NOVEMBER 2017 CTC SENTINEL 1
The October 2015 emergence of the Islamic State in So-
malia has led some observers to wonder if its presence
poses a legitimate challenge to the jihadi hegemony ex-
erted by al-Shabaab. However, al-Shabaab far outstrips it
in three domains: capacity for violence, ability to govern,
and media and propaganda efforts. Though the Islamic
State in Somalia remains unlikely to threaten al-Shabaab’s
hegemony, scenarios that could at least lead to a greater
parity between the groups include greater coordination
between ISS and Islamic State central, and the degrada-
tion of al-Shabaab by the multinational AMISOM force.
S
ince 2007, al-Shabaab has ruled the roost as the most
powerful jihadi group in Somalia, and indeed, the Horn
of Africa. Yet, the longevity of this supremacy came into
question in October 2015 when Abdulqadir Mumin,
a
a
former al-Shabaab ideologue who was part of a Punt-
land-based faction of the group, defected from the avowed al-Qa`i-
da branch and pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and the
Islamic State. Over time, an intra-jihadi battle of sorts has arisen.
The Islamic State has begun courting and converting al-Shabaab
members, and in response, al-Shabaab has been waging an internal
counter-messaging campaign, in addition to employing violence
against members of the Islamic State as well as its own members
sympathetic to the Islamic State cause inside Somalia.
With the presence of both al-Shabaab and the Islamic State
in Somalia (ISS) in the country, sundry observers have wondered
aloud: could the Islamic State in Somalia challenge al-Shabaab for
land, legitimacy, or influence?
1
Or has al-Shabaab sufficiently ce-
a Mumin was a well-known ideologue who was featured in several al-Shabaab
videos, when he was still part of that group. This includes an April 2015
video in which he tried to rally fighters to the Golis Mountains in Somalia’s
northern Sanaag Region. Prior to that, he was featured in a video series for
Ramadan, one in which he gave a speech. He would appear in at least two
more videos documenting al-Shabaab battles in the Lower Shabelle and
Bay regions before his defection.
mented itself in Somalia so as not to seriously face a threat from the
relatively new Islamic State-aligned Somalia group? More broadly,
what impact might the presence of two groups—one an al-Qa`i-
da branch and the other an Islamic State affiliate—mean for peace
and security in Somalia? This piece traces the four periods in the
ISS and al-Shabaab rivalry—starting with the emergence of ISS;
the Islamic courting of al-Shabaab members; al-Shabaab’s attacks
on its own pro-Islamic State members; and al-Shabaab attacks on
Islamic State cells in Somalia.
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