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Class X. Box A. No. 124, being Henry Duke of Lancaster's foundation of the Hermitage of Whalley (see pp. 96, 97,) dated (at the beginning) Whalley, 10 Dec. 34 Edw. III. and at the end, 2 Jan. 10th year of the duchy of the said Duke. The shields on this seal are those of the founder or patron, as Constable of Chester and Earl of Lincoln. The legend, s' COMVNE ABB'IS ET CONVENTUS LOCI B'N'DICTI DE WHALLEY. From the Visitation of the North, by Thomas Tonge, Norroy, in 1530. (Harl. MS. 1499, f. 45, fol. Ixviii.) These be the arrays of the monastery of Whalley of White Monkes, which armes belongeth to the said monastery.
Lincoln, founded the monastery of Whalley of White Monkes, in the Countye of Lancaster, of whom descended Alice, wife to Thomas Erie of Lancastre, whiche Alice, daughter and hoyre to Henry Lacy, Erie of Lyncoln, by whom our souverayne lord the Kyng restyth Founder of the said Monastery.
edition of this work : " Mr. Johnson, Vicar of Whalley, has recorded in his papers that he had seen a charter of Henry de Lacy granting a right of fishery in Kibble and Hodder on all days excepting Sundays, ' ministris et fratribus domus de Whalley.' The fishery of Calder they must have had already, and I consider their armorial bearings, viz., three salmons in pale, pierced by as many croziers or, as an allusion to the right so conferred or before enjoyed in these three rivers and to the noble fish with which they then abounded."
adhere to the earlier description which I find of them, as being more consistent with the ordinary significance of ancient armory. They are termed whales in Edmondson's " Complete Body of Heraldry," I have no doubt upon competent official authority : and so again by Moule in his " Heraldry of Fish," and by Mr- Dyer Longstaffe, the Editor of Tonge's Visitation for the Surtees Society : and this customary echo to the sound of the name receives confirmation from several families of Whalley bearing whale's heads. J. G. N. VOL. I.
2 D
202
CHAPTER THE THIRD.
PARISH CHURCH AND VICARAGE OF WHALLEY. X1AVIXG now traced, to the several periods of their duration, the ancient Deanery, the short-lived Rectory which followed, and the magnificent Ahbey which rose upon the ruins of both, we arc next to consider the Vicarage, which has survived them all, and will probably continue as long as an ecclesiastical establishment remains in England.
upon the appropriation, nor even till five years after the death of Peter de Cestria, the last incumbent. In the mean time, it may be presumed that the monks of Stanlaw, while they were preparing for their own translation, were careful to have the cure supplied by chaplains ; and, for two years afterwards, by some of their own body. But, in the year 1298, Walter Langton, Bishop of Lichficld, endowed 1 the second Vicarage of Whalley in a spirit more favourable to the wants and merits of a respectable incumbent than to the rapacity of craving monks. For he ordained the vicar's portion to consist in a manse and thirty acres of meadow and (terra) corn land adjoining, with housebote and haybote in
have been already given from an authentic and original source, the Liber Loci Benedicti (see pp. 160 et seq.) The ancient glebe of the Rectory or Deanery, as we have already seen, was the entire demesne of the manor of Whalley ; but it is remarkable that all vestiges of the glebe, granted to the vicar under the first endowment, have not yet disappeared, though it was so quickly merged in the Abbey demesne again. In the Inquisition of Survey, taken before Roger Newell, Esq. &c. A.D. 1616, the glebe was described as lying in divers parcels about, the Nether Town, together with two tenements near Clerk Hill, one occupied by Mr. Crombock, and the other by Henry Hammond, gent, (a near relative of the famous Dr. Henry Hammond). The cottages to the east, with their gardens (though the site of the ancient hermitage) are described as parcel of this glebe, and those on the north, but without any gardens.