Introduction a Introduction
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TEXT 1 é[qbadraYai Sa WvMaaXa&iSaTa oÖveNa>aaGavTaMau:YaeNadaXaahRMau:Ya> )
Sa>aaJaYaN>a*TYavcaeMauku-NdSTaMaab>aazeé[v This chapter describes how a dishonest person lost his wealth and then was insulted by miscreants, and how one can remove his distress with the help of his intelligence.
é[q>aGavaNauvac bahRSPaTYaSaNaaSTYa}aSaaDauvŒduJaRNaeirTaE> )
dur˘E-i>aRŕMaaTMaaNa&Ya>SaMaaDaaTauMaqěr> ))2)) The Supreme Lord said: O disciple of Bĺhaspati, my dear Uddhava, your statements are most reasonable. There is a completely spiritual path that is incomprehensible even
to your spiritual master, Bĺhaspati. Now, hear of this from Me. Devotees try to follow in the footsteps of saintly persons, and yet non-devotees often attack them by putting forth unreasonable arguments. Upon seeing the non-devotees’
life of eat, drink, and make merry, the simple-minded and peaceful devotees feel broken- hearted. Although the devotees remain aloof from sinful persons, the non-devotees’
abominable mentality and their harsh words by which they insult others certainly curb the progress of the human society.
NaTaQaaTaPYaTaeivÖ>PauMaaNba YaQaaTaudiNTaMaMaRSQaaůSaTaa&Paĺzezv> ))3))
k-QaYaiNTaMahTPau TaMah&v ke-NaiciŮ+au SMarTaaDa*iTaYau˘e-NaivPaak&-iNaJak-MaR Although it is common to hear harsh words these days, they are nonetheless more painful than sharp arrows. The Lord is herein narrating a story from the Puräëas. The
word vipäka means “fruits.” Those who try to live a renounced and saintly life are generally insulted by uncivilized men. Still, a saintly person knows that he is not simply being offended by coarse fools.
He knows that whatever happiness and distress he experiences in this world are the results of his previous activities. Therefore, it is always advised that those who desire
liberation from material existence, regardless of the path they cultivate, should never become angry and retaliate those who offend or insult them. In this regard, Çré Caitanya
Mahäprabhu has instructed us to be as toleranat as a tree. This instruction is for the benefit of all kinds of people because practically, in any endeavor, it is experienced that only by tolerance is conflict avoided. If one does not respond to those who offend him,
one will find that such ruffians will soon leave him alone. AviNTazuiÜJa>k-iędaSaqda!yTaMa>ié[Yaa ) vaTaaRv*ita>k-dYaRSTauk-aMaqlu/BDaae_iTak-aePaNa> ))6))
The city of Avanté is in the district of Malwa. This brähmaëa was a farmer and businessman by profession, but his character was abominable. One who gives abuses to
his wife and children, disregards all religious principles, disrespects the demigods and guests, and torments servants is certainly an abominable person.
jaTaYaae_iTaQaYaSTaSYavax(Maa}ae XaUNYaavSaQa AaTMaaiPak-ale/k-aMaErNaicRTa> ))7))
The brähmaëa’s householder life was completely devoid of any religious observances.
du>Xaql/SYak-dYaRSYad]uůNTaePau}abaNDava> ) daraduihTarae>a*TYaaivz< Because he was so callous and stingy, his wife, children, and other relatives, and even his servants came to hate him. Being thoroughly disgusted with him, they did not even bother to feign affection. COMMENTARY Neighbors always hate a wicked person. TEXT 9 TaSYaEv&Ya+aivtaSYaCYauTaSYaae>aYal/aek-Ta> ) DaMaRk-aMaivhqNaSYacu§u-Dau>PaÄ>aaiGaNa> ))9))
The Yakńas only business is to accumulate and protect wealth. They do not utilize it, either for themselves of for others. The five types of living entities who deserve a share of sacrificial offerings are the demigods, sages, forefathers, human beings, and lower classes of beings. When they are deprived of their share, they become angry at a householder. PURPORT If the demigods, sages, forefathers, human beings, and other living entities do not receive their respective shares of sacrificial performances, they become angry at a materialistic fruitive worker. The Song of the Avanté Brähmaëa TEXT 10 TadvDYaaNaivóSTaPau AQaaeR_PYaGaC^iNNaDaNa&bűaYaaSaPairé[Ma> ))10))
O magnanimous Uddhava, as a result of disregarding the demigods in this way, the brähmaëa gradually lost his accumulated piety and soon became bereft of his hard-earned wealth. COMMENTARY The brähmaëa lost everything, including his hard-earned wealth, because of neglecting those upon whom he depended. Accumulating wealth by means of farming and trading is certainly very laborious. TEXT 11 HaaTYaaeJaGa*hu>ik-iÄiTk-iÄŐSYav oÖv ) dEvTa>k-al/Ta>ik-iÄŘ]řbNDaaeNa*RPaaiQaRvaTa( ))11))
The brähmaëa lost his wealth as a result of natural calamities, such as fire in his house, as well as due to food grains rotting under the influence of time, theft, government taxes, and pilfering by his friends and relatives. In this way, he became a poor man. PURPORT If a brähmaëa neglects his brahminical duties, he is referred to as brahma-bandhu, or a so-called brähmaëa, and not considered a genuine brähmaëa. One who takes pride in posing as a brähmaëa without making any attempt to elevate himself to the transcendental platform is not a genuine brähmaëa, but is referred to as brahma-bandhu,
548 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ or the friend of a brähmaëa. Devotees of the Lord are not proud, thinking themselves to be the most exalted members of society. Rather, they very humbly think themselves fallen and without any qualifications. However, those who are intelligent know that such humble devotees are actually brähmaëas whose hearts are cleansed by their engagement in the devotional service of the Lord. TEXT 12 Sa Wv&d]iv oPaei+aTaęSvJaNaEięNTaaMaaPadurTYaYaaMa( ))12))
TaSYaEv&DYaaYaTaaedqga|NaíraYaSTaPaiSvNa> ) i%ŰTaaebaZPak-<#=SYaiNaveRd>SauMahaNa>aUTa( ))13))
The miserly brähmaëa had to suffer the consequences of his own faults. Finally, due to his previous training in piety, he experienced a change of heart. When he lost all his wealth, the brähmaëa had no alternative but to live like an ascetic. TEXT 14 SacahedMahaek-í&v*QaaTMaaMae_NauTaaiPaTa> ) NaDaMaaRYaNak-aMaaYaYaSYaaQaaRYaaSa wRd*Xa> ))14))
The Song of the Avanté Brähmaëa sa cähedam aho kańöaŕ vĺthätmä me ‘nutäpitaů na dharmäya na kämäya yasyärthäyäsa édĺçaů 549 The brähmaëa spoke as follows: O what great misfortune! I simply tormented myself uselessly, working so hard to earn money that was not utilized for religiosity or material enjoyment. PURPORT When one suffers a great setback on the path of his material life, one may understand that by failing to utilize everything in the service of the Supreme Lord and instead engaging in activities having no relationship with Kĺńëa consciousness, one gains nothing.
Pa[aYae whcaTMaaePaTaaPaaYaMa*TaSYaNark-aYac ))15))
Being afraid to spend any money, misers avoid performing constitutional and conventional duties.
Conditioned souls who have forgotten their constitutional position accept many things in this world to be their ultimate goal of life. However, these things become the
cause of their degradation, making them suffer in hell in their next life. YaXaaeYaXaiSvNaa&XauÖ&ëagYaaYaeGaui l/ae>a>SvLPaae_iPaTaaNhiNTaiě}aaećPaiMaveiPSaTaMa( ))16))
550 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ yaço yaçasvinäŕ çuddhaŕ çläghyä ye guëinäŕ guëäů lobhaů sv-alpo ‘pi tän hanti çvitro rüpam ivepsitam Just as even a trace of white leprosy spoils one’s physical beauty, even a tinge of greed destroys a person’s good reputation and sullies whatever praiseworthy qualities are found in a virtuous soul. COMMENTARY White leprosy certainly spoils a person’s beauty. TEXT 17 AQaRSYaSaaDaNaeiSaÖe oTk-zeRr+a NaaXaaePa>aaeGa AaYaaSańaSaięNTaa>a]MaaeNa* There are various kinds of distress experienced by one who endeavors to accumulate wealth. Such misery is experienced at all stages—while earning it, while protecting it,
while spending it, and when it is somehow lost. There are fifteen types of anartha born of wealth, such as gambling, drinking wine, and so on.
