1, on; onto: sest; na zeÃml[, to sit (down) on the ground; polo'iÃ

naÃtisk n. onslaught; charge.

natkaÃt; v.pfv. [infl. like tkat;] to weave (a quantity of something).

natknuÃt;sq v.r., pfv. of natykaÃt;sq.

natolknuÃt; v., pfv. of nataÃlkivat;. Ñnatolk-nuÃt;sq, refl., pfv. of nataÃlkivat;sq.

natoloÃh; v.pfv. [infl. like toloÃh;] to pound; crush (a quantity of something).

natopiÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -topl[Ã, -toÃpiw;] 1, to heat well. 2, to melt (a quantity of something).

natoptaÃt; [infl. -tophuÃ, -toÃphew;] v., pfv. of na-taÃptyvat;.

natoreÃt; v.pfv. (with v + prepl.) colloq. to become adept (at).

natohiÃt; v., pfv. of tohiÃt; (in sense #1).

nato]aÃk adv. on an empty stomach.

natr n., in eÃdkij natr, caustic soda.

natraviÃt; [infl. -travl[Ã, -traÃviw;] v., pfv. of na-traÃvlivat;.

natraÃvlivat; v.impfv. [pfv. natraviÃt;] (with na + acc.) 1, to sic (a dog on). 2, colloq. to set (people against each other).

natreniroÃvannyj adj. trained.

natrenirovaÃÃt; v., pfv. of trenirovaÃt;. Ñnatre-nirovaÃt;sq, refl., pfv. of trenirovaÃt;sq.

naÃtrievyj adj. sodium (attrib.). ÑnaÃtrievaq laÃmpa, sodium-vapor lamp. ÑnaÃtrievaq seliÃtra, sodium nitrate.

naÃtrij n. sodium.

naÃtroe adv. in three; into three parts.

natrudiÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -tru'uÃ, -truÃdiw; or tru-diÃw;] colloq. to overexert; wear out (a part of oneÕs body).

natuÃga n., colloq. strain; exertion.

naÃtugo adv., colloq. very tightly.

natuÃ'ivat; v.impfv. [pfv. natuÃ'it;] colloq. to strain; stretch; exert. ÑnatuÃ'ivat;sq, refl., colloq. to make a supreme effort; bear down.

natuÃ'nyj adj., colloq. 1, strenuous. 2, strained. ÑnatuÃ'no, adv., colloq. with great effort.

natuÃra n. 1, nature; temperament; disposition. 2, art real life: pisaÃt; s natuÃry, to paint from real life. 3, model (one who poses). 4, motion pictures location: na natuÃre, on location. ÑnatuÃroj, in kind: poluhaÃt; 'aÃlovan;e natuÃroj, to receive oneÕs wages in kind.

naturalizaÃciq n. naturalization.

naturaliÃzm n. naturalism.

naturalizovaÃt; v.impfv. & pfv. [pres. -zuÃ[, -zuÃ-ew;] to naturalize (confer citizenship upon). Ñnatu-ralizovaÃt;sq, refl. to become naturalized.

naturaliÃst n. naturalist. ÑnaturalistiÃheskij, adj. naturalist (attrib.); naturalistic.

naturaÃl;nyj adj. 1, natural (in various meanings). 2, (of a product, material, etc.) natural; real. 3, (of a person, gesture, etc.) natural; genuine. Ñv naturaÃl;u[ veli-hinuÃ, life-size.

natuÃr]ik n.m. [fem. -]ica] model (one who poses).

natyÃkat; v.pfv., colloq. to stick in (a quantity of some-thing).

natykaÃt;sq v.r.impfv. [pfv. natknuÃt;sq] (with na + acc.) colloq. 1, to run into; run against (a sharp object). 2, to come upon; come across; run across; run into; encoun-ter.

nat[rmoÃrt n. still life.

natqÃgivat; v.impfv. [pfv. natqnuÃt;] 1, to draw (a bow, reins, etc.). 2, to draw tight; tighten. 3, to pull on; slip on. 4, to pull over: natqnuÃt; waÃpku naà uwi, to pull oneÕs cap down over oneÕs ears. ÑnatqÃgivat;sq, refl. to become taut.

