Introduction a Introduction
and freedom from lust, anger, and greed, constitute duties for all members of society
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and freedom from lust, anger, and greed, constitute duties for all members of society. COMMENTARY The phrase särvavarëikaů refers not only to those acting within the varëäçrama system, but those outside of it as well. Every human being can practice nonviolence, restraint from stealing, the giving up of lust, anger, and greed, and a charitable disposition toward others.
The qualities of nonviolence, truthfulness, honesty, restraint of lust, anger, and greed, and looking after the welfare of others are held in esteem in all human societies.
iÜTaqYa&Pa[aPYaaNauPaUVYaaRÂNMaaePaNaYaNa&iÜJa> ) vSaNGauĺku-le/daNTaaeb]řaDaqYaqTacahUTa> ))22))
ceremony. He should then reside in the äçrama of the spiritual master, while practicing self-control and studying the Vedic literature. COMMENTARY The Lord describes the qualities of the members of the four äçramas in the following nine verses. Brähmaëas, kńatriyas, and vaiçyas are known as dvija, or twice-born. They observe the system of saŕskäras, or purificatory rites, beginning with the garbhädhäna saŕskära, and later on receive the Gäyatré mantra, which signifies their second birth through spiritual initiation. Thereafter, when they are called by the äcärya, they go to live in the gurukula, where they practice self-control and study the Vedas.
The term dvija, or “twice-born,” here indicates the three superior classes, namely brähmaëas, kńatriyas and vaiçyas. The lowest class of men, the çüdras, as well as those who are outside the varëäçrama society do not observe the purificatory rites that are performed by the higher three classes. Because of this, their condition is full of ignorance and so they should be carefully guided so as not to become disresptful of the higher classes of men. Those who observe the purificatory processes should give up whimisical arguments and instead become submissive to the elevated devotees of the Lord. TEXT 23 Mae%l/aiJaNad<@a+ab]řSaU}ak-Ma<@lU/Na( ) Jai$=l/ae_DaaETadÜaSaae_r˘-Paq#=>ku-XaaNdDaTa( ))23))
ňaNa>aaeJaNahaeMaezuJaPaaeŔarecvaGYaTa> ) NaiC^NŰaNNa%raeMaai Lord Kĺńëa’s Description of the Varëäçrama System snäna-bhojana-homeńu japoccäre ca väg-yataů na cchindyän nakha-romäëi kakńopastha-gatäny api 337 A brahmacäré should remain silent while bathing, eating, performing fire sacrifices, chanting mantras, and passing stool and urine. He should not cut his nails and hair, including the armpit and pubic hair. COMMENTARY A brahmacäré should always be seen with a waistband, deerskin, kuça grass, beads, and a sacred thread. He should not be concerned about the whiteness of his teeth or the condition of his clothes. He should neither wear red cloth nor sit on a red äçana. He should remain silent while chanting mantras, and while passing stool or urine.
reTaaeNaavik-reÂaTaub]řv]TaDar>SvYaMa( ) Avk-I AGanykRcaYaRGaaeivPa[Gauĺv*ÖSauraHXauic> ) SaMaaihTa oPaaSaqTaSaNDYaeÜeYaTavaGJaPaNa( ))26))
338 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ COMMENTARY The brahmacäré should remain silent while performing his morning and evening worship, but such silence is not required when he performs his noontime rituals. TEXT 27 AacaYa|Maa&ivJaaNaqYaaNNavMaNYaeTak-ihRicTa( ) NaMaTYaRbuÖyaSaUYaeTaSavRdevMaYaaeGauĺ ))27))
The Supreme Lord said: “You should know the spiritual master as My most dear servant.” For this reason, it has been stated: guruvaraŕ mukunda preńöhatvena smaret: Remember the spiritual master as the most beloved devotee of Lord Mukunda. One should never disregard the spiritual master by considering him to be an ordinary human being.
