Introduction section one 6

Situational Analysis

Contents

Acronyms 3

1. Introduction 5

SECTION ONE 6

2Underlying determinants of youth unemployment in the country 6

3Bottle necks with respect to young people accessing the labour market 11

Bottlenecks when seeking employment 11

Bottlenecks related to self employment 19

Bottlenecks related to social factors 20

4Current legal framework regarding employment creation 22

Overarching strategies & plans 22

Strategies & Plans linked to Small Business Support 24

Strategies & Plans linked to Employment Creation 26

Strategies & Plans linked to Training 29

The BBBEE Code and the Charters 35

Other possible sources of funding 37

Other policy options to 38

A summary of the array of policy and programmatic options 38

SECTION TWO 40

5Best practices in youth employment programmes globally 40

6Review of the types of interventions generally used to link young people to employment in South Africa 51

a.Interventions: Programmes to address the transition to the labour market 53

i.Secondary School Interventions 53

ii.Work Readiness and Placement programmes 55

iii.Occupational Programmes 60

iv.Entrepreneurial Development Programmes 62

v.Public Employment 65

b.Learning emerging from the SA experience 68

i.Recruit young people who have the competence to cope with the programme 68

ii.Offer information and guidance to learners on what the programme will provide and what opportunities may exist beyond the programme 68

iii.Recruiting young people who are interested in and motivated to take part in the programme 69

iv.Address the relevance of learning programmes 69

v.Providing support to enable young people to access formal employment 69

vi.Providing support to enable young people to initiate an enterprise 70

vii.Ways to design Public Works programmes that meet the needs of youth 71

7Institutional Landscape 71

8Proposal for a possible project 74

References 76

Annexure A: learning for future design of youth employment programmes 80

Include Annexure A

Acronyms

Acronyms

ABET - Adult Basic Education and Training

ALMP - Active Labour Market Policies/Programmes

CA - Chartered Accountant

CRM - Customer Relationships Management

CV - Curriculum Vitae

CWP - Community Work Programme

DFI’s - Development Finance Institutions

DGMT - The DG Murray Trust

DOE - Department of Education

DoH - Department of Health

DoL - Department of Labour

DPRU - Development Policy Research Unit

DPW - Department of Public Works

DSD - Department of Social Development

EMS - Economic Management Sciences

EPWP - Expanded Public Works Programme

ESSA - Employment Services of South Africa

ETDP - Education, Training and Practices Sector Education and Training Authorities

FET/FETC - Further Education and Training/ Certificate

FIETA - Forest Industries Education and Training Authority

GDP - Growth Domestic Product

GED - General Educational Development

GIZ – German Development Cooperation

HR - Human Resources

HSRC - Human Sciences Research Council

IDC - Industrial Development Corporation

ILO - International Labour Organisation

JASA - Junior Achievement South Africa

JET - Joint Education Trust

JIPSA - Joint Initiative on Priority Skills Acquisition

MATRIC - Matriculation (school completion certificate)

MGNREGA - Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

NARYSEC - The National Rural Youth Service Corps

NEETs - Not employed and not in education and training

NGO - Non Governmental Organisation

NYDA - National Youth Development Agency

NYS - National Youth Service

PES - Public Employment Services

RDP - Reconstruction and Development Programme

SAGDA - South African Graduate Development Association

SAICA - South African Institute of Chartered Accountants

SAIE - South African Institute for Entrepreneurship

SEFA - Small Enterprise Finance Agency

SETAs - Sector Education and Training Authorities

SMME - Small Medium Micro Enterprises

TTO - Triple Trust Organisation

TVET - Technical Vocational Education and Training

UNDP - United Nations Development Programme

UNISA - University of South Africa

UYF - Umsobomvu Youth Fund

YAC - Youth Advisory Centres

YIEPP - Youth Incentive Entitlement Pilot Project

YPED - Youth Professional Entrepreneur Development

1. Introduction

UNDP has undertaken considerable work in the area of youth unemployment in South Africa as well as globally. This learning and research, as well as other relevant research, is analysed and underpins the proposal for a programme to be facilitated by the UNDP to address the issue of youth unemployment.

This paper has the following structure:
Section One

• 
  Identifying underlying determinants of youth unemployment in the country
  
• 
  Identifying bottlenecks impeding youth employment
  
• 
  Assessing the current legal framework regarding employment creation in South Africa
  
• 
  
  

Section Two

• 
  Best practices in youth employment programmes over the world, especially in countries with similar GDP/youth employment ratios to South Africa.
  
• 
  Describes good practice youth employment programmes in South Africa
  
• 
  Considers the array of institutions that are implementing and supporting youth programmes to address youth unemployment
  
• 
  A proposal for a programme that could be supported and indicators potential partners in the implementation of this programme.