English as a business language

Word file:
Starch, amylum – nişasta
Complex – mürəkkəb
Intake – udmaq, qəbul etmək
Cereal – taxıl
Syrup – şərbət, sirop
Snack – qəlyanaltı
Versatile – çoxyönlü
Find – tapmaq
Adhesive – yapışqan
Laundry – camaşırxana
Powder – toz
Clarity – aydınlıq, təmizlik
Foam – köpük
Solution – məhlul, həll
Extreme – son dərəcə, ifrat dərəcədə, həddindən artıq
Moisture – nəm
Alternative – seçim, alternative
Muffin – keks
Golden – qızılı
Crispy – xırtıldayan


Questions:
1. What is the synonym of "starch"?
2. What is starch?
3. Is starch tasty or tasteless?
4. Which products contain starch?
5. What is corn starch?
6. How is corn starch used?
7. How do people use corn starch in industry?
8. What is a potato starch?
9. How can you describe potato starch?
10. How do people use potato starch in industry? In culinary?
11. What can the potato starch coating give the foods during the frying process?


Fresh fruits. Products with fresh fruits


Fruit is the sweet or sour and fleshy product of a tree or other plant that contains seed and can be eaten as food. It generally contains seeds. Fruits are usually eaten raw, although some varieties can be cooked. They come in a wide variety of colors, shapes and flavors.
Common types of fruits include:
Berries. A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit. Typically, berries are juicy, rounded, brightly colored, sweet, sour or tart and many seeds may be present. Common examples are strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, mulberries, red currants, blackcurrants, etc. Berries are perishable fruits with a short shelf life, and are often preserved by drying, freezing, pickling or making fruit preserves.
Citrus fruits. Citrus fruits are notable for their fragrance, partly due to flavonoids and limonoids contained in the rind, and most are juice-laden. The juice contains a high quantity of citric acid and other organic acids giving them their characteristic sharp flavour.
They are also good sources of vitamin C. The content of vitamin C in the fruit depends on the species, variety, and mode of cultivation. Some examples are oranges, lemons, limes, tangerines, grapefruits, bananas, pineapples.
Pome fruits. Pome is a fruit consisting of a fleshy enlarged receptacle and a tough central core containing the seeds. The best-known example of a pome is the apple. Other examples of plants that produce fruit classified as a pome are pears, quinces, etc.
Stone fruits. Stone fruit is a fruit with flesh or pulp enclosing a stone, such as a peach, plum, mango, avocado or apricot.


Culinary use of fruit:
1. Fruit is eaten both fresh and as jam, as dried form, marmalade and other fruit preserves. There are many varieties of fruit preserves globally, distinguished by the method of preparation, type of fruit used, and place in a meal. Sweet fruit preserves such as jams, jellies, and marmalades are often eaten at breakfast with bread or as an ingredient of a pastry or dessert. Jam contains juice and flesh of fruit or vegetables.
Good jam has a soft consistency without distinct pieces of fruit, a bright color, a good fruit flavor.


2. Fruit is used extensively in manufactured and processed foods (cakes, cookies, muffins, baked goods, flavorings, ice cream, yogurt, canned vegetables, frozen vegetables and meals). Fruits are commonly incorporated whole form, as a chopped or sliced form into the batter for baking, and care is often taken so as to not burst the fruits. Frozen or dried fruits may be preferable for some baked fruit products. Fresh fruits, such as berries are also often incorporated into baked berry desserts, sometimes with cream, either as a filling to the dessert or as a topping.


3. Fruit is used beverages such as fruit juices, compotes and alcoholic beverages (brandy, fruit beer, wine, cider). Wine is the principal fermented beverage made from berries (grapes). Fruit wines are commonly made out of other berries. Examples of fruit wines made from berries include: strawberry wine, blueberry wine, blackberry wine, redcurrant wine, cranberry wine. Lemon or lime, apple, berry is commonly used as a garnish for water, soft drinks, or cocktails. Citrus juices, rinds, or slices are used in a variety of mixed drinks. Orange and grapefruit juices are popular breakfast beverages. More acidic citrus, such as lemons and limes, are generally not eaten on their own. Lemonade or limeade is popular beverages prepared by diluting the juices of these fruits and adding sugar. They are also used in cooked dishes, or sliced and used as garnishes. Their juice is used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes; it can commonly be found in salad dressings and squeezed over cooked fish, meat, or vegetables.


4. Fruit is used as vinegar. Vinegar is commonly used in food preparation, in particular as pickling liquids and salad dressings. It is an ingredient in sauces, such as hot sauce, mustard, ketchup, and mayonnaise. Marinades often contain vinegar. Soups sometimes have vinegar added to them, as is the case with hot and sour soup. Apple cider vinegar is made from cider or apple must, and has a brownish-gold color. It can be diluted with fruit juice or water or sweetened (usually with honey) for consumption. Vinegar made from grape is used in cuisines of the Middle East. It is cloudy and medium brown in color, with a mild flavor.


Fruits are also used for socializing and gift-giving in the form of fruit baskets and fruit bouquets.


Word file:
Sour – turş
Fleshy, pulpy - ətli
Although – baxmayaraq ki
Berry – giləmeyvə
Strawberry – çiyələk
Raspberry – moruq
Blueberry – qaragilə
Blackberry – böyürtkən
Mulberry – tut
Currant – qarağat
Fragrance - ətir
Rind – qabıq; syn: bark, shell, husk
Juice – şirə
Sharp – iti, kəskin
Lime – laym (kiçik yaşıl limon)
Pineapple – ananas
Tangerine – naringi; mandarin
Quince – heyva
Peach – şaftalı
Apricot - ərik
Cookie – peçenye
Wine – şərab
Cranberry – mərcan
Garnish – qarnir; bəzək
Slice – dilim, dilimləmək; sliced – dilimlənmiş
Squeeze – sıxmaq; squeezed – sıxılmış
Mustard – xardal


Questions:

1. 
   What is fruit?
   
2. 
   How are fruits usually eaten?
   
3. 
   What are the common types of fruit?
   
4. 
   What berries can you name?
   
5. 
   What citrus fruits do you know?
   
6. 
   What can you say about pome fruits?
   
7. 
   And what about stone fruits?
   
8. 
   How can we preserve fruit?
   
9. 
   What does jam contain?
   
10. 
    In which manufactured or processed products is fruit used?
    
11. 
    Is fruit used in beverages? What beverages?
    
12. 
    What is vinegar? What kind of vinegar do you know?
    
13. 
    How can we use fruit juice in a variety of dishes?
    
14. 
    Do you like fruit? What fruit do you like most of all?
    
    
    

About vegetables


Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. Vegetables can be eaten either raw or cooked and play an important role in human nutrition, being mostly low in fat and carbohydrates, but high in vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber. Hygiene is important when handling foods to be eaten raw, and such products need to be properly cleaned, handled, and stored to limit contamination.
Fruit and vegetables are the source of vitamins. They play an important role in human nutrition. Most are low in fat and calories but are bulky and filling. When vegetables are included in the diet, there is found to be a reduction in the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic ailments. Therefore many nutritionists encourage people to consume plenty of fruit and vegetables, five or more portions a day often being.


Vegetables have been part of the human diet from time immemorial. Some are staple foods but most are accessory foodstuffs, adding variety to meals with their unique flavors and at the same time, adding nutrients necessary for health. And there's more than one way to enjoy vegetables at their best.
Here are some methods of cooking vegetables: