DAY-34
MEMORY TECHNIQUES
NAME CARDS
Unless you are in a formal school setting, make sure that each participant is provided
with a ready-made or do-it-yourself ‘tent card’ for his/her name. Ask for big bold letters
so you can read the name from any part of the teaching area.
Tip: with cardboard tent cards, bend over a corner to keep the card from collapsing.
BALL GAME
Ask participants (Ps) to stand in a circle and throw the ball to each other. Ps say their
name when they have the ball. After some time, change the rules, so that Ps have to say
the name of the person to whom they are throwing the ball to.
COURSE TIMING
DOWN TIME
In a training day of 9 hours (08.30 - 17.00), how much down time would you plan for?
Always plan for down time as follows:
-
Latecomers, settling, housekeeping = 10 mins
-
Coffee/Tea breaks = 20 + 20 = 40 mins (even if you have planned 15 minute
breaks!)
-
Lunch and ‘re-settling’ after lunch = 75 mins (even if you have planned 1 hour!)
-
Stretch breaks, breaking into syndicates and other miscellaneous down time = 25
Mins
Total = 2 hrs 30 mins
DAY-35
BRAINS
MNEMONICS
Many devices exist to help people recall multi-channel messages. The Germans call them
‘donkey bridges’ (Eselsbrücke) because they help the donkey of ignorance across the bridge to knowledge! They are mnemonics (memory devices), which link together two or more pieces of information. By linking together visual, hearing and/or feeling data, the donkey bridge creates a distinct and more memorable whole.
Example: the FROLL (First Reviewed Outstanding Linked Last)
Note: A mnemonic (not newmonic!) is from a Greek word and means any kind of memory device, not just first letter acronyms. We will be looking at other mnemonic tools later in the course. Interestingly, neurologists report that donkey bridges actually do provide a link across the brain’s real bridge between the right and left brain (the corpus collosum)!
BRAINS
DONKEY BRIDGES
We will look at 5 kinds of donkey bridges that trainers can use to revolutionise
trainee recall, can you guess what any of them are?
BRAINS
DONKEY BRIDGES
Take the first letter of every word or phrase to be remembered and create a new word
and (if possible) image.
Example: As a trainer you should pamper the audience with your voice by using pampers: Projection Articulation Modulation Pronunciation Enunciation Repetition
-
First Letter Phrase (FLeP!)
Create a phrase where each word begins with the letter of each thing to be remembered in a list.
Example: to remember the colour sequence of Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo and Violet in a rainbow - Richard Of York Gave Battle In Vain
Select music, songs or sound effects which will remind trainees of your messages
when they hear them in the future.
Examples: Use a ‘polka’ (POLCA) as the theme tune for a management course on
Planning Organising Leading Controlling Achieving;
Tina Turner’s ‘You’re The Best’ for a sales team course
Create a memorable rhyme or slogan to ‘anchor’ your training message.
Examples: Peace Corps water-saving slogan for the Caribbean: ‘When it’s yellow let
it mellow, when it’s brown, flush it down!’
-
Logos and Image Association (LImA!)
Design a logo for your course; create visual aids which help trainees remember key
messages by associating them with a powerful picture - logos last longer!
Example: Think of any flag or any company logo and reflect on all the messages this
simple shape brings to your mind
DAY-36
MIND SET
Your trainer will stick famous quotes and names of famous people and dates around the room (or outside). Work in groups and match a quote to who said it and when.
-
Who the hell wants to hear actors talk?’ Harry Warner, Warner Brothers studio co-founder, 1927
-
There is no likelihood that man can ever tap the power of the atom’ Robert Millikan, Nobel Prize, 1923
-
Sensible and responsible women do not want to vote’ Grover Cleveland, President USA, 1905
-
‘Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible’ Lord Kelvin, mathematical physicist, 1895
-
‘The telephone has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication’ Western Union internal memo, 1876
-
‘Everything that can be invented has been invented’ Charles H Duell, US office of patents, 1899
However hard we try to keep trainee recall high, the enemy is Mind Set. When people hear or see something that clashes with their beliefs or values, they experience Cognitive Dissonance. Because of the discomfort caused by this dissonance, they will either justify their present beliefs/behaviour or distort the new information so that it no longer challenges their ‘world view’. As we have seen, some famous people have been victims of their mind set!
MIND SET
Faced with inevitable and totally natural problems of mind set, we trainers must help our trainees to overcome the discomfort caused by cognitive dissonance.
-
Like Shakespeare’s Mark Antony, we must start from their point of view (‘Brutus was an honourable man’) and find a WIFT (What’s In it For Them?) to help them change their minds.
-
By concentrating on WIFTs we help them to justify changing their skills, knowledge or attitudes by providing a real need to do so.
-
Example: Faced with a salesperson whose mind set is ‘I should be out selling, not listening to this nonsense’, you should concentrate on how your course can help her sell more.
Exercises:
-
Think of one of your own courses. What WIFTs can you think of for a ‘dinosaur’ trainee whose mind set is ‘our present system has worked very well up to now’?
-
How could you find WIFTs to overcome the following mind set:
‘What can this upstart teach me; s/he’s half my age!’?
DAY-37
THE 5 W’S
QUESTIONS TO ASK
The success of a seminar, course or instructional module depends on a great number of
variables. Before preparing yourself to train, you must answer 5 questions specifically -
the 5 W’s!
In groups, brainstorm the 5 questions you would ask and answer before conducting
any training.
W
W
W
W
W
THE 5 W’S
-
Ask WHY you are training at all. What are the trainees’ objectives? What should trainees think or do at the end of the course?
-
Ask WHAT you can put over in the available time. At what intellectual level will you pitch your teaching? What audio visual aids will you need?
-
Analyse the trainee group: Age? Nationality? Level? Language abilities? Prior experience? Expectations? Mind set? (WHO)
-
Ask whether the timing of the course is good for you and for them. Period of year? Weekdays/weekends? Morning? Afternoon? Evening? (WHEN)
-
Ask about and prepare for environment. Building? Room? Layout? Seating patterns? Interruptions? Temperature? Noise? (WHERE)
DAY-38
‘B’ ING
Here are 4 ways to keep a group discussion going:
-
BUILDING Build on incomplete answers by adding own comments and asking for agreement or disagreement
-
BOOSTING Support timid participants’ contributions, boost their confidence and ask for extra comment
-
BLOCKING Interrupt dominant/talkative/aggressive participants by asking what others think
-
BANTERING Establish non-threatening atmosphere by engaging in friendly repartee with outgoing participants
BRAINSTORMING
A technique for obtaining ideas from a group. Here’s how:
-
Ask for/provoke ideas; if necessary wait 45 seconds before giving own
-
Write all ideas on a flip chart or whiteboard (number them for future reference)
-
Don’t evaluate ‘til end
-
Use ‘B’ing discussion techniques to encourage participants to trigger ideas
-
Summarise and/or regroup ideas; help group to choose best
ASK
RECORD
TRIGGER
SUMMARISE
DAY-39
CLASSROOM INTERACTION
Activity
|
Interaction pattern
|
1. Interview
Get pairs to ask and answer simple personal questions.
E.g. Find out two interests you share and two you
don't
|
Pairs: labelled AB, AB, AB…
|
2. Survey
Get groups to fill in a simple food preferences survey
using: Do you like?
Ask participants to copy a simple table like this from
the board:
Name
|
cake
|
rice
|
chicken
|
Mary
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two at a front desk turn round to join two at desk behind (participants may have to pretend to be in a traditional classroom seating).
|
3. Role play
One student can be a head teacher and the other can be a naughty student making excuses about why he/she hasn't done his/her homework. How does the head teacher deal with it? Give them time to think about what they are going to say before they begin the role playing.
|
Half the class are numbered e.g. 1-15 and then the other half is numbered e.g. 1-15.Number 1s put their hands up (They will be partners.) Number 2s put their hands up - they will be partners and so on until everyone in the class has a partner. After everyone has put their hand up and seen who their partner is, students stand up and go and sit next to their new partner.
|
4. Discussion - Regroup
Ask students to look at the jobs below and to decide which one should earn the most, who should earn more and who should earn the least and why!
Nurse
Doctor
Teacher
Farm worker
Taxi driver
Engineer
|
Participants start in groups of six (Three at front, plus three behind or three rows of two). Once the group have had their discussion, each group member is given a name: e.g. apple, banana, pear, and so on. The same names - apple banana, pear and so on - are given to members of the next groups. Once everyone in the class has a fruit name, all the apples get together, all the pears and so on (The students can then share all of the ideas discussed
in the initial groups.)
|
5. Question Mingle
Get participants to write down a question they would like to ask everyone in the group and then to go around and ask and answer them.
|
Each student speaks to every other student in the group. This is good for getting the students to move around and
stretch their legs - could even be done outside.
|
6. Social English Quiz
Read out an expression and get teams to elicit an Teacher divides the class in half and names each team: e.g. the blues and the reds. appropriate response. Possible expressions and responses could be:
Thank you
You're welcome
Aaaachhoo!
Bless You
Sorry
Never Mind
|
If the blues know the answer the team captain holds up their sign Good for the competitive spirit - students must cooperate with the team captain and give their ideas to him or her in English, as only they can give the actual answer! If your class is very big, you can have four teams and four captains
|
DAY-40
BRAINS
BRAINS - LEFT AND RIGHT
In groups, brainstorm as many skills and functions as you can for each side of the
brain:
Left Right
Logical Creative
BRAINS
STIMULATING THE LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN
Professional trainers encourage learners to use both sides of the brain.
STIMULATING THE LEFT AND RIGHT BRAIN
-
People who have been trained to use one side of the brain more than the other
(accountants, engineers, versus artists, musicians) find it difficult to ‘switch’
when necessary.
-
When the weaker side is stimulated and encouraged to co-operate with the stronger side there is a greater synergy (1 + 1 = 5!)
Example: Newton understood the theory of gravity while day-dreaming
Applications: Trainers should combine analytical exercises with creative, expressive activities
VHF
To help trainees use both sides of the brain we must remember that information is stored with Very High Frequency - in VHF!
VISUAL
• Pictures • Scenes • Images • Logos • Charts • Photos • Drawings • Diagrams • Graphs
HEARING
• Words • Music • Conversations • Sounds • Accents
FEELING
• Emotions • smells • tastes • tactile experiments • pain/comfort
In groups, discuss what you think a participant’s recall of V, H and F messages is after 24 hours (% correct answers).
VHF
An ongoing classroom experiment that John Townsend (Director, Master Training Institute, Paris) has been conducting over the last few years shows that, when tested after 24 hours,
-
participants’ recall of a V message (80% correct answers) and an F message (79% correct answers)
-
is almost twice as good as their recall of an H message (45% correct answers).
DAY-40
Left and right brain activity
Speech
|
Creativity (new combinations)
|
Calculations
|
Artistic activity
|
Intellectual Analysis
|
Musical ability/Rhythm
|
Reading
|
Emotions
|
Writing
|
Recognition
|
Naming
|
Comprehension
|
Ordering
|
Perception of abstract patterns
|
Sequencing
|
Spatial abilities
|
Complex motor sequences
|
Facial expressions
|
Critique
|
Holistic ability
|
Evaluation
|
Intuition
|
Logic
|
Images
|
|
Colour
|
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
BRAIN TEASERS
BRAIN TEASERS
ANSWERS
BRAIN TEASERS
Match-Stick Problem
Move two and only two matches to reduce the number of unit squares from five to four.
Matches may not be crossed.
They may only be moved to new positions, not Taken away.
Every match must be part of at least one unit Square
BRAIN TEASERS
Solution
Wine Glass to House
The object is to move six of them in such a way that to get a house instead of these wine glasses. Movement only clockwise& Anti clock wise
Wine Glass to House
Solution
The Portrait
A man is looking at a portrait.
He is asked, “Whose picture are you looking at?”
He replies, “Brothers and sisters have I none, but
this man's father is my father's son.”
Whose picture is he looking at?
Magic Water-lily
In the middle of a round pool lies a beautiful water-lily. The water-lily doubles in number every day. After exactly 20 days the complete pool will be covered by the lily.
The Question: After how many days will half of the pool be covered by the water-lily?
Demonstration Problem
Link up these 9 dots with four straight lines without raising the pencil from the paper and without retracing the line.
Demonstration Problem 2
A man gets off on the 10th floor and walks up to the 15th floor in the morning.
At night, he gets into the lift on the 15th floor and gets out on the ground floor.
What is he up to?
Lateral Thinking
Practice Problem
Divide this shape into four pieces which are exactly similar in size, shape and area.
Lateral Thinking
Practice Problem - Solution
The Story of Thomas Edison
Spent only 3 months in school
Was pulled out of school in the first grade, when his teacher called him “addled” (or confused)
Sold fruit, candy, and papers on the Grand Trunk Railroad at the age of 12
Eventually became one of the greatest Scientists and Inventors in the world.
Had 1093 inventions to his name that gave him the nickname of “The Wizard of Menlo Park”
William Wordsworth was England's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.
William Wordsworth was once upon termed “a stubborn, wayward, and intractable boy”
Winston Churchill was called hyperactive with poor peer relationships and the naughtiest small boy in England
He went on to win a Nobel Prize
for Literature and is counted among the most important leaders in the World
Sarah Bernhardt was expelled from school 3 times
She turned out to be one of the finest silent actresses and has a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Psychology’s Rules of Learning
-
Understanding and Repetition Aid Retention
-
Show It Like It Is
-
First and Last Impressions Are Retained
-
Showing Errors Can Aid Learning
-
Rewards Aid Learning
-
Recognition is Easier Than Recall
-
Much Is Forgotten Rapidly
-
Known Authorities Are Believed
-
Exact Repetition Effective
-
Fear Is Effective In Small Doses
-
Success Begets Further Success
-
Tie-In Is Essential To Learning
-
“Belongingness” and “Satisfiers” Aid Learning
-
Old and Strong Ideas Are Best Retained
-
Active Practice is Best
-
New Learning May Detract From Previous Learning.
People Technique - Body Language
Postures & Gestures-How do you use hand gestures? Sitting position?
Eye Contact-How’s your “Lighthouse”?!
Orientation-How do you position yourself in class?
Proximity-How close do you sit/stand to participants?
Looks / Appearance-Are looks/appearance/dress important?
Expressions of Emotion-Are you using facial expressions to express emotion?
Bomber B Technique – Session Flow
Bang ! Always start with an attention-getting “hook”
Opening Outline main messages (Road Map)
Message Give only 4-5 key messages
Bridge Make a bridge between each key message and the participant’s experience and needs (WIFM’s)
Examples Give frequent examples to help the audience visualize what you mean
Recap Be sure to summarize and conclude
Bang ! Always finish with a closing “hook”
Building rapport
Really
All
People
Prefer
Others
Resembling
Themselves
Identify the words from pictures
Identify the animal in the picture
Dostları ilə paylaş: |