efficacy of Treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder”, Journal of the American Medical Association 268 (1992): 633-638.

    10. Wilson, S.; Becker, L. et al. "Eye Movement Desensitization and Repro­cessing (EMDR) treatment for psychologically traumatized individuals”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 63 (1995): 928-937; Wilson,

    S.; Becker, L. et al. "Fifteen-month follow-up of Eye Movement Desensi­tization and Reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and psychological trauma”, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psycho­logy 65 (1997): 1047-1056.

    1. Os antibióticos apresentam bons resultados em 90% dos casos de pacien­tes externos com pneumonia, mas somente em 80% dos pacientes que exigem hospitalização. Tais casos, obviamente, são mais sérios. Fine, M.; Stone, R. et al. “Processes and outcomes of care for patients with com- munity-acquired pneumonia”, Archives of Internal Medicine 159 (1999): 970-980.

    2. Shapiro, F. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: basic principles, protocols and procedures. 2. ed. (Nova York: Guilford, 2001); Stickgold, R. “EMDR: a putative neurobiological mechanism”, Journal of Clinical Psycho­logy 58 (2002): 61-75.

    3. Cyrulnik, B. Les vilains petits canards (Paris: Odile Jacob, 2001).

    4. Van der Kolk, B. “Beyond the talking cure: somatic experience and the subcortical imprints in the treatment of trauma”. In EMDR as an integra­tive psychotherapy approach. F. Shapiro (org.). (Washington, DC: Associa­ção Psicológica American, 2002); Shapiro, F.
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