So prep. A, with instr

sredià prep., with gen. 1, in the middle of. 2, among. Ñsredià (or sred;) beÃla dnq, in broad daylight.

srediÃna n. = serediÃna. ÑsrediÃnnyj, adj. = serediÃnnyj.

sreÃdne adv. fair; so-so.

sredne- prefix 1, central: sredneaziaÃtskij, Central Asian. 2, middle: sredneangliÃjskij qzyÃk, Middle English.

srednevekoÃvyj adj. medieval. ÑsrednevekoÃv;e, n. the Middle Ages.

sreneveÃs n. middleweight.

sreÃdnee n., decl. as an adj. average: vyÃwe/niÃ'e sreÃd-nego, above/below average. Ñv sreÃdnem, on the aver-age.

sreÃdnij adj. 1, middle. 2, center: sreÃdnij proxoÃd, center aisle. 3, medium: sreÃdnij bombardiroÃv]ik, medium bomber. 4, average; mean. 5, average; medi-ocre. 6, gram. neuter. 7, (of school or education) secon-dary. ÑsreÃdnie vekaÃ, the Middle Ages. ÑsreÃdnix let, middle-aged. ÑsreÃdnej rukiÃ, ordinary; of no particular distinction.

sredotoÃhie n. focus; focal point; center; hub.

sreÃdstvo n. 1, usu. pl. means. SreÃdstvo dosti'eÃ-niq ceÃli, means of achieving a goal. SreÃdstva proiz-voÃdstva, means of production. HeloveÃk so sreÃdst-vami, man of means. 2, way: prostoÃe sreÃdstvo (+ gen. or inf.) a simple way of... 3, pl. funds: sbor sredstv, fund raising. 4, medication; remedy: vozbu'-daÃ[]ee sreÃdstvo, stimulant; sreÃdstvo ot kaÃwlq, cough remedy. 5, agent: otbeÃliva[]ee sreÃdstvo, bleaching agent. MoÃ[]ee sreÃdstvo, detergent. SreÃd-stvo ot nasekoÃmyx, insect repellent. ÑsreÃdstva maÃssovoj informaÃcii, the media.

sred; prep. = srediÃ.

srez n. 1, cut; slice; section. 2, microscopic section.

sreÃÃzat; [infl. sreÃ'u, sreÃ'ew;] v., pfv. of reÃzat; (in qsense #6) and srezaÃt;. ÑsreÃzat;sq, refl., pfv. of srezaÃt;sq.

srezaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. sreÃzat;] 1, to cut off; cut away. SrezaÃt; cvetyÃ, to cut flowers. 2, to strike down; cut down. 3, fig. to reduce; cut down. 4, to cut off (while speaking). 5, sports to slice (a ball). 6, colloq. to flunk (a student). 7, in sreÃzat; uÃgol, to take a shortcut. ÑsrezaÃt;sq, refl. (with na + prepl.) to flunk (an examination).

sreÃzyvat; v.impfv. = srezaÃt;.

srisovaÃt; [infl. -suÃ[, -suÃew;] v., pfv. of srisoÃ-vyvat;.

srisoÃvyvat; v.impfv. [pfv. srisovaÃt;] to copy.

srovnqÃt; v., pfv. of rovnqÃt; and sraÃvnivat; (in sense #3).

srodnià adv. (with dat.) colloq. 1, related (to). 2, fig. akin (to).

srodniÃt; v., pfv. of rodniÃt;. ÑsrodniÃt;sq, refl. (with s + instr.) 1, to become close to. 2, to get used to.

sroÃdnyj adj. related.

srodstvoà n. affinity.

sroÃdu adv., colloq. 1, (fol. by ne) never (in oneÕs whole life). 2, since one was born; always.

srok n. 1, period of time: v koroÃtkij srok, in a short time. Srok o'idaÃniq, waiting period. 2, term: izbi-raÃt;sq sroÃkom na hetyÃre goÃda, to be elected for a four-year term. 3, date: namehaÃt; srok, to set the date. 4, deadline. Ñv srok; k sroÃku, in time; on time; on schedule. Ñdo sroÃÃka; raÃn;we sroÃka, ahead of time; ahead of schedule. ÑkraÃjnij or posleÃdnij or pre-deÃl;nyj srok, deadline. Ñsrok deÃjstviq, period of time that something is valid. Srok deÃjstviq vaÃwego paÃsporta ist\k, your passport has expired. Ñsrok sluÃ'by, 1, period of service; enlistment; hitch. 2, life (of a battery, machine, etc.).

sroÃhno adv. 1, urgently. 2, immediately; without delay.

sroÃhnost; n.f. 1, urgency. 2, colloq. hurry.

sroÃhnyj adj. 1, urgent; pressing: sroÃhnoe deÃlo, ur-gent matter. SroÃhnyj zakaÃz, rush order. 2, prompt. 3, for a fixed period: sroÃhnaq sluÃ'ba, service for a fixed period; regular tour of duty.

srub n. 1, felling (of timber): prodavaÃt; na srub, to sell for timber. 2, frame; framework. 3, log cabin.

srubaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. srubiÃt;] to chop down; fell.

srubiÃt; v.pfv. [infl. srubl[Ã, sruÃbiw;] 1, pfv. of srubaÃt;. 2, to build (of logs).
sryv n. failure; breakdown; collapse.

sryvaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. sorvaÃt;] 1, to tear off; tear away. 2, to pick; pluck. 3, to frustrate; disrupt; thwart; foil. 4, fig., colloq. to win (applause); steal (a kiss); wangle (money). 5, (with na + prepl.) to vent (oneÕs feelings) on; take out (oneÕs anger) on. 6, [pfv. sryt;] to level with the ground; raze to the ground. ÑsorvaÃt; bank, to break the bank. ÑsorvaÃt; goÃlos, to strain oneÕs voice.

sryvaÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. sorvaÃt;sq] 1, to come off; come loose. 2, to fall; slip; tumble. 3, to break loose. 4, (with s + gen.) to jump up (from) and take off. 5, (of applause, a storm, etc.) to break out. 6, fig., colloq. to fail; fall through. 7, (of oneÕs voice) to break. ÑsryvaÃt;sq s gub or s qzykaÃ, to escape oneÕs lips.

sryt; [infl. sroÃ[, sroÃew;] v., pfv. of sryvaÃt; (in sense #6).

srqídu adv., colloq. in a row; consecutively.

ssaÃdina n. scratch; abrasion.

ssadiÃt; [infl. ssa'uÃ, ssaÃdiw;] v., pfv. of ssaÃ'i-vat;.

ssaÃ'ivat; v.impfv. [pfv. ssadiÃt;] 1, to scratch. 2, to help down; help (someone) get down. 3, to put off; make (someone) get off.

ssoÃra n. quarrel. Ñbyt; v ssoÃre (s), to have had a falling-out (with).

ssoÃrit; v.impfv. [pfv. possoÃrit;] to cause a quarrel between. ÑssoÃrit;sq, refl. to quarrel.

ssoÃxnut;sq [past ssoÃxsq, ssoÃxlas;] v.r., pfv. of ssyxaÃt;sq.

ssuÃda n. loan. ÑbezvozvraÃtnaq ssuÃÃda, outright grant.

ssudiÃt; [infl. ssu'uÃ, ssuÃdiw;] v., pfv. of ssu'aÃt;.

ssu'aÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. ssudiÃt;] to loan; lend.

ssutuÃlit; v., pfv. of sutuÃlit;. ÑssutuÃlit;sq, refl., pfv. of sutuÃlit;sq.

ssylaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. soslaÃt;] to banish; exile. ÑssylaÃt;sq, refl. (with na + acc.) 1, to cite; quote; refer (to); allude (to). 2, to cite (as an excuse); plead; allege.

ssyÃlka [gen. pl. -lok] n. 1, reference: perekr\stnaq ssyÃlka, cross-reference. So ssyÃlkoj na (+ acc.), citing... 2, exile; banishment.

ssyÃlohnyj adj. reference (attrib.).

ssyÃl;nyj adj. in exile. Ñn. exile.

ssyÃpat; [infl. ssyÃpl[, ssyÃplew;] v., pfv. of ssy-paÃt;.

ssypaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. ssyÃpat;] to pour.

ssyxaÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. ssoÃxnut;sq] 1, to warp; become warped. 2, fig., colloq. to become gaunt. 3, to cake; become caked.

