So prep. A, with instr

stroÃjka [gen. pl. stroÃek] n. 1, (act of) building; construction. 2, construction project. 3, construction site.

stroÃjnyj adj. 1, graceful; slender; trim. 2, (of rows or columns) regular; even. 3, logical; coherent; consistent. 4, harmonious.

strokaà [acc. strokuà or stroÃku; pl. stroÃki, strok, strokaÃm] n. line (of writing). ÑhitaÃt; meÃ'du strok, to read between the lines.

stroÃncij n. strontium.

stropiÃlo n. rafter.

stroptiÃvyj adj. obstinate; contrary.

strofaà [pl. stroÃfy] n. stanza.

strohiÃt; v.impfv. [pres. strohuÃ, stroÃhiw; or strohiÃw;] 1, [pfv. prostrohiÃt;] to stitch. 2, [pfv. nastrohiÃt;] colloq. to scribble off; dash off. 3, [impfv. only] colloq. to fire (an automatic weapon); (of a weapon) fire; blaze away.

stroÃhka [gen. pl. -hek] n. 1, = strokaÃ. 2, stitch: a'uÃrnaq stroÃhka, hemstitch.

strohnoÃj adj. (of a letter of the alphabet) small; lower-case. Also, stroÃhnyj.

strug n. plane (tool).

struÃ'ka [gen. pl. -'ek] n. 1, usu. pl. shavings. 2, excelsior. ÑmyÃl;naq struÃ'ka, soap flakes.

struiÃt;sq v.r.impfv. to stream; pour.

struÃjka [gen. pl. struÃek] n. 1, trickle (of water, blood, etc.). 2, wisp (of smoke).

struÃÃjnyj adj. jet (attrib.). ÑstruÃjnoe teheÃnie, jet stream.

struktuÃra n. 1, structure. 2, usu. pl. organizations; institutions: kommeÃrheskie struktuÃry, commercial organizations/institutions. ÑstruktuÃrnyj, adj. struc-tural.


strunaà [pl. struÃny] n. 1, string (of a musical instru-ment, tennis racket, etc.). 2, fig. chord: zadeÃt; huvst-viÃtel;nu[ strunuÃ, to strike a sensitive chord. ÑigraÃt; na slaÃbyx struÃnax (kogoÃ-nibud;), to play on someoneÕs weaknesses.

struÃnka [gen. pl. -nok] n. = strunaÃ. ÑvyÃtqnut;sq or stat; v struÃnku, to stand at (or snap to) attention. ÑxodiÃt; po struÃnke (u), to toe the line (for).

struÃnnyj adj. 1, string (attrib.): struÃnnyj kvarteÃt, string quartet. 2, (of a musical instrument) stringed.

strup [pl. struÃp;q, struÃp;ev] n. scab.

struÃsit; v., pfv. of truÃsit;.

struhkoÃvyj adj. leguminous. ÑstruhkoÃvyj goroÃx, peas in the pod. ÑstruhkoÃvyj peÃrec, red pepper. ÑstruhkoÃvaq fasoÃl;, string beans.

struhoÃk [gen. -hkaÃ] n. pod.

struqà [pl. struÃi] n. spurt; jet; stream; current. Ñbit; stru\j, to spurt; jet.

strqÃpat; v.impfv. [pfv. sostrqÃpat;] colloq. 1, to cook. 2, fig. to cook up; concoct.

strqpnqà n., colloq. 1, cooking. 2, fig. concoction.

strqsaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. strqstiÃ] to shake off.

strqstià [infl. like trqstiÃ] v., pfv. of strqsaÃt;. ÑstrqstiÃs;, refl. (with s + instr.) colloq. (of a mis-fortune) to happen to; befall.

strqÃxivat; v.impfv. [pfv. strqxnuÃt;] 1, to shake off. 2, to shake down (a thermometer).

studeÃnt n.m. [fem. -deÃntka] student.

studeÃnheskij adj. student (attrib.); studentsÕ.

studeÃnhestvo n. 1, students. 2, student days; student life.

stud\nyj adj., colloq. very cold; freezing; icy.

stuÃden; [gen. -dnq] n.m. aspic (of meat or fish).

studiÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. ostudiÃt;; pres. stu'uÃ, stuÃdiw;] colloq. to cool; chill.

stuÃdiq n. 1, studio. 2, school (of drama, art, ballet, etc.).

stuÃ'a n., colloq. severe cold.

stuk n. 1, knock: stuk v dver;, knock at the door. 2, clatter.

stuÃkat; v.impfv. [pfv. stuÃknut;] 1, to knock; rap. 2, to hit; strike. StuÃknut; kulakoÊÃm poà stolu, to bang oneÕs fist on the table. ÑstuÃkat;sq, refl. (with instr.) to bang; bump; knock: stuÃknut;sq golovaÃmi, to bump heads. StuÃknut;sq golovoÃj o dver;, to bang oneÕs head on the door. See also stuÃknut;.

stukaÃh [gen. -kahaÃ] n., colloq. informer; stool pigeon.

stuÃknut; v.pfv. 1, pfv. of stuÃkat;. 2, colloq. (of time) to come. 3, impers. (with dat.)Êcolloq., indicating attainment of a certain age: Emuà u'eà stuÃknulo seÃm;-desqt let, he is already seventy. ÑstuÃknut;sq, refl., pfv. of stuÃkat;sq.


stul n. 1, [pl. stuÃl;q, stuÃl;ev] chair. 2, med. stool. ÑsideÃt; meÃ'du dvux stuÃl;ev, to fall between two stools.

stul;haÃk [gen. -hakaÃ] n. toilet seat.

stuÃl;hik n., dim. of stul. ÑvysoÃkij deÃtskij stuÃl;hik, highchair.

stuÃpa n. mortar (bowl).

stupaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. stupiÃt;] 1, to step. 2, [impfv. only] to walk. Ñnogaà ne stupaÃet (kudaÃ-nibud;), not set foot in (a certain place). See also stupiÃt;.

stupeÃnhatyj adj. stepped; graded.

stupeÃn; n.f. 1, step (on a staircase). 2, fig. step; stage. 3, fig. level. 4, rocketry stage.

stupeÃn;ka [gen. pl. -nek] n. 1, step (on a staircase). 2, rung (of a ladder).

stupiÃt; v.pfv. [infl. stupl[Ã, stuÃpiw;] 1, pfv. of stu-paÃt;. 2, (with na + acc.) to set foot on.

stupiÃca n. hub (of a wheel).

stuÃpka [gen. pl. -pok] n. = stuÃpa.

stupnqà n. 1, foot. 2, sole (of the foot).

stuÃpor n. stupor.

stuhaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. postuhaÃt;; pres. -huÃ, -hiÃw;] 1, to knock; rap: stuhaÃt; v dver;, to knock/rap on the door. 2, (with instr.) to bang; pound: stuhaÃt; kula-kaÃmi v dver;, to bang/pound on the door with oneÕs fists. 3, (with v + acc.) (of rain) to beat against. 4, (of oneÕs teeth) to chatter; (of oneÕs heart) to throb. 5, impers. to throb: U menqà stuhiÃt v viskaÃx, my temples are throbbing. ÑstuhaÃt;sq, refl. (with v + acc.) to knock (on); rap (on).

stuwevaÃt;sq v.r., pfv. of tuwevaÃt;sq and stu-w\vyvat;sq.

stuw\vyvat;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. stuwevaÃt;sq] colloq. 1, to become indistinct; fade away. 2, to withdraw into the background. 3, (with peÃred) to be overshadowed (by). 4, to become flustered.

stuwiÃt; v., pfv. of tuwiÃt; (in sense #2).

styd [gen. stydaÃ] n. shame.

stydiÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. pristydiÃt;; pres. -'uÃ, -diÃw;] to shame; put to shame. ÑstydiÃt;sq, refl. [pfv. postydiÃt;sq] (with gen.) 1, to be ashamed (of). 2, to be uneasy (among).

stydliÃvyj adj. 1, bashful. 2, easily embarrassed. 3, (of a look or expression) embarrassed. ÑstydliÃvo, adv. with embarrassment. ÑstydliÃvost;, n.f. feeling of embarrassment.

