V- Türk Alfabesi - The Turkish Alphabet – Türkisches Alphabet
The Turkish alphabet contains 29 letters. There are 8 vowels and 21 consonants. Although letters Q, W, X do not appear, there are 6 more letters, namely; Ç, Ğ, Ş, Ö, Ü, I. The other letters are the same in both alphabets, but they are pronounced differently.
NOTE: Please notice the letters [i, İ and ı, I]
Minuscule
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Capital
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Minuscule
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Capital
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i
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İ
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ı
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I
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*NOT: Türkçe'de Ğ harfi ile başlayan kelime yoktur.
*NOTE: There is no word that begins with the letter Ğ in Turkish.
A - a as in "ugly "
B - be as in "bell"
C - ce as in "jealous"
Ç – çe as in "chair"
D - de as in "decade"
E - e as in "elephant"
F - fe as in "federal"
G - ge as in "get"
Ğ – ğe*
H - he as in "helicopter"
I - ı as in "number"
İ - i as in "insect"
J - je as in "azure" (garaj = garage, pronounced as in French & English)
K - ke as in "kettle"
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L - le as in "leg"
M - me as in "men"
N - ne as in "never"
O - o as in "orchestra"
Ö - ö as in "urge"
P - pe as in "pen"
R - re as in "red"
S - se as in "sell"
Ş - şe as in "shelf"
T - te as in "telephone"
U - u as in "oops!"
Ü – ü as in "fruit"
V - ve as in "vegetable"
Y - ye as in "yes"
Z - ze as in "zebra"
| VI- Türkçe Telaffuz - Pronunciation Guide - Aussprache
The Pronunciation Of The Alphabet With An Example Word For Each Letter
a-yak
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a-kıl
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|
|
|
|
|
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be-bek
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bar-dak
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bi-ber
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bı-rak
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bö-lüm
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bol
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bü-ro
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bu-run
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ke-mik
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ka-lem
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ki-lit
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kı-rık
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kö-tü
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ko-la
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kü-çük
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ku-tu
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me-lek
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ma-sa
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mi-de
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mı-sır
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möb-le
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mo-tor
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mü-zik
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mu-rat
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per-de
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pa-muk
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pi-de
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pı-nar
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|
po-tin
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pü-re
|
pul
|
|
|
ji-let
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|
jö-le
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|
|
|
şe-ker
|
şa-ka
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şi-ke
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şı-ra
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şöh-ret
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şom
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şüp-he
|
şu-le
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ı-lık
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ıs-lak
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ı-rak
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ıs-ka
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|
|
|
|
öy-kü
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ö-lüm
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ö-zel
|
ö-ren
|
öz-gür
|
öp-mek
|
ö-mer
|
öf-ke
|
ü-züm
|
ün-lü
|
ül-kü
|
üst
|
üs-tü
|
ü-tü
|
üz-gün
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ü-şü
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u-zun
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u-yu
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u-lu
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uy-gar
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u-zak
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u-lak
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u-fak
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us-lu
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a-ğır
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ağ-la
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ağ
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e-ğil
|
e-ğik
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a-ğız
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u-ğur
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o-ğul
| VII- Sözcük dizilişi - Word order - Wortstellung
Basit Cümle - Statement - Aussage:
İsminiz nedir? (Sizin adınız ne?) -What (how) are you called? - Wie heissen Sie?
İsmin ne? (Senin adın ne?) -What's your name? - Wie heisst du?
İsmim Ali. (Benim adım Ali.) -My name is Ali. - Ich heisse Ali.
Siz Balıkesir’den mi geliyorsunuz? - Evet. Ben Balıkesir’den geliyorum.
Are you from Balıkesir? (Do you come from Balıkesir?) - Yes. I come from Balıkesir.
Kommen Sie aus Balıkesir? - Ja, ich komme aus Balıkesir.
Nerede? Where? Wo?
Nerede oturuyorsun? -Where are you living? -Wo wohnst du ? -Kayseri’de oturuyorum. -I’m living in Kayseri. -Ich wohne in Kayseri.
Nerede oturuyor? -Where is he living? -Wo wohnt er? -Berlin’de oturuyor. -He is living in Berlin. -Er wohnt in Berlin.
Nerede çalışıyor? -Where does he work? -Wo arbeitet er? -İPEK’de çalışıyor. -He works at IPEK. -Er arbeitet bei IPEK.
Nereden? Where … from? Woher?
Nereden geliyor? -İzmir’den geliyor.
Where does she come from? (Where is she from?) -She comes from İzmir.
Woher kommt sie? (Wo kommt sie her?) -Sie kommt aus İzmir.
Nereden geliyorsunuz? -Istanbul’dan geliyorum.
Where do you come from? -I come from Istanbul.
Woher kommen Sie? -Ich komme aus Istanbul.