stabilizaÃtor n. stabilizer.

stabilizaÃciq n. stabilization.

stabiliziÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ru-ew;] to stabilize. ÑstabiliziÃrovat;sq, refl. to stabi-lize; become stabilized.

stabiÃl;nost; n.f. stability.

stabiÃl;nyj adj. stable. ÑstabiÃl;nyj uheÃbnik, standard textbook.

staÃven; [gen. -vnq] n.m. shutter.

staÃvit; v.impfv. [pfv. postaÃvit;; pres. staÃvl[, staÃviw;] 1, to stand; place; set; put. 2, to park (a car). 3, to install. 4, to apply (to a part of oneÕs body). 5, to affix (a seal, signature, etc.). 6, to stage; produce; put on (a play); make; produce (a movie). 7, to erect (a monu-ment). 8, to post (a sentry). 9, to bet; stake. 10, with various nouns, to set: staÃvit; rekoÃrd, to set a record; staÃvit; hasyÃ/budiÃl;nik, to set a watch/ alarm clock/; staÃvit; sebeà zadaÃhu, to set a task for oneself; staÃvit; sebeà ceÃl;[, to set as oneÕs goal. Ñni vo hto ne staÃvit;, to take no account of. ÑstaÃvit; voproÃs, to pose a question. ÑstaÃvit; v primeÃr, to make an exam-ple of; hold up as an example. ÑstaÃvit; diaÃg-noz, to make a diagnosis. ÑstaÃvit; zadaÃhu (+ dat. or with peÃred), to assign a task (to). ÑstaÃvit; (kogoÃ-nibud;) naà nogi, to get someone on his/her feet. ÑstaÃvit; oÃpyt, to conduct an experiment. ÑstaÃ-vit; otmeÃtki, to give grades. ÑstaÃvit; usloÃviq, to set or lay down conditions.

staÃvka n. 1, stake; stakes: povywaÃt; staÃvku, to raise the stakes. 2, rate: staÃvka proceÃnta, rate of interest. 3, mil. headquarters. ÑdeÃlat; staÃvku na (+ acc.), to count on. Ñna poÃlnu[ staÃvku, full-time.

staÃvlennik n. protŽgŽ.

staÃvnq [gen. pl. -ven] n. shutter.

stadioÃn n. stadium.

staÃdiq n. stage. Po staÃdiqm, in stages.

staÃdnyj adj. (of animals) living in herds; gregarious. ÑstaÃdnyj instiÃnkt, herd instinct.

staÃdo [pl. stadaÃ] n. herd; flock.

sta' n. length of service. SluÃ'a]ij s bol;wiÃm staÃ'em, employee with a long record of service. Nad-baÃvka k zarplaÃte za sta', pay increase for length of service.

sta'\r n. person undergoing on-the-job training.

sta'irovaÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pres. -ruÃ[s;, -ruÃew;-sq] to undergo on-the-job-training. Also, sta'iÃro-vat;sq [pres. -ru[s;, -ruew;sq].

sta'iroÃvka n. practical training; on-the-job training.

staÃivat; v.impfv. [pfv. staÃqt;] to melt.

staÃjer n. long-distance runner.

staÃjka [gen. pl. staÃek] n., dim. of staÃq, small flock; small group.

stakaÃn n. glass: stakaÃn vodyÃ, glass of water.

stakaÃnhik n. 1, small glass. 2, [often, vaÃfel;nyj stakaÃnhik] cone (for ice cream).

stakkaÃto adv. staccato.

staÃksel; n.m. staysail.

stalagmiÃt n. stalagmite.

stalaktiÃt n. stalactite.

stalevaÃr n. steelworker.

staleliteÃjnyj adj. pert. to the making of steel: staleliteÃjnyj zavoÃd, steel mill.

staleliteÃj]ik n. steelworker.

staleplaviÃl;nyj adj. pert. to the smelting of steel: staleplaviÃl;naq peh;, steel-smelting furnace.

staÃlkivat; v.impfv. [pfv. stolknuÃt;] 1, to push off; push away; push down; push into. 2, to cause (objects) to strike each other. 3, colloq. to bring together. ÑstaÃlki-vat;sq, refl. 1, to collide. 2, fig. to clash. 3, (with s + instr.) run into; encounter. 4, (with instr.) to bump: stolknuÃt;sq golovaÃmi or lbaÃmi, to bump heads.