styÃdno adj., used predicatively, it is a shame. ÑstyÃd-no!, shame on you! Ñmne styÃÃdno, I am ashamed. Ñkak vam ne styÃdno!, arenÕt you ashamed!

styÃdnyj adj. shameful.
styk n. 1, joint. 2, junction.

stykovaÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. sostykovaÃt;sq; pres. -kuÃetsq] 1, (of space vehicles) to link up; dock. 2, (of railroad tracks) to come together; join.

stykoÃvka n. docking (of space vehicles).

styÃlyj adj., colloq. cold.

styÃnut; v.impfv. [past styl, styÃla] = styt;.

styt; v.impfv. [pres. styÃnu, styÃnew;] 1, [pfv. ostyÃt;] to cool off; get cold. 2, [pfv. zastyÃt;] colloq. to freeze; become frozen. 3, [pfv. ostyÃt;] fig. (of an emotion) to cool. Ñkrov; styÃnet (zastyÃla) v 'iÃlax (with u), oneÕs blood runs (ran) cold.

styÃhka [gen. pl. -hek] n. 1, skirmish; clash. 2, squab-ble; altercation.

st[aÃrd n. steward (aboard ship or aloft). Ñst[ar-deÃssa, (d`) n. stewardess.

stqg n. banner; standard.

stqÃgivat; v.impfv. [pfv. stqnuÃt;] 1, to tighten; draw tight. 2, to tie (tightly): stqÃgivat; kniÃgi remewkoÃm, to tie the books with a strap. 3, to pull off; remove. 4, mil. to gather; concentrate (troops). ÑstqÃgivat;sq, refl. 1, to tighten; become tight. 2, to assemble; congregate.

stq'aÃtel; n.m. money-grubber. Ñstq'aÃtel;-stvo, n. making money.

stq'aÃt; v.impfv. & pfv. 1, to amass (wealth). 2, to win; gain (fame, respect, etc.).

stqnuÃt; v.pfv. [infl. stqnuÃ, stqÃnew;] 1, pfv. of stqÃ-givat;. ÑstqnuÃt;sq, refl., pfv. of stqÃgivat;sq.

suaxiÃli n.m. indecl. Swahili.

subareÃnda n. sublease.

subboÃta n. 1, Saturday. 2, Sabbath.

subboÃtnij adj. 1, Saturday (attrib.). 2, Sabbath (attrib.).

subboÃtnik n. voluntary unpaid work performed on days off (originally on Saturday).

subkontineÃnt n. subcontinent.

sublimaÃt n. sublimate. ÑsublimaÃciq, n., chem. sublimation.

sublimiÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ru-ew;] chem. to sublimate.

subordinaÃciq n. deference to rank: sobl[daÃt; sub-ordinaÃci[, to defer to rank.

subpodrqÃd n. subcontract. ÑsubpodrqÃdhik, n. subcontractor.

subsidiÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ruew;] to subsidize.

subsiÃdiq n. subsidy.


substaÃnciq n. substance.

substraÃt n. substratum.

subtiÃl;nyj adj., colloq. frail; delicate.

subtiÃtr n., motion pictures subtitle.

subtroÃpiki [gen. -kov] n.pl. subtropics. Ñsubtro-piÃheskij, adj. subtropical.

sub=eÃkt n. 1, subject. 2, colloq. fellow; person; char-acter. Ñsub=eÃkty (RossiÃjskoj) FederaÃcii, sub-divisions (or components) of the (Russian) Federation.

sub=ektiviÃzm n. 1, subjectivism. 2, subjectivity.

sub=ektiÃvnyj adj. subjective. Ñsub=ektiÃvnost;, n.f. subjectivity.

suvaÃl;da n. tumbler (of a lock).

suveniÃr n. souvenir.

suvereÃn n. sovereign. ÑsuvereniteÃt, n. sover-eignty. ÑsuvereÃnnyj, adj. sovereign.

sugliÃnok [gen. -nka] n. loam. ÑsugliÃnistyj, adj. loamy.

sugroÃb n. snowdrift.

suguíbo adv. 1, especially; particularly. 2, purely.

suguÃbyj adj. 1, obs. double. 2, special; particular.