natq'eÃnie n. pull; tension.

natqÃ'ka n. 1, stretching. 2, fig. stretching of a point: s natqÃ'koj, by stretching a point.

natqÃnutost; n.f. tension; strain.

natqÃnutyj adj. 1, strained. 2, unnatural; forced.

natqnuÃt; [infl. -tqnuÃ, -tqÃnew;] v., pfv. of natqÃgi-vat;. ÑnatqnuÃt;sq, refl., pfv. of natqÃgivat;sq.

naugaÃd adv. 1, at random. 2, by guesswork.

naugoÃl;nik n. bevel; bevel square.

naudaÃhu adv. at random.

naudiÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -u'uÃ, -uÃdiw;] to catch (a quan-tity of fish).

nauÃka n. 1, science. 2, colloq. lesson: ~×to tebeà nauÃka!, let that be a lesson to you!

nauÃs;kivat; v.impfv. [pfv. nauÃs;kat;] colloq. 1, to sic (a dog). 2, to egg on; incite.

naut\k adv., colloq., in pustiÃt;sq or broÃsit;sq naut\k, to take to oneÕs heels.

nautofoÃn n. foghorn.

nauÃtro adv. the next morning.

nauhiÃt; v., pfv. of uhiÃt; (in sense #1). ÑnauhiÃt;sq, refl., pfv. of uhiÃt;sq (in sense #2).

nauÃhnyj adj. scientific. ÑnauÃhno, adv. scientifically.

nauÃwnik n. 1, earlap; earmuff. 2, earphone; headphone. 3, colloq. informer; tattletale.

nauÃwnihat; v.impfv., colloq. 1, to spread malicious gossip. 2, (with na + acc.) to say nasty things (about).

nauÃwnihestvo n., colloq. malicious gossip.

nau]eÃnie n., in po nau]eÃni[ (+ gen.), at the urging of.

naftaliÃn n. naphthalene.

naftoÃl n. naphthol.

naxaÃl n.m. [fem. -ka] insolent person.

naxaÃl;nihat; v.impfv., colloq. to be insolent; behave insolently.

naxaÃl;nyj adj. impudent; insolent; impertinent.

naxaÃl;stvo n. 1, impudence; insolence; impertinence. 2, effrontery; gall.

naxvaÃlivat; v.impfv. [pfv. naxvaliÃt;] colloq. to extol.

naxvaliÃt; [infl. -xval[Ã, -xvaÃliw;] v., pfv. of na-xvaÃlivat;. ÑnaxvaliÃt;sq, refl. (with instr.) to praise sufficiently: Ne moguà im naxvaliÃt;sq, I cannot praise him too highly.


naxvataÃt; v.pfv., colloq. to acquire; pick up (a quantity of something). ÑnaxvataÃt;sq, refl. (with gen.) colloq. to pick up (bits of knowledge, a few words of a language, etc.).

naxleÃbnik n. 1, parasite; hanger-on. 2, obs. boarder.

naxlestaÃt; [infl. -xle]uÃ, -xleÃ]ew;] v., pfv. of naxl\styvat;.

naxl\styvat; v.impfv. [pfv. naxlestaÃt;] colloq. to whip; flog.

naxlobuÃhivat; v.impfv. [pfv. naxlobuÃhit;] colloq. to pull down (a hat) over oneÕs eyes, ears, etc.

naxlobuÃhka [gen. pl. -hek] n., colloq. scolding; bawl-ing out; dressing-down.

naxlyÃnut; v.pfv. 1, (of liquids) to stream; flow; gush. 2, (of people) to rush; throng; surge. 3, fig. (of thoughts) to spring to mind.

naxmuÃrennyj adj. 1, frowning. 2, gloomy.

naxmuÃrit; v., pfv. of xmuÃrit;. ÑnaxmuÃrit;sq, refl., pfv. of xmuÃrit;sq.

naxodiÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. najtiÃ; pres. -xo'uÃ, -xoÃ-diw;] 1, to find: najtià svoj portfeÃl;, to find oneÕs briefcase. NaxodiÃt; doÃvod ubediÃtel;nym, to find an argument convincing. 2, to derive; gain (pleasure, satis-faction, etc.). 3, (with na + acc.) to strike; run into. 4, (with na + acc.) to come upon. 5, (with na + acc.) (of emotions) to come over. 6, (of clouds, twilight, etc.) to gather. 7, (with na + acc.) (of clouds) to cover; obscure. 8, impers. (of a crowd) to gather: Nawloà mnoÃgo naroÃ-du, a large crowd gathered. 9, in najtià svo[à smert;, to meet oneÕs death (or end). ÑnaxodiÃt;sq, refl. 1, [impfv. only] to be; be found; be located. 2, to be found; turn up. 3, to be ready with an answer; come up with a quick answer. Q ne naw\lsq, hto otveÃtit;, I was at a loss as to how to answer.

naxoÃdka [gen. pl. -dok] n. a find.

naxoÃdhivyj adj. resourceful. ÑnaxoÃdhivost;, n.f. resourcefulness.

naxo'deÃnie n. 1, finding. 2, being (somewhere).

naxoÃxlit;sq v.r., pfv. of xoÃxlit;sq.

naxoxotaÃt;sq v.r.pfv. [infl. -xohuÃs;, -xoÃÃhew;sq] colloq. to have a good laugh.

naxraÃpistyj adj., colloq. brash.

naxraÃpom adv., colloq. brazenly.

nacaraÃpat; v., pfv. of caraÃpat; (in sense #2).

nacediÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -ce'uÃ, -ceÃdiw;] to strain (a quantity of something).

naceÃlennost; n.f. 1, purposefulness. 2, (with na + acc.) tendency (toward); propensity (for).

naceÃlivat; v.impfv. [pfv. naceÃlit;] to aim (a weap-on). ÑnaceÃlivat;sq, refl. 1, to take aim. 2, (with inf.) to get ready (to).

naÃcelo adv., colloq. totally; entirely; completely.

naceÃnivat; v.impfv. [pfv. naceniÃt;] to mark up; raise the price of.

naceniÃt; [infl. -cen[Ã, -ceÃniw;] v., pfv. of naceÃni-vat;.

naceÃnka n. markup; increase in price.

nacepiÃt; [infl. -cepl[Ã, -ceÃpiw;] v., pfv. of nacep-lqÃt;.

naceplqÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. nacepiÃt;] (with na + acc.) to fasten to; hook onto; pin to.

naciÃzm n. Nazism.

nacionalizaÃciq n. nationalization.

nacionaliziÃrovat; v.impfv. [pres. -ru[, -ruew;] to nationalize.

nacionaliÃzm n. nationalism. ÑnacionaliÃst, n. na-tionalist. ÑnacionalistiÃheskij, adj. nationalist (attrib.); nationalistic.

nacionaÃl;nost; n.f. nationality.

nacionaÃl;nyj adj. national.

naciÃst n. Nazi. ÑnaciÃstskij, adj. Nazi.

naÃciq n. nation.

nahadiÃt; v., pfv. of hadiÃt;.

nahaÃlo n. 1, beginning: s saÃmogo nahaÃla, from the very beginning; from the outset. V nahaÃle semidesqÃ-tyx godoÃv, in the early 1970s. V nahaÃle devqÃtogo, between 8 and 8:30. 2, pl. basis: na dobrovoÃl;nyx nahaÃlax, on a voluntary basis. 3, pl. rudiments: nahaÃla xiÃmii, rudiments of chemistry. Ñbrat; nahaÃlo, 1, (of a river) to rise. 2, (with iz) to have its origin (in); date back to. Ñdat; nahaÃlo (+ dat.), to give rise to. Ñdlq nahaÃla, to start with; for starters. Ñpod nahaÃlom (+ gen. or u), 1, under the direction of. 2, under the command of. Ñpolo'iÃÃt; nahaÃlo (+ dat.), 1, to found; establish. 2, to give rise to.

