204
B. K¨ohnlein
be analyzed with the available tools as having separate classifier morphemes, either
marked or not marked for stress.
3.3.4 The classifier -hem
As a last issue, I would like to briefly address the status of the classifier
-hem, which
we find in place names such as
Arnhem,
Honthem,
Nunhem,
Oosthem, etc. The mor-
pheme can be pronounced in two ways, in a non-reduced version [h
εm] as well as in
the reduced form [
m]. The former is comparable to other classifiers that constitute
independent prosodic words while the reduced form has a more monomorphemic
character: the full vowel reduces to schwa, and /h/ deletes accordingly; in Dutch,
/h/ is prohibited before schwa ([*h
]; see Booij
1995
). It thus seems to be the case
that place names ending in
-hem have two alternative realizations, one as a com-
pound with a classifier versus one in which the names are realized as one prosodic
word.
3.3.5 Names with final stress as synchronic phrases
A reviewer points out that place names ending in
-dam might alternatively be ana-
lyzed as syntactically complex. This is in line with the etymology of the place name
Amsterdam, which arguably derives from a possessive phrase, analogous to the place
names in (26a, b). This is a viable option, particularly for the name
Amsterdam
(and
Rotterdam as well), where the
-er ending of the first constituent could indeed
be interpreted as a (possessive) suffix. Yet the analysis is less straightforward for
related place names such as
Schied´am or
Veend´am. In these names, the first con-
stituent does not have a suffix (*
Schieerd´am, *
Veenerd´am), but the stress pattern is
the same as in
Amsterd´am. To include names like
Schiedam and
Veendam in the anal-
ysis, one would arguably have to stipulate that in phrasal names, the first, referential
constituent may or may not show overt suffixation. One might add that, following
van Berkel and Samplonius (
2006
), neither of the names has a phrasal origin – thus,
the stress patterns cannot be derived from the etymological structure of these place
names.
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