Maxsus ta’lim vazirligi nizomiy nomidagi Toshkent davlat pedagogika universiteti qoshidagi akademik litsey Nurmatov J. N, Kudratov K. X

UNIT 47

WHEN ...? AND HOW LONG ...? FOR AND SINCE

Compare When ...? (+past simple) and How long ...? (+present perfect)

A: When did it start raining? B: It started raining an hour ago/at 1 o’clock.
A: How long has it been raining? B: It’s been raining for an hour/since 1 o’clock.
A: When did Joe and Carol first meet? B: They first met a long time ago/when they were at school.
A: How long have Joe and Carol known each other?
B: They have known each other	for a long time. since they were at school.

We use both for and since to say how long something has been happening:

We use for when we say a period of time (two hours, six weeks etc.):		We use since when we say the start of a period (8 o’clock, Monday,1985 etc.):
I’ve been waiting for two hours.		I’ve been waiting since 8 o’clock.
for		since
two hours	a week	8 o’clock	1977
20 minutes	50 years	Monday	Christmas
five days	a long time	12 May	lunchtime
six months	ages	April	they were at school
Sally’s been working here for six months. (not ‘since six months’)		Sally’s been working here since April. (=from April until now)
I haven’t seen Tom for three days. (not ‘since three days’)		I haven’t seen Tom since Monday. (=from Monday until now)

It is possible to leave out for (but not usually in negative sentences):

• 
  They’ve been married (for) ten years. (with or without for)
  
• 
  They haven’t had a holiday for ten years. (you must use for)
  

We do not use for + all ... (all day/all my life etc.):

• 
  I’ve lived her all my life. (not ‘for all my life’)
  

We say ‘It’s (a long time/two years etc.) since something happened’:

• 
  It’s two years since I last saw Joe. (=I haven’t seen Joe for two years/the last time I saw Joe was two years ago)
  
• 
  It’s ages since we went to the cinema. (=We haven’t been to the cinema for ages)
  

The question is How long is it since ...?

• 
  How long is it since you last saw Joe? (=When did you last see Joe?)
  
• 
  How long is it since Mrs Hill died? (=When did Mrs Hill die?)
  

Some more examples

I haven’t heard from him since June.

He has been working at the firm since 1999.

I haven’t seen him since he finished school.

He left Tashkent in 1996 and I haven’t seen him since.

I shall stay here for two hours.

He has been living in Tashkent since last year.

I haven’t seen him since Monday.

EX 299 Write questions with how long and when.

1. 
   It’s raining.
   

(how / long?) How long has it been raining

(when?) When did it start raining

2. 
   Kate is learning Italian.
   

(how long / learn?) … … … .

(when / start / learn) … … … .

3. 
   I know Martin.
   

(how long / know?) … … … .

(when / first / meet?) … … … .

4. 
   Bob and Alice are married.
   

(how long?) … … … .

(when?) … … … .

EX 300 Read the situations and complete the sentences beginning in the way shown.

1. 
   (It’s raining now. it’s been raining since lunchtime.) it started raining at lunchtime
   
2. 
   (Ann and I are friends. we first met years ago.) we’ve known each other for years
   
3. 
   (Mark is ill. He became ill on Sunday.) He has  .
   
4. 
   (Mark is ill. He became ill a few day ago.) He has  .
   
5. 
   (Sarah is married. She’s been married for two years.) She got  .
   
6. 
   (You’ve got a camera. You bought it ten years ago.) I’ve  .
   
7. 
   (Sue has been in France for the last three weeks.) She went  .
   

EX 301 Put in for or since.

1. 
   It’s been raining since lunchtime.
   
2. 
   Tom’s father has been doing the same job … 20 years.
   
3. 
   Have you been learning English … a long time?
   
4. 
   Sarah has lived in London … 1985.
   
5. 
   … Christmas, the weather has been quite good.
   
6. 
   Please hurry up! We’ve been waiting … an hour.
   
7. 
   Kevin has been looking for a job … he left school.
   
8. 
   The house is very dirty. We haven’t cleaned it … ages.
   
9. 
   I haven’t had a good meal … last Tuesday.
   

EX 303 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

He went to the USA last year and I … him since.

A) has not seen		C) had not seen
B) have not seen		D) did not see
	E) do not see

Choose the appropriate answer.

Bob … since 12 o’clock.

A) had been working		C) has being working
B) have been working		D) has been worked
	E) has been working

2. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

My uncle worked at the plant … twenty years.

A) for		C) from
B) since		D) of
	E) at

3. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

• 
  When did it start snowing
  
• 
  It started snowing … .
  

A) since two hours		C) two hours ago
B) for two hours		D) from five o’clock
	E) during the morning

4. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

• 
  How long has it been snowing?
  
• 
  It has been snowing … morning.
  

A) from		C) for
B) since		D) during
	E) ago

5. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

Kate has been living here … .

A) since six months		C) for six months
B) from six months		D) six months ago
	E) during six months

6. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

Ted has been working here … October.

A) since		C) for
B) from		D) during
	E) ago

7. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

I shall work … 10 o’clock tomorrow.