sud [gen. sudaÃ] n. 1, court (of law). PredstaÃt; peÃred sudoÃm, to appear in court. 2, trial: sud nad..., the trial of... Byt; pod sudoÃm, to be on trial. IdtiÃ/pojtià pod sud, to be put on trial. 3, judgment; verdict. 4, in voeÃnnyj sud, court-martial. Ñpokaà sud da deÃlo, in the meantime; while weÕre waiting.

sudaÃk [gen. -dakaÃ] n. pike perch.

sudaÃrynq n., obs. madam.

suÃdar; n.m., obs. sir.

sudaÃhit; v.impfv., colloq. to gossip.

sudeÃbnyj adj. 1, court (attrib.). 2, legal; judicial. 3, forensic. ÑsudeÃbnaq owiÃbka, miscarriage of justice. ÑsudeÃbnyj proceÃss, trial.

sudeÃjskij adj. 1, judgeÕs. SudeÃjskaq doÃl'nost;, judgeship. 2, refereeÕs; umpireÕs.

sudiÃli]e n. (unfair) trial.

sudiÃmost; n.f., law previous conviction.

sudiÃt; v.impfv. [pres. su'uÃ, suÃdiw;] 1, (often with o) to judge. 2, to try (in court). 3, sports to referee; umpire. 4, (of God, fate, etc.) to will. 5, in suÃdq po (+ dat., but prepl. with pers. pronouns) judging by. ÑsudiÃt;sq, refl. 1, to go to court. 2, (with s + instr.) to sue. 3, to be tried (in court). See also su'denoÃ.

suÃdno n. 1, [pl. sudaÃ, sudoÃv] vessel; ship. Nefte-nalivnoÃe suÃdno, oil tanker. 2, [pl. suÃdna, suÃden], in podkladnoÃe suÃdno, bedpan.

suÃdnyj adj., obs. of a court; judicial. ÑSuÃdnyj den;, Judgment Day.
sudoveÃrf; n.f. shipyard.

sudovladeÃlec [gen. -l;ca] n. shipowner.

sudovoÃj adj. ship (attrib.); shipÕs.

sudoÃk [gen. sudkaÃ] n. 1, gravy boat. 2, cruet stand. 3, pl. set of interlocking pots for carrying food.

sudomoÃjka [gen. pl. -moÃek] n. (woman) dishwasher. ÑsudomoÃjnq, n. [gen. pl. -moÃen] scullery.

sudoproizvoÃdstvo n. legal proceedings.

suÃdoroga n. 1, cramp. 2, convulsion.

suÃdoro'nyj adj. 1, convulsive. 2, fig. feverish; fran-tic; hectic.

sudostroeÃnie n. shipbuilding. ÑsudostroiÃtel;, n.m. shipbuilder. ÑsudostroiÃtel;nyj, adj. ship-building (attrib.).

sudoustroÃjstvo n. judicial system.

sudoxoÃdnost; n.f. navigability.

sudoxoÃdnyj adj. 1, shipping (attrib.). 2, navigable. ÑsudoxoÃdnyj kanaÃl, ship canal.

sudoxoÃdstvo n. shipping; navigation.

sud;baà [pl. suÃd;by, suÃdeb, suÃd;bam] n. 1, fate; fortune; destiny. 2, (oneÕs) fate; (oneÕs) lot. ÑvoÃle[ sudeÃb (with different stress), by the will of fate. ÑkakiÃmi sud;baÃmi? (with different stress), what brings you here? Ñne sud;baÃ, 1, it was not to be; it was not in the cards. 2, (with dat. and inf.) (one was) not fated (or destined) to: Emuà ne sud;baà vozvratiÃt;sq, he was not destined to return.

sud;bonoÃsnyj adj. fateful; critical; momentous.

sud;qà [pl. suÃd;i, sudeÃj, suÃd;qm] n.m. 1, judge. 2, sports referee; umpire.

sueveÃrie n. superstition. ÑsueveÃrnyj, adj. super-stitious.

suetaà n. 1, fuss; bustle. 2, trifle; triviality. Ñsuetaà sueÃt, vanity of vanities.

suetiÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pres. -huÃs;, -tiÃw;sq] to bus-tle about.

suetliÃvyj adj. 1, restless; fidgety. 2, bustling.

su'deÃnie n. 1, judgment; opinion. 2, judgment: vy-nosiÃt; su'deÃnie o, to make or render a judgment on.

su'denoà short form neut. of past passive part. of su-diÃt;, fated; destined: Nam ne su'denoà byÃlo vyÃi-grat;, we were not fated to win.

su'eÃnie n. narrowing; contraction; constriction.

suÃ'ivat; v.impfv. [pfv. suÃzit;] 1, to narrow. 2, to take in (a garment). ÑsuÃ'ivat;sq, to narrow; become narrow; contract.

suÃzit; [infl. suÃ'u, suÃziw;] v., pfv. of suÃ'ivat;. ÑsuÃzit;sq, refl., pfv. of suÃ'ivat;sq.


suk [gen. sukaÃ; 2nd loc. sukuÃ; pl. suÃh;q, suÃh;ev or sukiÃ, sukoÃv] n. 1, bough. 2, knot (in wood).

suÃka n. bitch. ÑsuÃkin, adj., in suÃkin syn, vulg. son of a bitch.

suknoà [pl. suÃkna, suÃkon] n. smooth woolen cloth. Ñklast; pod suknoí, to shelve; pigeonhole.

sukoÃnka [gen. pl. -nok] n. cloth; rag.

sukoÃnnyj adj. 1, cloth (attrib.). 2, (of language, speech, etc.) dull; vapid; uninspired.

sulemaà n. mercuric chloride; corrosive sublimate.

suliÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. posuliÃt;] 1, obs. to promise. 2, [impfv. only] to portend; augur.

sultaÃn n. 1, sultan. 2, plume. 3, column (of steam, smoke, etc.).

sultanaÃt n. sultanate.

sultaÃnka [gen. pl. -nok] n. red mullet.

sul;fanilamiÃdnyj adj., in sul;fanilamiÃÃdnye preparaÃty, sulfa drugs.

sul;faÃt n. sulfate.

sul;fiÃd n. sulfide.

sumaà n., obs. bag. ÑxodiÃt; s sumoÃj, to beg for a living.

sumasbroÃd n., colloq. nut; screwball.

sumasbroÃdnyj adj. 1, crazy; touched; unbalanced. 2, mad; wild; reckless.

sumasbroÃdstvo n. erratic behavior.

sumasweÃdwij adj. mad; crazy; insane. Ñn. madman; insane person; lunatic. ÑsumasweÃdwij dom, insane asylum.

sumasweÃstvie n. madness; insanity.

sumatoÃxa n. bustle; tumult; commotion.

sumatoÃwnyj adj., colloq. 1, bustling. 2, tumultuous; hectic. Also, sumatoÃwlivyj.

sumaÃx n. sumac.

sumbuÃr n. confusion. ÑsumbuÃrnyj, adj. confused.

suÃmerehnyj adj. 1, twilight (attrib.). 2, (of light) dim; dull.

suÃmerki [gen. -rek] n.pl. twilight; dusk.

sumeÃt; v.pfv. (with inf.) to be able (to); manage (to); succeed (in).

suÃmka [gen. pl. suÃmok] n. 1, bag: suÃmka dlq pokuÃ-pok, shopping bag. 2, (ladyÕs) handbag; purse; pocket-book. 3, zool. pouch. 4, anat. bursa. VospaleÃnie suÃmki, bursitis. ÑsanitaÃrnaq suÃmka, first-aid kit.

suÃmma n. 1, sum; total. 2, sum; amount (of money). Ñv suÃmme (+ gen.); na suÃmmu (+ gen.), amounting to; totaling.


summaÃrnyj adj. 1, total. 2, general; generalized.

summiÃrovat; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -ru[, -ruew;] 1, to add up; total. 2, to sum up; summarize.

sumnqÃwesq see nihtoÃ'e.

suÃmohka [gen. pl. -hek] n. handbag; purse; pocketbook.

suÃmrak n. semidarkness. ÑsuÃmrahnyj, adj. gloomy.