College of education and behavorial study departement of educational planning and management assessing the practice of diversity management in

3.3.2.3 Observation
McMillan & Schumacher (1997) as a technique for gathering information, the observational 
method relies on the researcher seeing and hearing things which she/he necessary to record since 
they are meaningful to the outcomes of the study. Due to this reason Observation was used when 
attending in the selected schools. Semi- structured observation checklist was developed 
accordingly with interview. In addition to these, the researcher visited each school for a day. 

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However, as a school member the researcher also visited secondary school usually. Issues which 
have significance for this study were identified though time. This was significant action to 
explore something new in classroom, health and physical education session recess time and 
lunch break. The observation was undertaken outdoor situations to find out details on diversity 
management practices. Three civics and ethical education classrooms lessons were selected for 
the observation by receiving permissions from the school principal. In all schools, the teachers to 
be observed in the classrooms were by the recommendation of the schools leaders. One 
classroom was observed from each school and observations were conducted on both grade nine 
and ten. Two English and history teachers‘ sessions was also observed. At lunch breaks were 
also targeted to outdoor observation by expecting more natural reflection of the students towards 
culture, linguistic religion, and ethnic diversity dimensions.
3.5 Development of the Instruments 
To develop the questionnaire and interview questions, the researcher has read different research 
works. At first, the English version of the principals, teachers, and students questionnaire was 
designed based on the literature review. Secondly, the students‘ questionnaire was translated to 
Afan Oromo and Amharic language in order to decrease confusion.
Following this, in order to make sure the participants of the study fully comprehend the items of 
the questionnaire, the researcher tried to get comments from one Ph.D. students and two MA 
holders for the English version of the questionnaire and the interview questions. One teacher 
from preparatory school included for the Afan Oromo one from secondary Amharic form of the 
students questionnaire. The researcher made a revision based on the comments given. Finally, 
after the above steps, the researcher‘s advisor commented all the works.