English as a business language

Types of beverages (drinks)


Alcoholic drinks are wine, whiskey, beer, liqueur, champagne, vodka, brandy, etc.
Non – alcoholic drinks are fruit juice, water, milk, lemonade, tea, limeade, buttermilk, compote and so on.
Warm beverages include coffee, tea, hot chocolate, green tea, etc.

A machine or pot for brewing coffee is a coffeemaker.

Coffee drinks include espresso, latte, cappuccino, Americano, Turkish coffee, etc.


Hot chocolate is a heated drink consisting of melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.
Tea is a hot drink made by infusing the dried crushed leaves of the tea plant in boiling water. Teahouse is a place serving tea and other refreshments.


Cocktail is alcoholic mixed drink which is either a combination of spirits, or one or more spirits mixed with other ingredients, such as fruit juice, flavored syrup, or cream.
Cocktail may have additional ingredients such as sugar, honey, milk, cream, herbs.
Brewing is the process of making beer.
Lemonade is a drink made from lemon juice and sweetened water.
Word file:
Alcoholic – spirtli; opposite: non – alcoholic – spirtsiz
Grape –üzüm
Cherry – albalı
Pomegranate – nar
Dark – tünd, qaranlıq
Dark-colored – tünd rəngli
Violet, purple – bənövşəyi
Mature – yetkin, yetişmiş; kamil
Bitter – acı
Fermentation – fermentasiya, qıcqırma, qıcqırtma
Enough – kafi, kifayət
Bubble – qabarcıq, köpük
Champagne – şampan
Winemaking – şərabçılıq
Grow – yetişdirmək, becərmək
Compare – müqayisə etmək
Ripe – yetişmiş, dəymiş. opposite: unripe
Crush - əzmək
Bare feet – ayaqyalın
Store – 1. mağaza; 2. anbar, ehtiyat; 3.saxlamaq
Choice – seçim
Steel – polad
Barrel – çəllək
Customer – müştəri, alıcı
Carbonated water – qazlı/mineral su. Syn: sparkling water, soda water, mineral water, fizzy water


Questions:
1. What kind of beverage is wine?
2. How many types of wine are there?
3. What can you say about red wine? White wine?
4. What about rose wine?
5. What is a sparkling wine?
6. What kind of sparkling wine can you name?
7. How does winemaking process begin?
8. Which ways of picking grapes are there?
9. How can people store the wine?
10. What alcoholic drinks can you name? Non - alcoholic? Warm beverages? Coffee drinks?
11. What is a coffeemaker?
12. What is a hot chocolate? Tea? Cocktail? Lemonade?
13. What are the synonyms of the "carbonated water"?
Technology of tobacco


Tobacco is an agricultural product of the leaves of plants in the genus of nicotine. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the chief commercial crop is Nicotiana tabacum. Cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use worldwide. Other tobacco products include pipe tobacco, various smokeless tobacco products, cigars, cigarettes, etc. Tobacco products can generally be divided into smoked and smokeless tobacco.
Tobacco production: cultivation, curing
Tobacco is cultivated similarly to other agricultural products. Seeds were at first quickly scattered onto the soil. After the plants are about 20 cm tall, they are transplanted into the fields. Farmers used to have to wait for rainy weather to plant. A hole is created in the tilled earth with a tobacco peg, either a curved wooden tool or deer antler.
Tobacco is cultivated annually, and can be harvested in several ways. In the oldest method, still used today, the entire plant is harvested at once by cutting off the stalk at the ground with a tobacco knife; it is then speared onto sticks, four to six plants a stick, and hung in a curing barn. Before harvesting, the crop must be topped when the pink flowers develop. In modern times, large fields are harvested mechanically, although topping the flower and in some cases the plucking of immature leaves is still done by hand.
In the USA, North Carolina and Kentucky are the leaders in tobacco production, followed by Tennessee, Virginia, Georgia, South Carolina and Pennsylvania.
Curing and subsequent aging allow for the slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids in tobacco leaf. This produces certain compounds in the tobacco leaves and gives a sweet hay, tea, rose oil, or fruity aromatic flavor that contributes to the "smoothness" of the smoke.
Tobacco can be cured through several methods, including: air-cured tobacco,
fire-cured tobacco, flue-cured tobacco, sun-cured tobacco.