stal; n.f. steel.

stal;noÃj adj. 1, steel; of steel. 2, fig. steely.

stameÃska [gen. pl. -sok] n. chisel.

stan n. 1, figure; build. 2, mill: prokaÃtnyj stan, rolling mill. 3, camp. ÑnoÃtnyj stan, music staff.

standaÃrt n. 1, standard. 2, fig. stereotype.

standartizaÃciq n. standardization.

standartiziÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ruew;] to standardize. Also, standartizovaÃt; [pres. -zuÃ[, -zuÃew;].

standaÃrtnyj adj. 1, standard; standardized. 2, fig. stan-dard; conventional.

staniína n. mount; base.

stanioÃl; n.m. tin foil.

staniÃca n. 1, large Cossack village. 2, flock (of birds).

stankoÃvyj adj. machine (attrib.). ÑstankoÃvyj pu-lem\t, heavy or medium machine gun.

stanoviÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. stat;; pres. stano-vl[Ãs;, stanoÃviw;sq] 1, to stand: StaÃn;te peredo mnoj, stand in front of me. 2, (with instr.) to become; get. Stat; druz;qÃmi, to become friends. StaÃlo xoÃlodno, it has gotten cold. PogoÃda staÃla luÃhwe, the weather has gotten better. Ñstat; v oÃhered;, to get on line. Ñstat; v poÃzu, to strike a pose. Ñstat; na koleÃni, to kneel (down); get down on oneÕs knees. Ñstat; naà nogi, to get on oneÕs feet. Ñstat; na put; (+ gen.), to embark on a path of. Ñstat; na stoÃronu (+ gen.), to side with; take the side of. See also stat;.

stanovleÃnie n. (with gen.) formation (of): stanov-leÃnie xaraÃktera, formation of character.

stanovoÃj adj., pre-rev. district (attrib.). ÑstanovoÃj xrebeÃt; stanovaÃq 'iÃla, backbone; mainstay.

stanoÃk [gen. -nkaÃ] n. 1, machine: freÃzernyj stanoÃk, milling machine. 2, machine tool. 3, any of various de-vices: pehaÃtnyj stanoÃk, printing press; tkaÃckij sta-noÃk, loom; tokaÃrnyj stanoÃk, lathe. 4, gun mount.

stanoíhnik n. machine operator; machine tool operator.

stans n. stanza (of four lines).

stancioÃnnyj adj. station (attrib.).

staÃnciq n. 1, station: 'eleznodoroÃ'naq/zapraÃvoh-naq/kosmiÃheskaq staÃnciq, railroad/filling/space sta-tion. 2, R.R. yard: tovaÃrnaq staÃnciq, freight yard; sortiroÃÃvohnaq staÃnciq, switchyard. ÑtelefoÃnnaq staÃnciq, telephone exchange.

staÃptyvat; v.impfv. [pfv. stoptaÃt;] 1, to wear down (shoes, heels, etc.). 2, colloq. to trample. ÑstaÃptyvat;sq, refl. (of shoes, heels, etc.) to wear down; become worn down.

staraÃnie n. effort: prilagaÃt; vse staraÃniq, to exert every effort.

staraÃtel; n.m. prospector for gold; gold digger.

staraÃtel;nyj adj. diligent; assiduous; painstaking. ÑstaraÃtel;no, adv. diligently; painstakingly; carefully. ÑstaraÃtel;nost;, n.f. diligence.

staraÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. postaraÃt;sq] to try.

stareÃjwina n.m. elder.

stareÃnie n. aging.

stareÃt; v.impfv. 1, [pfv. postareÃt;] to grow old; get old; age. 2, [pfv. ustareÃt;] to become obsolete; become antiquated.

staÃrec [gen. -rca] n. (venerable) old man.

stariÃk [gen. -rikaÃ] n. old man.

starinaà n.f. 1, ancient times; olden times: v starinuÃ, in ancient/olden times. 2, old ways; old customs: po sta-rineÃ, the old way; the traditional way. 3, relic of the past. Ñn.m., colloq. old man!; old boy! ÑtrqxnuÃt; stari-noÃj, to relive oneÕs youth.

