English as a business language

Heating to temperatures which are sufficient to kill microorganisms inside the food is a method used with perpetual stews.


Jugging is the process of stewing the meat (commonly game or fish) in a covered earthenware jug or casserole. The animal to be jugged is usually cut into pieces, placed into a tightly sealed jug with brine or gravy, and stewed.


Freezing is also one of the most commonly used processes, both commercially and domestically, for preserving a very wide range of foods, including prepared foods that would not have required freezing in their unprepared state. For example, potato waffles are stored in the freezer, but potatoes themselves require only a cool dark place to ensure many months' storage. Cold stores provide large-volume, long-term storage for strategic food stocks held in case of national emergency in many countries.


Pickling is a method of preserving food in an edible, antimicrobial liquid. It can be broadly classified into two categories: chemical and fermentation


Sugaring is a food preservation method similar to pickling. It is the process of desiccating a food by first dehydrating it, then packing it with pure sugar. This sugar can be crystalline in the form of table or raw sugar, or it can be dense liquid saturated with sugar such as honey, syrup or molasses.


Word file:
Food preservation – qidanın mühafizəsi
Spoil – korlamaq, xarab etmək; spoilage – korlama, xarab olma
Indigenous – yerli
Dry – quru; drying – qurutma
Salt – duz; salting, pickling – duzlama
Prevent – qarşısını almaq
Common – ümumi
Jar – banka
Jug – küpə, bardaq, saxsı qab; jugging – küpədə, saxsı qabda bişirmək
Mix – qarışdırmaq; mixture – qarışıq
Vinegar – sirkə
Brine – duzlu su
Boil – qaynatmaq; boiling – qaynama
Harmful – zərərli
Airtight – hava keçirməz
Grease – 1.yağ, piy; 2.sürtkü yağı
Freeze – donmaq, dondurmaq; freezing – dondurma, donma
Heat – istilik; heating – isitmə


Questions:

1. 
   What means food preservation?
   
2. 
   What common techniques of food preservation do you know?
   
3. 
   What can you say about boiling?
   
4. 
   What is the synonym of the word “salting”?
   
5. 
   What is canning? What does provide canning method?
   
6. 
   And what about home canning?
   
7. 
   What can you say about a method of confit?
   
8. 
   What about preserve cooling?
   
9. 
   What is heating? Jugging? Pickling?
   
10. 
    Who can give information about freezing?
    
11. 
    Which method is similar to pickling?
    
12. 
    And what can you say about sugaring?
    

Canning technology

Canning is a method of food preservation in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container. Canning provides a shelf life that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer.

In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the Bertrand, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the National Food Processors Association. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.

Home canning or bottling is the process of preserving foods, in particular, fruits, vegetables, and meats, by packing them into glass jars and then heating the jars to create a vacuum seal and kill the organisms that would create spoilage.

Though ceramic and glass containers had been used for storage for thousands of years, the technique of canning which involves applying heat for preservation was only invented in the first decade of the 1800s. Before that, food storage containers were used for non-perishable foods, or with preservatives such as salt, sugar, vinegar, or alcohol.