PURPORT When the Supreme Lord takes the position of an instructor, desiring to award eternal benefit to the living entities, He becomes known as an äcärya. If one neglects the äcärya, or if a disciple considers himself as equal to his spiritual master and thus displays envy and audacity towards him, then there is no possibility for him to become successful in his vows. This is due to a lack of faith in the spiritual master. Therefore, one who seriously aspires to attain the ultimate goal of life should properly worship the spiritual master, considering him as the supreme personality of servitor Godhead. Instead of considering the äcärya as the object of one’s service, one should consider him a staunch servant of Lord Vińëu. TEXT 28 SaaYa&Pa[aTaĺPaaNaqYa>aE+Ya&TaSMaEiNavedYaeTa( ) YaŔaNYadPYaNaujaTaMauPaYauĹqTaSa&YaTa> ))28))
Lord Kĺńëa’s Description of the Varëäçrama System säyaŕ prätar upänéya bhaikńyaŕ tasmai nivedayet yac cänyad apy anujďätam upayuďjéta saŕyataů 339 Every morning and evening, the brahmacäré should bring whatever food and other things he has received by begging door to door and offer them to his spiritual master. Thereafter, with a controlled mind, he should accept whatever is allotted to him by his spiritual master. COMMENTARY Whatever a brahmacäré collects by begging, or receives in charity, should be offered to the spiritual master. He should only eat, or utilize any object, after being permitted by the spiritual master. PURPORT The purpoe of human life is to revive one’s forgotten relationship with the Supreme Personality of Godhead. This mission is accomplished under the direction of the bona fide spiritual master. From childhood, a boy is trained to become very submissive to his spiritual master and very austere in his lifestyle. Whatever a student has collected, he must offer to the spiritual master and then only accept what is allotted to him by his guru. One who hopes to advance in spiritual life should not want to acquire things for his personal enjoyment. Such training is imparted by the spiritual master to his disciples and when he sees that his student has advanced, he engages him directly in the service of the Supreme Lord. TEXT 29 Xaué[UzMaa YaaNaXaYYaaSaNaSQaaNaENaaRiTadUrek*-TaaĹil/> ))29)) çuçrüńamäëa äcäryaŕ sadopäséta néca-vat yäna-çayyäsana-sthänair näti-düre kĺtäďjaliů One should engage as the humble servant of the äcärya. When the spiritual master goes for a walk, the student should submissively follow him. When the spiritual master rests, the disciple should also rest lying down nearby, always ready to render any required service. When the spiritual master sits down, the disciple should stand nearby with folded hands, ready to execute his order. 340 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ COMMENTARY When the spiritual master walks, a disciple should follow him like a menial servant. When the spiritual master sleeps, a disciple should sleep nearby, and when he sits on his äçana, a disciple should stand in front of him with folded hands, awaiting his order. PURPORT The only means for advancing in spiritual life is to always remain faithfully devoted to the spiritual master. In all respects, one’s relationship with the spiritual master should be that of a master and servant. In this regard, one should contemplate this verse from the Padma Puräëa, Uttara-khaëňa:
Wv&v*taaeGauĺku-le/vSaeŮaeGaivviJaRTa> ) ivŰaSaMaaPYaTaeYaaviŘ>a]Ü]TaMa%i<@TaMa( ))30))
While living at the gurukula, a brahmacäré should observe strict celibacy. He should not be driven by urges for sense gratification, and he should not think of himself as the enjoyer of the fruits of his karma. Only in this way can one master the spiritual knowledge that is imparted to him by the spiritual master.
Lord Kĺńëa’s Description of the Varëäçrama System TEXT 31 YaŰSaaE^NdSaa&l/aek-Maarae+YaNb]řivíPaMa( ) GaurveivNYaSaeŐeh&SvaDYaaYaaQa|b*hÜ]Ta> ))31))
If a brahmacäré wishes to transfer himself to Maharloka, and from there to Brahmaloka, he should very thoroughly study the Vedas under the direction of the spiritual master while strictly observing the vow of celibacy. COMMENTARY After describing the characteristics of a brahmacäré who may later on enter the gĺhastha äçrama, the Lord now explains the special characteristics of a strict, lifelong brahmacäré in six verses. If a brahmacäré desires to go to Brahmaloka, he should observe strict lifelong celibacy and fully dedicate himself to his spiritual master while engaging in advanced study of the Vedas.
Anyone who desires to attain perfection in life must engage his body, mind, and words in the service of the spiritual master, without any separate interest.
AGanaEGauravaTMaiNacSavR>aUTaezuMaa&ParMa( ) APa*QaGDaqĺPaSaqTab]řvcRSVYak-LMaz> ))32))
The phrase bramavarcca means “the enlightenment one attains by carefully studying the Vedic literature.”