Şahıs zamirleri - Personal Pronouns – Die Personalpronomen
TEKİL – SINGULAR
Zamir
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Pronoun
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Pronomen
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ben
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I
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ich
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Ben on altı yaşındayım./ I'm 16 years old. -Ich bin 16 Jahre alt.
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sen
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you
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du
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(Sen) buraya gel./ Come here! –Komm her!
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o
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he, she, it
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er, sie, es
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O burada mı?/ Is he/she/it here? -Ist er/sie/es da?
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ÇOĞUL - PLURAL
Zamir
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Pronoun
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Pronomen
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biz
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we
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wir
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Biz salı günü geleceğiz./ We are coming on Tuesday.
-Wir kommen am Dienstag.
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siz
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you
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ihr
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Para sizde mi?/ Have you got the money?
-Habt ihr das Geld?
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onlar
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they
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sie
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Onlar bugün geliyorlar./ They are coming today.
-Sie kommen heute.
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siz
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You
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Sie
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Siz bugün gelecek misiniz?/ Are you coming today?
-Kommen Sie heute?
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Personal Pronouns - Şahıs Zamirleri – Personalpronomen
NOTE 1: Personal pronouns are limited to six in Turkish. He, she, it are all expressed by "O" as it is shown above in the table.
NOTE 2: Notice the differences in the singular and plural forms of the second person. The plural form is used the same as in English, but the second person singular form "SEN" is used:
1. Between members of the family,
2. Talking to people who are younger than us,
3. Between old friends or in close friendships.
So, the second person plural form "SİZ" expresses a delicacy and respect; it is generally used to address people in business life, someone older than us or someone we had newly met and in all relations that are not close. Finally "SİZ" is the formal, or polite form of "YOU".
İşaret Sıfatları - Demonstrative Pronouns -Demonstrativpronomen
Subjective Case
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Objective Case
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Dative Case
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bu
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this
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bunu
|
this
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buna
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to this
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şu
|
that
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şunu
|
that
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şuna
|
to that
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o
|
that
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onu
|
that
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ona
|
to that
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bunlar
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these
|
bunları
|
these
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bunlara
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to these
|
şunlar
|
those
|
şunları
|
those
|
şunlara
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to those
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onlar
|
those
|
onları
|
those
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onlara
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to those
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VIII- Şimdiki Zaman - Present - Präsens
OYNAMAK / TO PLAY / SPIELEN
SINGULAR
Ben oynuyorum.
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I play.
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I’m playing.
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Ich spiele.
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Sen oynuyorsun.
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You play. (fam.)
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You are playing.
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Du spielst.
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O oynuyor.
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He, she, it plays.
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He, she, it is playing.
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Er, sie, es spielt.
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PLURAL
Biz oynuyoruz.
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We play.
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We are playing.
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Wir spielen.
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Siz oynuyorsunuz.
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You play.
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You are playing.
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Ihr spielt.
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Onlar oynuyorlar.
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They play.
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They are playing.
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Sie spielen.
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Siz oynuyorsunuz.
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You play.
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You are playing.
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Sie spielen.
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ÇALIŞMAK / TO WORK / ARBEITEN
SINGULAR
Ben çalışıyorum.
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I work.
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I’m working.
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Ich arbeite.
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Sen çalışıyorsun.
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You work. (fam.)
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You are working.
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Du arbeitest.
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O çalışıyor.
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He, she, it works.
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He, she, it is working.
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Er, sie, es arbeitet.
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PLURAL
Biz çalışıyoruz.
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We work.
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We are working.
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Wir arbeiten.
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Siz çalışıyorsunuz.
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You work.
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You are working.
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Ihr arbeitet.
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Onlar çalışıyorlar.
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They work.
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They are working.
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Sie arbeiten.
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Siz çalışıyorsunuz.
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You work.
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You are working.
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Sie arbeiten.
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olmak (-dır) - to be - sein
SINGULAR
Ben hastayım.
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I am
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Ich bin
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Sen hastasın.
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you (fam.) are
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du bist
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O hasta.
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He, she, it is ill.
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Er, sie, es ist krank.
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PLURAL
Biz yorgunuz.
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we are
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wir sind
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Siz yorgunsunuz.
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you (guys) are tired.
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ihr seid müde.
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Onlar yorgunlar.
|
they are
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sie sind
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Siz / Sizler yorgunsunuz.
|
you are
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Sie sind
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-Bu Büşra. -That's Büşra. -Das ist Büşra.
-Siz Yasin misiniz? -Are you Yasin ? -Sind Sie Yasin ?
-Şu karşıdaki Ahmet mi? -Is that Ahmed over there ? -Ist das Ahmed dort drüben ?
-Bu kim? -Who is that ? -Wer ist das ?
Dostları ilə paylaş: |