nahaÃl;nik n. chief; head; boss; superior. ÑnahaÃl;-nik staÃncii, stationmaster. ÑnahaÃl;nik wtaÃba, chief of staff.

nahaÃl;nyj adj. 1, first; initial. 2, (of education, a school, etc.) elementary; primary.

nahaÃl;stvennyj adj. overbearing; domineering.

nahaÃl;stvo n. 1, the authorities. 2, command; direc-tion. 3, colloq. boss; chief.

nahaÃl;stvovanie n. command.

nahaÃl;stvovat; v.impfv. [pres. -stvu[, -stvu-ew;] (with nad) to be in command (of); be in charge (of).

nahaÃtki n.pl. [sing. nahaÃtok] rudiments.

nahaÃt; [infl. nahnuÃ, nahn\w;; past naÃhal, nahalaÃ, naÃhalo, naÃhali] v., pfv. of nahinaÃt;. ÑnahaÃt;sq, refl. [past nahalsqÃ, nahalaÃs;, nahaloÃs;, naha-liÃs;] pfv. of nahinaÃt;sq.

nahekuà adv. on oneÕs guard; on the alert.

naherniÃt; v., pfv. of herniÃt; (in sense #1).

naÃherno adv. in the rough: pisaÃt; (htoÃ-nibud;) naÃ-herno, to make a rough draft of.

nahertaÃnie n. 1, tracing. 2, outline.

nahertaÃtel;nyj adj., in nahertaÃtel;naq geomeÃ-triq, descriptive geometry.

nahertaÃt; v.pfv. 1, to trace; inscribe. 2, fig. to set forth; outline.

nahertiÃt; v., pfv. of hertiÃt;.

nah\s n. nap (on cloth).

nah\thik n. pedant.

nahinaÃnie n. project; undertaking.

nahinaÃtel;nyj adj., gram. inceptive: nahinaÃtel;nyj glagoÃl, inceptive verb (e.g. zabeÃgat;, to begin to run).

nahinaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. nahaÃt;] 1, to begin; start (something). 2, (with inf.) to begin (to); start (to). Ñna-hinaÃt;sq, refl. (of something) to begin; start.

nahinaÃ[]ij adj. beginning. Ñn. beginner.

nahinaÃq prep. (with s + gen.) beginning (with).

nahiniÃt; v.pfv. 1, [infl. -hin[Ã, -hiniÃw;] pfv. of nahinqÃt;. 2, [infl. -hin[Ã, -hiÃniw;] to mend (a quantity of something); sharpen (a quantity of pencils).

nahiÃnka n. stuffing; filling.

nahinqÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. nahiniÃt;] to stuff.

nahiÃstit; v.pfv. [infl. -hiÃ]u, -hiÃstiw;] 1, pfv. of nahi]aÃt;. 2, to peel (a quantity of something).

naÃhisto adv. 1, clean: naÃhisto vyÃbrityj, clean-shaven. PerepisaÃt; (htoÃ-nibud;) naÃhisto, to make a clean copy of. 2, colloq. completely; utterly. 3, colloq. openly; candidly.

nahistotuà adv. frankly; without equivocation; straight from the shoulder.

nahiÃtannyj adj. well-read. ÑnahiÃtannost;, n.f. eru-dition.

nahitaÃt; v.pfv., colloq. to read (a quantity of some-thing). ÑnahitaÃt;sq, refl. (with gen.) to read a great deal of.

nahi]aÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. nahiÃstit;] colloq. to polish; shine.

naw [fem. naÃwa; neut. naÃwe; pl. naÃwi; gen. naÃwego, naÃwej, naÃwix; acc. fem. naÃwu; dat. naÃwemu, naÃwej, naÃwim; instr. naÃwim, naÃwej, naÃwimi; prepl. naÃwem, naÃwej, naÃwix] poss. adj. & pron. our; ours.


nawaliÃt; v.pfv. to be naughty; act up.

nawatyÃrnyj adj., in nawatyÃrnyj spirt, liquid am-monia.

nawatyÃr; [gen. -tyrqÃ] n.m. ammonium chloride.

naweptaÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -wephuÃ, -weÃphew;] 1, to whisper. 2, (with dat.) to whisper in someoneÕs ear.