Because the means for acquiring wealth, as well as its attainment, enhancement, protection,andexpenditureareundertheinfluence of time,thesearealways accompanied
by anxiety, hard labor, and bewilderment. STaeYa&ih&SaaNa*Ta&dM>a>k-aMa>§-aeDa>SMaYaaeMad> ) >aedaevErMaivěaSa>Sa&SPaDaaRVYaSaNaaiNac ))18))
WTaePaÄdXaaNaQaaRůQaRMaUl/aMaTaaNa* TaSMaadNaQaRMaQaaR:Ya&é[eYaae_QasdUrTaSTYaJaeTa( ))19))
The Song of the Avanté Brähmaëa steyaŕ hiŕsänĺtaŕ dambhaů kämaů krodhaů smayo madaů bhedo vairam aviçväsaů saŕspardhä vyasanäni ca ete paďcadaçänarthä hy artha-mülä matä nĺëäm tasmäd anartham arthäkhyaŕ çreyo-’rthé düratas tyajet 551 Fifteen undesirable qualities arise because of wealth—theft, violence, falsehood, duplicity, lust, anger, quarrel, madness, competition, enmity, faithlessness, arrogance, and the dangers arising from attachment to women, gambling, and intoxication. Therefore, those who desire their own benefit should give up attachment to excessive wealth, which is the mother of all anarthas. COMMENTARY It takes great endeavor to accumulate wealth. Then, one is always afraid that his wealth will be stolen or taken away by some other means. To protect his wealth, one must lie, and excessive wealth certainly is the cause of great pride and delusion. In this way, there are fifteen kinds of anartha that surface because of wealth. It can be concluded that artha (wealth) is the cause of all anarthas (unwanted things). PURPORT One who desires his actual benefit should reject as useless that which is ascertained as beneficial according to worldly calculation. In this connection, there are fifteen unwanted things that are created by excessive wealth. The main intention of those who accumulate great wealth is sense gratification. The unwanted things that are born from excessive wealth are theft, violence, lying, pride, lust, anger, false pride, madness, duplicity, enmity, faithlessness, arrogance, and addiction to women, gambling, and intoxication. In general, gold and silver coins that are exchanged for the objects of sense gratification are known as artha, or wealth.
i>aŰNTae>a]aTaraedara>iPaTar>SauôdSTaQaa ) Wk-aiňGDaa>k-aik-i 552 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ COMMENTARY Even though one’s brothers, father, wife, and friends may appear to be on good terms with him, they can quickly turn into enemies for the sake of a single penny. PURPORT The word käkiëi means “twenty barätikä,” which is the coin of the smallest denomination, or value.
AQaeRNaaLPaqYaSaaůeTaeSa&rBDaadqáMaNYav> ) TYaJaNTYaaXauSPa*DaaeganiNTaSahSaaeTSa*JYaSaaEôdMa( ))21))
The word spĺdhaů means “audacity, or arrogance.” TEXT 22 l/BßaJaNMaaMarPa[aQYa|MaaNauZYa&Taid(ÜJaaGa]yTaaMa( ) TadNaad*TYaYaeSvaQa|ganiNTaYaaNTYaXau>aa&GaiTaMa( ))22))
Human life is superior to that of a demigod, ghost, animal, tree, or an inanimate stone because the demigods are absorbed in celestial pleasure while neglecting their real self- interest, and in other forms of life there is predominantly suffering. Human life affords The Song of the Avanté Brähmaëa 553 one the opportunity of attaining the ultimate goal of life. In the human form, one has the opportunity of surpassing the concocted ideas born of a background of anyäbhiläńa,
life of a çudra, which is generally devoid of piety, there is no possibility of contemplating one’s real self-interest because a çudra is very busy serving the other three varëas, as well as his desires for sense enjoyment. Knowledge of Brahman and Paramätmä, and the right for serving the Supreme Personality of Godhead, are the domain of the best of the twice-born. However, such a high birth has no value if one is bereft of Lord Hari’s service. There is no value in simply becoming a so-called brahmana. In this regard one should carefully consider this verse from the Srimad-Bhägavatam (11.5.3): ya eńäŕ puruńaŕ säkńäd ätma-prabhavam éçvaram na bhajanty avajänanti sthänäd bhrańöäů patanty adhaů Anyone who does not render service and neglects his duty unto the primeval Lord, who is the source of all living entities, will certainly fall down from his constitutional position. The desire to become master of all one surveys checks one’s advancement in spiritual life. When a brähmaëa gives up the devotional service of the Lord and works hard like a çüdra, simply for the prestige of his community, then lording it over material nature and the desire to enjoy the fruits of karma become very prominent A brähmaëa, free from false prestige, should feel himself lower than a blade of grass and offer respect to all living entities. All human beings, and especially brähmaëas, should avoid becoming killers of their own self-interest by neglecting Kĺńëa consciousness, the loving service of the Lord. Such neglect paves the way for future suffering. Yüklə 8,84 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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