Sifatdosh (The participle) Umumiy ma 'lumotlar

Izoh: Ba'zi fe'llarning Past Participle (o'tgan zamon sifatdoshi) shakli ko'plikni bil-dirgan otga aylanadi, shu xususiyatga ega bo'lgan barcha shaxs yoki buyumlarni bil-diradi va aniq artikl bilan ishlatiladi: the rewarded mukofotlangunlar, the wounded yaralanganlar.
6. Past Participle to have fe'lining shakllan bilan birikib kelib Perfect zamonlarni yasaydi: I have read men o'qidim, I had read men o'qigandim. I shall have read men o'qigan bo'laman.
7 Past Participle to be fe'lining shakllari bilan birikib kelib majhul _nisbat shakllarini yasaydi: I am given menga berishadi, I was given menga herishdi, I shall be given menga berishadi.
PERFECT PARTICIPLE PASSIVE
Perfect Participle Passive sabab va payt holi bo'lib keladi va gapning kesimidagi ish-harakatdan oldin sodir bo'lgan ish-harakatni bildiradi: Having been sent to the wrong ad- Xat noto'g'ri manzilga yuborilga-dress (= As the letter had been sent ni uchun, u(xat) unga yetib bor- to the wrong address) the letter madi. didn't reach him.
Having been dried and sorted (= Mollar quritilib hamda navlarga After the goods had been dried and ajratilgach omborga joylandi. sorted) the goods were placed in a warehouse.
Perfect Participle Passive ko'pincha Present Participle Passive yoki Past Participle bilan almashtiriladi:
Having been sent to = Being sent to the = Sent to the wrong ad- the wrong address ... wrong address... dress ...
Izoh: Payt holini ifodalovchi Perfect Participle Passive o'rnida ko'pincha Passive Ge­rund ishlatiladi:
Having beeli dried and sorted the goods = After being dried and sorted the goods were placed in a warehouse. were placed in a warehouse.
HOZIRGI VA O'TGAN ZAMON SIFATDOSHLARIMNG ANIQLOVCHI BO'LIB KELGANDA GAPDAGI O'RNI
1. Present va Past Participle fe'llik xususiyatlarini butunlay yo'qotib, ma'nosi sifatga juda yaqinlashib qolganda aniqlovchi bo'lib, otning ol-didan keladi:
He sent me some illustrated cata- U menga bir nechta suratli kata-
logues. loglar yubordi.
A broken cup lay on the table. Siniq piyola stolda yotardi.
2. Present va Past Participleda sifatlik xususiyati bo'lmay, faqat fe'llik xususiyatiga ega bo'lsa, ular aniqlovchi bo'lib otdan keyin ke­ladi va bu sifatdoshlarni aniqlovchi ergash gap bilan almashtirsa bo'ladi:
They showed us a list of the goods Ular bizga sotilgan mollarning
sold (=which had been sold). ro'yxatini ko'rsatishdi.
The captain informed us of the Kapitan bizni yuklangan bug'doyning
quantity of wheat loaded (=which miqdoridan xabardor qildi.
had been loaded). Biz qatnashuvchi tomonlarga tarlif-
We have sent invitations to the nomalar jo'natdik.
par ties participating (=which are participating).
3. Sifatdoshning izohlovchi so'zlari bo'lganda ular aniqlovchi bo'lib faqat otdan keyin keladi:
They showed us a list of the goods Ular bizga kimoshdi savdosida
sold at the auction. sotilgan mollar ro'yxatini ko'rsa­ tishdi.
The captain informed us of the Kapitan bizni Odessada yuklan gan
quantity of wheat loaded in Odessa. bug'doy miqdoridan xabar­dor qildi..
We have sent invitations to the par- Biz kelishuvda ishtirok to­monlarga
ties participating in the agreement. taklifnomalar etuvchi yubordik.