342 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ PURPORT If a person actually becomes enlightened as a result of studying the Vedas, he will never again willfully indulge in sinful activities. In the state of self-realization, one does not proudly consider himself to be the enjoyer of the perishable material objects. Rather, he thinks himself to be an eternal servant of the Supreme Lord, and thus he remains engaged in the devotional service of the Lord without deviation.
ńq Pa[ai engaged in sexual intercourse. With a spirit of enjoyment, if the brahmacäré sees, touches, intimately converses with, plays with, or jokes with a woman, then his ruination is inevitable. One should
not associate with women, talk about women, or even associate or talk about those who are attached to women. This principle is particularly applicable to brahmacärés,
the regulative principles, he is known as gĺha-vrata, or an overly-attached householder. That is the danger of household life, where there are many opportunities to engage in
unrestricted sense gratification. A sannyäsé, brahmacäré, or vänaprastha should strictly avoid everything related to sex and should never even gaze at an animal engaged in
sexual affairs. Lord Kĺńëa’s Description of the Varëäçrama System TEXTS 34-35 XaaEcMaacMaNa&ňaNa&SaNDYaaePaaiSTaMaRMaacRNaMa( ) TaqQaRSaevaJaPaae_SPa*XYaa>a+YaaSaM>aaZYavJaRNaMa( ))34)) SavaRé[MaPa[Yau˘-ae_Ya&iNaYaMa>ku-l/NaNdNa ) MaŮav>SavR>aUTaezuMaNaaevaˇ-aYaSa&YaMa> ))35))
Cleanliness, performing äcamana, bathing, performing the religious duties prescribed for the morning, noon, and evening, worshiping Me, going to holy places of pilgrimage, avoiding those things that are forbidden, and cultivating the understanding that I am situated as the Supersoul within all living entities—these practices should be observed by everyone with body, mind, and speech. TEXT 36 Wv&b*hÜ]TaDaraeb]ař Ma٢-STaqv]TaPaSaadGDak-MaaRXaYaae_Mal/> ))36))
This verse explains how one who observes strict celibacy becomes free from material desires.
As he makes advancement in spiritual life, a devotee of the Lord gradually becomes free from material desires, and thus naturally becomes austere and disinterested in
344 UDDHAVA-GÉTÄ mundane enjoyment. As a devotee’s propensity for serving Kĺńëa progressively increases, his desire for enjoying or rejecting the fruits of karma is destroyed. Thus the moon rays of the inclination for the Lord’s service illuminate the sky of the devotee’s heart. TEXT 37 AQaaNaNTarMaave+YaNYaQaaiJajaiSaTaaGaMa> ) Gaurvedi+a The Lord herein explains how a brahmacäré who wants to become a gĺhastha should return home. After duly completing his study of the Vedas at the gurukula, a brahmacäré who wants to enter householder life should return home after offering remuneration to his spiritual master and taking his permission, and then performing the prescribed ritualistic bath. PURPORT This verse describes the procedure for one who desires to return home and enter the household order of life after finishing his education at the guru-kula. One who has not perfectly assimilated the instructions of the spiritual master is attracted to the household order of life, which is to be accepted according to the regulations prescribed by the scriptures. If one is not careful to observe the prescribed rules and regulations while in household life, he certainly becomes fallen.
Ga*h&vNa&vaePaivXaeTPa[v]JaeÜaiÜJaaetaMa> ) Aaé[Maadaé[Ma&GaC^eNNaaNYaQaaMaTParęreTa( ))38))
Lord Kĺńëa’s Description of the Varëäçrama System 345 If a brahmacäĺé wants to fulfill his material desires, he should accept the gĺhastha äçrama. If a brähmaëa’s only desire is to advance on the path of spiritual realization, he should accept either the vänaprastha äçrama or sannyäsa äçrama. One who is not surrendered to Me should move progressively from one äçrama to another, however, and not act otherwise. COMMENTARY According to one’s level of advancement, one should situate himself in one of the four äçramas. Generally, one is advised to advance from one äçrama to another— from the brahmacarya äçrama to the gĺhastha äçrama, then the vänaprastha äçrama, and finally the sannyäsa äçrama. In this verse it is indicated that those who are not surrendered devotees of the Lord must rigidly observe the regulations governing one’s authorized social status. Here, however, it is recommended that a purified brähmaëa take to the renounced order of life (sannyäsa). If, however, one performs illicit activities on the strength of being transcendental to Vedic social divisions, one is revealed to be a materialistic neophyte and not an advanced devotee of the Lord. Yüklə 8,84 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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