^ The lands near Clerk Hill are still distinguished by the name of Glebe [and some near Nethertown also. R. N. W.] But saith this survey, " By the terrier there should be 41a. 2r. 20 falls of glebe, yet it appears that by two recoveries, one bearing date 26 Edw. I. of 15 acres, and the other 12th Edw. III. of 60 acres, that in Whalley were 75 acres of glebe. ( I am unable to account for this last fact, as the second endowment, which stripped the vicarage of the best part of the glebe, had taken place long before the 12th of Edw. III.) Moreover, to this glebe belonged common on Whalley Moor, and also common of pasture in the moors of Billington, and the vill of Harwood, between Rotilegh Clough and the Divises of Billington, excepting 60 a. of moor and pasture within the same Divises, reserved when this common was granted, viz. A.D. 1314." So far the Inquisition, which records a very singular fact, namely, that right of common appertained to the glebe of Whalley in another parish. BOOK II. CHAP. III.] PAEISH CHURCH AND VICARAGE. 203 the abbey woods, and common of pasture for his cattle in the park, 1 along with those of the convent, in the altarage of the mother church and chapels, that of Alvetham excepted, which was then litigious. Likewise in the glebe lands of Brunley and the other chapels,
dam habuit, et aliam medietatem ejusdem ville quam nobilis vir d'us Henricus de Lascy comes Lincoln' habuit. Die veneris proximo ante festum Sancti .Johannis Baptiste Anno regni Regis Edwardi xxxini. (17 June 130G), de assensu et voluntate nobilis viri domini Henrici de Lascy, comitis Lincoln, facta fuit hec concordia apud Altosfes inter Willielmum, de Heskayth, Joh'em filium ejusdem Will'i, Rogerum Noel, Adam filium ejusdem Rogeri, Alexandrum Hurel et Margaretam uxoreni ejus, querentes, ipsos Will'm, Rogerum, et Alexandrum et Margaretam uxorem ijus esse disseysitos de libero tenemento ipsorum Will'mi, Rogeri, Alexandri, et Margarete usoris sue in Magna Harrewod in Com. Lane, ex una parte, et dominum Ad. de Hudleston militem, tenentem predictum liberum tenementum asserentem idem tenementum esse in Bilyngton, de quo libero tenemento predicti Willielmus, Rogerus, Alexander ut Margareta uxor sua quesiti fuerunt ipsos esse disseysitos ex altera. Que quidem concordia talis est : scilicet incipiendo ad quandam sepem antiquam super ripam aque de Kaldir subtus le Fallyngtreker, desceudendo per illam sepem usque ad quendam rivulum propinquiorem terre, quam terrain Robertus Spekes tenuit die confectionis pre- sentis scripti in Bilyngton, et sic ascendendo per dictum rivulum versus summitatem cujusdam mentis qui dicitur Bellesetenabbe linealiter usque ad quoddam fossatum ibi de novo constructum. Et sic dc illo fossato per foveas ibidem factas et lapides ibi per loca positos directe usque ad le Horelowe, et del Ilorelowe per foveas ibi de novo factas <-t lapides ibidem positos usque Snoddeworth qui locus de Snoddeworth est in occidentem. Et sic erunt de cetero divise inter Magnam Harrewod et Bilyngton predictas imperpetuum. Ita scilicet, quod terre, bosci, vasta et tenementa omnia de quibus contencio inter eos fuerat, et que sunt ex parte dictarum divisarum, ubiquc versus Masrnam Harrewod. remanebunt in separali predictis Willielmo, Johanni filio ijusdem Willielmi, Ade filio Rogeri Noel, Alexandro Hurel et Margarete uxori ejus ut liberum tenementum suum in Harwod. Et post decessum ipsorum Alexandri et Margarete uxoris sue qui tenent dicla tenementa versus Harrewod nomine dotis dicte Margarete, simul cum dictis Willielmo, et Ad. pro indiviso tenementa ilia in Harrewod remanebunt predictis Willielmo, Johanni filio suo et Ad. fil. Rogeri et heredibus ipsius Johannis et ipsius Ade quieta de predicto domino Ad. de Hudleston et heredibus suis imperpetuum, tenendum de capitalibus dominis feodi per servicia inde