A) since		C) ago
B) for		D) from
	E) during

8. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

You … three ice-creams since I was here.

A) has had		C) have had
B) had had		D) had
	E) have has

9. 
   Choose the appropriate answer.
   

How long have Jack and Barbara known each other? They have known each other … .

A) for a long time		C) from a long time
B) a long time ago		D) a long time before
	during long time

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

Where have you been? I have been waiting for you … 5.30.

A) ago		C) since
B) for		D) before
	E) of

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

She has had a number of jobs … .

A) from leaving Institute		C) leaving Institute since
B) for leaving Institute		D) leaving Institute ago
	E) since leaving Institute

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I have known her … 1998.

A) of		C) for
B) since		D) from
	E) ago

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I have known her … ten years.

A) for		C) ago
B) since		D) before
	E) between

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

It … strange to see my old house again because I … been there … I … a child.

A) was / hadn’t / for / was		C) was / haven’t / since / was
B) was / hadn’t / since / were		D) was / hadn’t / since / was
	E) were / hadn’t / for / was

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

They have left the town … .

A) for since		C) for good
B) for ago		D) for bad
	E) for well

11. 
    Find the right English translation.
    

У бизга, Англияга етиб келганидан бери ҳали ҳам ёзгани йўқ.

1. 
   He haven’t written to us yet since he arrived in England
   
2. 
   He hasn’t written to us yet since he had arrived in England
   
3. 
   He didn’t write to us yet since he arrived in England
   
4. 
   He hasn’t written to us yet since he arrives in England
   
5. 
   He hasn’t written to us yet since he arrived in England
   

11. 
    Find the right English translation.
    

Мен мактабни битирганимдан бери банкда ишлайман.

1. 
   I have been working in a bank since I left school.
   
2. 
   I have been working in a bank since I have left school.
   
3. 
   I have been working in a bank for I left school.
   
4. 
   I have been worked in a bank since I left school.
   
5. 
   I worked in a bank since I have left school.
   

11. 
    Find the right English translation.
    

Менинг ота-онам бу уйни 1977 йилда сотиб олишган ва биз бу ерда ўшандан бери яшаймиз.

1. 
   My parents brought this house in 1977 and we’ve been living here ever since.
   
2. 
   My parents bought this house in 1977 and we had been living here ever since.
   
3. 
   My parents has bought this house in 1977 and we’ve been living here ever since.
   
4. 
   My parents bought this house in 1977 and we’ve been living here ever since.
   
5. 
   My parents have bought this house in 1977 and we have been living here ever since.
   

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

How long … did this happen?

A) from		C) since
B) ago		D) during
	E) between

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I have been studying law  2002.

A) for		C) during
B) ago		D) since
	E) while

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

 that journey, I have never sailed again.

A) During		C) For
B) Since		D) Ago
	E) When

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I have been living in London  four weeks now.

A) ago		C) for
B) since		D) while
	E) when

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I have been living in London  almost two years,  October 2001.

A) for / since		C) for / for
B) since / since		D) since / for
	E) during / for

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I stayed in your hotel  three nights,  23^rd November  26^th November.

A) for / since / to		C) since / from / till
B) during / since / to		D) since / since / to
	E) for / from / to

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I  him  he  to hospital.

1. 
   haven’t seen / since / has gone
   
2. 
   haven’t seen / since / went
   
3. 
   haven’t seen / for / went
   
4. 
   didn’t see / since / has gone
   
5. 
   didn’t see / since / went
   

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

You will be for it if father finds out you have not been to school  three days.

A) since		C) when
B) ago		D) while
	E) for

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

Her husband died ten years  but she has  remarried.

A) since / ago		C) ago / since
B) since / since		D) ago / ago
	E) for / since

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I saw him on Wednesday, but I haven’t spoken to him  .

A) since		C) for
B) ago		D) when
	E) while

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

• 
  I came here a year  .
  
• 
  But I have been here  a year (or  1998).
  

A) ago / since / for		C) since / for / ago
B) for / ago / since		D) ago / for / since
	E) for / since / ago

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

The competition has been running every year  1990.

A) ago		C) before
B) since		D) for
	E) while

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

She has been living in New Zealand  over a year now.

A) since		C) for
B) ago		D) before
	E) when

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

People have been saying  that building should be pulled down.

A) for since		C) for while
B) for ago		D) since for
	E) for ages

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

 have they been living next door to you?

A) How ago		C) How much
B) How since		D) How long
	E) How often

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

 more than two years I’ve been trying to get permission to extend my house.

A) For		C) Ago
B) Since		D) Before
	E) After

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

 the moment he saw her, he loved her.

A) For		C) From
B) While		D) When
	E) Ago

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

We hope to go on holiday a month  (=after) today.

A) before		C) since
B) from		D) ago
	E) while

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

The shop will be open  about half past eight  six o’clock.

A) until / from		C) until / until
B) since / until		D) from / from
	E) from / until

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

I’m just going to sleep  half an hour.

A) before		C) ago
B) since		D) for
	E) after

11. 
    Choose the appropriate answer.
    

England have not won the World Cup in football  1966

A) for		C) since
B) ago		D) before
	E) after