stariÃnka n., in po stariÃnke, the old way.

stariÃnnyj adj. 1, old; ancient. 2, antique.

staÃrit; v.impfv. [pfv. sostaÃrit;] to age; make old. ÑstaÃrit;sq, refl. to age; grow old.

starihoÃk [gen. -hkaÃ] n. little old man.

staroveÃr n., hist. Old Believer.

starodaÃvnij adj. 1, (of times) olden. 2, (of an object, custom, etc.) very old.

staro'iÃl n. long-time resident.

starozaveÃtnyj adj. 1, old-fashioned. 2, antiquated.


staromoídnyj adj. old-fashioned.

staroobraíznyj adj. old-looking.

staroobrqÃdec [gen. -dca] n., hist. Old Believer.

staÃrosta n.m. 1, village elder. 2, monitor (in school). ÑcerkoÃvnyj staÃrosta, churchwarden.

staÃrost; n.f. old age. Ñna staÃrosti let, in oneÕs old age.

start n. 1, sports start. Na start!, on your mark! 2, starting line. 3, aero. takeoff. 4, blast-off.

staÃrter n., mech. & sports starter.

startovaÃt; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -tuÃ[, -tuÃew;] 1, sports to start. 2, aero. to take off. 3, (of a space vehicle) to blast off.

staÃrtovyj adj. 1, sports starting: staÃrtovaq liÃniq, starting line. StaÃrtovyj pistoleÃt, starterÕs pistol. 2, for launching: staÃrtovaq plo]aÃdka, launch(ing) pad.

staruÃxa n. old woman.

staruÃwka [gen. pl. -wek] n. old woman.

staÃrheskij adj. 1, of old age. 2, senile. ÑstaÃrhe-skoe slabouÃmie, senility.

staÃrwe adj., comp. of staÃryj and staÃrwij.

starweklaÃssnik n. pupil in his senior year.

starwekuÃrsnik n. senior (in college).

staÃrwij adj., used only as a modifier 1, older; elder. 2, oldest; eldest. 3, senior; head. Ñn. 1, chief; superior; man in charge. 2, pl. adults. 3, pl. oneÕs elders. ÑstaÃrwij kurs, senior year. ÑstaÃrwij lejtenaÃnt, first lieu-tenant.

starwinaà [pl. starwiÃny] n.m. 1, mil. master sergeant. 2, naval petty officer. 3, pre-rev. foreman (of a shop, jury, etc.). Ñstarwinaà diplomatiÃheskogo koÃrpusa, dean of the diplomatic corps.

starwinstvoí n. seniority.

staíryj adj. old. ÑstaÃroe, n. the old; the past.

star;\ n., colloq. old things; junk.

star;\v]ik n. old-clothes dealer; junkman.

staÃskivat; v.impfv. [pfv. sta]iÃt;] 1, to pull off; drag off. 2, to pull into; drag into.

stasovaÃt; v., pfv. of tasovaÃt;.

staÃtika n. statics.

statiÃst n., theat. extra; supernumerary.

statiÃstika n. statistics. ÑstatiÃstik, n. statistician. Ñstatistiíheskij, adj. statistical.

statiÃheskij adj., physics; electricity static.

statiÃhnyj adj. static (not in motion).

staÃtnyj adj. graceful; shapely.

staÃtus n. status.

staÃtus-kvoà n.m. indecl. status quo.

statuÃt n. statute.

statu`Ãtka [gen. pl. -tok] n. statuette; figurine.

staÃtuq n. statue.


stat;¹ v.pfv. [infl. staÃnu, staÃnew;] 1, pfv. of stanoviÃt;sq. 2, (of a watch, machine, etc.) to stop; stop running. 3, (of a river) to freeze over. 4, [past tense only] (with inf.) to begin (to); start. 5, [future tense only] (with inf.) indicates the future: On ne staÃnet est;, he wonÕt eat. 6, (with s + instr.) to happen (to); become (of). 7, impers. (with ne) to die: Egoà ne staÃlo, he died; he was no more. 8, colloq. to cost. Ñvo hto by to ni staÃlo, at all costs. ÑdeÃlo staÃlo za (+ instr.), the delay (or failure) was due to... ÑstaÃlo byt;, conse-quently.