debita et consueta. Et terre, bosci, vasta et tenementa omnia unde contentio fuit inter eos que sunt ex altera parte dictarum divisarum versus Bilyngton remanebunt in separali dicto domino Ade in forma subscripta videlicet quod tola medietas terre, bosci, vasti et tenement, omnium remanebit dicto domino Ade et heredibus suis imperpetuum. Ettota altera medietas terre, bosci, vasti et tenementorum omnium ultra divisas pre- dictas versus Bilyngton remanebit dicto domino Comiti et heredibus suis post decessum dicti domini Ade imperpetuum quieta de heredibus dicti Ade. Et hec concordia facta fuit in presentia dicti domini Henrici de Lascy Comitis Lincoln, ad predictam concordiam pro se et heredibus suis imperpetuum tenendum consentientis et illam ratih'cantis. Et in omnium suprascriptorum testimonium parti istorum scriptorum cyrographatorum tripartitorum penes dictum dominum Comitem remanenti : predicti Will'm's, Joh., Ad. de Hudleston, Rogerus et Adam fil. dicti Rogeri, Alex, et Margareta uxor ejus sigilla sua apposuerunt. Et alter! parti penes dictum dominum Ad. de Hudleston remanenti sigilla dictorum domini Comitis, Will'i de Heskayth, Joh. fil. ejus, Rogeri, Ad. filii sui, Alex, et Margarete uxoris sue sunt apposita. Et tertie parti penes dictos Will'm, Joh'em fil. ejusdem Will'i, Rogeri, Ad. filium ejus, Alex, et Margaretam uxoretn suarn remanenti sigilla dictorum domini Comitis et domini Ade sunt apposita. Hiis testibus, dominis Will'o le Vava'sour, Will'o de Stopham, Ad. de Waleton, Will'o Banastre, militibus, Thorn' de Fisheburn, Henr' Lescrop, Edmundo Talbot, Thorn' le Sureys, Sirnone de Alvetham, Ric'o de Ruyshton, Rob'to de eadem, Ad. del Clogh, et aliis. Dat' apud Altoftes die et anno supradictis. (Add. MSS. 10,374, fol. 77b-78.)
probably under the deans. It was afterwards called the Lord's Park, and extended from near the town to Parkhead in length, and from Calder to the turnpike-road in breadth, a fertile and beautiful piece of ground. [See before, p. 183].
204 HISTORY OF WHALLEY. [BOOK II. CHAP. III. &c. This was a fair and liberal distribution of the benefice, which, though it allowed to the monks the rich and spacious glebe, excepting thirty acres, and all the tithes of the parish, great and small, still left the incumbent in a respectable and independent situation. These conditions were endured for a season, because they were the best that could be obtained from a prelate of good sense, spirit, and humanity; but, after the death of Langton, Avho survived this transaction twenty-four years, a bishop succeeded, of whom it is observed by Godwyn, that, after having sat thirty-eight years, he had done nothing worthy of commendation, nisi forte hoc ab illo recte factum dicamus, quod mortmis est. This was Roger de Northborough, a man much more acccommodating to the views of monks, and accordingly, by a second ordination, dated at Manchester, 12 kal. Apr. in the year 1330, after reciting the immoderate endowment of the present Vicarage, the barren- ness of the place, the great resort of strangers, the increased number of monks, the expenses incurred in building, &c. this bishop having examined the abbot and vicar in person, and the convent by their proctor, and exacted an oath from all parties to abide his ordination, decrees that the Vicarage in future shall consist in a competent manse, with a yard within the abbey close, to be erected at the expence of the house, in hay sufficient for one horse, with four quarters of oats, and in sixty-six marks, payable in money ; in consi- deration of which, the vicar should undergo all ordinary burdens of the said church, the chapel of Alvctham, concerning which the suit was now determined, and all the other chapels ; that he should also find a priest for each chapel, with bread and wine for the communion, &c. ; and moreover, that he should distribute the sum of 13*. 4 morrow of St. Michael, yearly, to the convent, as a pittance.
over, with the cxpenccs of the sacramental elements, and with the support of seven priests, to officiate in the dependent chapels.
were endowed with competent glebes before Henry de Lacy's grant of the advowson, A.D. 1284. And all these glebes, though merged from the time of this ordination in the glebe
of the rectory, remained till the late sale of one moiety of the rectory, distinct from all other property, and generally contiguous to the churches to which they originally
belonged. have uniformly been allotted with a reference to the ancient oxgang ; and 2dly, how little that admeasurement varied from itself in seven distinct instances.
BOOK II. CHAP. III.] PARISH CHURCH AND VICARAGE. 205
COMPARATIVE TABLE OF THE CHAPELS OF THE OLD FOUNDATION IN THE PARISH OF WHALLEY, WITH THE
MEASURE OF THEIR RESPECTIVE GLEBES IN OXGANGS AND ACRES. Name.
St. Magdalen,
BRUNLEY
CHURCH
. charter, and therefi existing temp. Hem
Imi.
il's i 2 . . . ' . ici 1
K.
p.
o 2
f founded by H. fil. Loswine, ")
I circ. R. Ric. Imi. [1189]] | before the year 1284. {originally endowed as a parish church ; but, upon being reduced to a state of
dependence, the glebe appears to have been restored to the manor.
2 ... 3G 20
I have lately met with the original, from which the following instrument is tran- scribed, among the charters at Towneley. [It is dated in 1393, and exonerates the
parishioners resident in the chapelries of Colne, Burnley, Church, and Ilaslingden, from contributing to the repairs of the church of Whalley, charging those living in Whallcy,
Clitheroe, and Downhani : ] Decanatu de Blackburn ultimo exercuit, compcrtum fuit quod ecclcsia parochialis do Whalley in coopertura, parietibus et fenestris, et ccmitcrium ejusdem in clausnra multiformcs patiebatur defectus, in dcfcctu
parochianorum dictae ecclesia? et capellarum de Colne, Brunlcy, Church, ct Hasclyngden, ab eadcm ecclcsia dependentium ; super quibus dictus Dominus Archidiaconus parochianos capellarum prscdictarum ad ccrtos
diem et locum super dicto compcrto fecit coram eo officiali suo ut cjus commissario evocari. Qui quidcm parochiani capellarum dictarum cisdcm die ct loco sibi assignatis coram nobi.s commissario dicti Domini
comparuerint, et quandam relaxacionem sivc rcnunciacionem in scripto redacto divcrsis sigillis cum sigillo officialis Ccstriensis signato per parochianos do Whalley, Clidcrowe, et Dounum factam, dictos parochianos
de Colne, Brunley, Churche, et Hasclynden, ut vidcbatur, omni onerc dicta? ecclesiae parochiali de Whalley faciendo exonerantem, et ipsos parochianos de Whalley, Cliderowe, ot Dounum in omnibus onerautem,
judicialiter exhibuerint et ostenderint : unde nos cominissarius dicti domini officialis die et loco dictis paro- chianis capellarum prsedictarum assignatis in hac parte legitime pratendentes, habita publica proclamatione
in judicio .... nemine se opponcnte, dictos parochianos capellarum prasdictarum de Colne, Brunlcy, Chirche, et Haselyngden, consentientibus omnibus in hac parte requisitis, quatenus officium nostrum
prsemisso concernit, ab officio nostro dimisimus per decretum. In cujus rei testimonium sigillum officii dicti domini officialis prassentibus est appensum. Datum apud Werington iiij kal. Aug. anno Domini Mccc
nonagesimo tercio. (29 July 1393.) (From Addenda to the Third Edition.} Castro. The measure is too large for two oxgangs of rich land, and not too small for half a carucate of the same quality. Still I hesitate. After all, is it probable that the chapel of St. Magdalen would be unendowed with any
glebe ? And may not the basis of the estate of the Asshetons in Clitheroe, with the exception of the fourteen burgage houses, have been the half-carucate in question? [I have since discovered that this was the glebe of St. Michael in
Castro. Corrigenda, in Third Edition, p. 552.] to 48 a. 2 r. 4 p. 206
HISTORY OF WHALLEY.
[BOOK II. CHAP. III. In the endowment of these ancient chapels a very laudable attention, we see, was paid to the independence and comfort of the incumbent ; and two oxgangs, or somewhat
more than thirty Lancashire acres, appear in general to have been thought adequate to his support. Whether, before the first appropriation, these chaplains were entitled respectively
to the whole of their own altarage, or to what part of it, or to none at all, does not appear. Langton's ordination, liberal as it was in some respects, the vicar was first robbed by the monks, and then sent to seek his remedy by seizing the glebes and manses of the
dependent clergy. From this sentence, however, the terms of which were, perhaps, as easy as Langton could impose, no appeal lay but to the Court of Rome, where every ear
was closed to a representation of the secular clergy against the monks ; so that from this time forward the poor chaplains were compelled to hire a residence where it could be
found, and to purchase the necessaries of life where they could be obtained, when there was scarcely any exchange or commerce, and that out of a poor pittance of about five
marks per annum. bents again : chantries began to be founded and endowed with competent revenues ; the lands were often within a convenient distance of the church, and furnished with decent
houses ; Burnley alone, though but a chapel, resembled a little college of priests, and had no less than four altars well endowed.
at hand, which swept away, with undistinguishing rapacity, the rewards of piety and wages of superstition. At the dissolution of chantries, 1 Edw. VI. no distinction what-
ever was made in these foundations between the incumbent and the chantry priest ; and though the former was sometimes, not always, permitted to remain in possession of his
own church, 1 he was turned out once more upon the world, without manse or glebe, and compelled to subsist upon a miserable and ill-paid stipend, allotted him by the Commis-
sioners of pious uses ; and in this abject and impoverished state did these foundations continue till the gradual operation of Queen Anne's Bounty restored their ministers to
much of the comforts of independence, though seldom to a convenient and appropriate residence.
tributed more, by the manner in which it was conducted, to injure that excellent cause, than the dissolution of chantries, a measure in which, after the rich harvest of Henry's
plunder was exhausted, it seemed to be the sole object of a profligate court to gather the miserable gleanings of sacrilege without regard to the service of God or to the cause of
religion ; in which, by diminishing the numbers of the clergy, they destroyed much of that and sold again to the inhabitants for divine service, as Littleborough and Milnrow (Towneley MSS.) ; others again left standing, but without endowment or minister, as Holme; even the great parochial cures of Burnley, Colne, &c. were
stripped of everything, and their incumbents paid by trifling pensions. BOOK II. CHAP. III.] PARISH CHURCH AND VICARAOE. 207
and, by impoverishing the foundations which remained, they effectually prevented the introduction of learned and able preachers. For the effect was what might be expected
the inferior clergy of that and the succeeding times have been too often contemptible for their poverty among the rich, their ignorance among the refined, and their bad morals
among the devout ; so that, from the want of a well-informed, respectable, and respected ministry, a country antecedently superstitious and stupid has never been thoroughly evan-
gelized to the present day. Religion, indeed, in the reign of Edward VI. exhibits a spec- tacle at once pleasing and melancholy. The King, a boy, a scholar, and a saint; the
bishops learned, sincere, and zealous ; the courtiers selfish and corrupt ; the inferior clergy, with a few shining exceptions, illiterate and useless ; and the common people, after being
deprived of their old forms, standing at gaze with an excellent liturgy in their hands, which, from the want of a preaching ministry in the country, they had neither been taught
to esteem nor to understand. be improper to give a short view of those which have arisen since. Both these, indeed, |