naweÃstvie n. invasion.

nawivaÃt; v.impfv. [pfv. nawiÃt;] to sew on.

nawiÃvka [gen. pl. -vok] n., mil. stripe; chevron.

nawivnoÃj adj. sewn-on.

nawiÃt; v.pfv. [infl. naw;[Ã, naw;\w;] 1, pfv. of nawi-vaÃt;. 2, to sew (a quantity of something).

nawpigovaÃt; v., pfv. of wpigovaÃt;.

nawpiÃlivat; v.impfv. [pfv. nawpiÃlit;] 1, to place (or stick) on a pin. 2, to pin on.

nawumeÃvwij adj. sensational; much talked about; hav-ing caused quite a stir.

nawumeÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -ml[Ã, -miÃw;] 1, to make a lot of noise. 2, fig. to cause a sensation.

na]ipaÃt; v.pfv. [infl. -]ipl[Ã, -]iÃplew;] 1, to pluck; pick (a quantity of something). 2, colloq. to pinch.

na]uÃpyvat; v.impfv. [pfv. na]uÃpat;] 1, [impfv. only] to grope for; fumble for; feel about for. 2, to feel (some-oneÕs pulse). 3, to find; come upon (after groping). 4, fig. to find; discover; detect. Ñna]uÃpyvat; poÃhvu, to get the lay of the land; sound out the possibilities.

na`lektrizovaÃt; v., pfv. of `lektrizovaÃt;.

naqÃbednihat; v., pfv. of qÃbednihat;.

naqvuà adv. while awake; not in oneÕs dreams.

ne neg. particle 1, not: ~×to ne veÃrno, that is not true; lift ne raboÃtaet, the elevator is not working. 2, inserted between such words as nihegoÃ, niktoÃ, nikog-daÃ, etc. and a verb following: Niktoà ne znaÃet, no one knows. My pohtià nikogdaà ne viÃdim e\, we almost never see her. 3, (with imperatives) donÕt: Ne zabuÃd;te!, donÕt forget! 4, used in polite questions and requests: Vy ne skaÃ'ete kak (+ inf.), could you tell me how to...? Vy sluhaÃjno ne viÃdeli kudaÃ...?, did you happen to see where...? 5, occurring as a separate word when neÃhto, neÃhego, neÃkogo and their oblique case forms are separated to permit the insertion of a preposition in between: Emuà neà s kem igraÃt; he has no one to play with. RazgovaÃri-vat; byÃlo neà o hem, there was nothing to talk about. DeÃn;gi est;, a istraÃtit; ix neà na hto, people have money, but there is nothing to spend it on. 6, (with past tense verbal adverbs) without: glaÃzom ne morgnuÃv, without batting an eye. Ni s kem ne prostqÃs;, without saying goodbye to anyone. 7, (with inf.) will never; would never: Egoà ne uznaÃt;, you would never recognize him. Ñneà za hto!, not at all!; donÕt mention it! Ñne to, hto or htoÃby..., it is not that...


neakkuraÃtnost; n.f. 1, lack of punctuality. 2, care-lessness. 3, sloppiness.

neakkuraÃtnyj adj. 1, not punctual. 2, careless; sloppy; inefficient. 3, untidy.

neandertaÃlec [gen. -l;ca] n. Neanderthal man. ÑneandertaÃl;skij, adj. Neanderthal.

neappetiÃtnyj adj. unappetizing.

nebezopaÃsnyj adj. somewhat dangerous; unsafe.

nebezosnovaÃtel;nyj adj. not without foundation.

nebezrazliÃhnyj adj. 1, not indifferent; interested. 2, (with dat. or dlq) of interest (to).

nebezyzveÃstnyj adj. not unknown; rather well-known.

nebezyntereÃsnyj adj. rather interesting.

nebel\nyj adj. unbleached.

nebeÃsnyj adj. heavenly; celestial.

neblagoviÃdnyj adj. unseemly; improper.

neblagodaÃrnyj adj. 1, ungrateful. 2, thankless. ÑneblagodaÃrnost;, n.f. ingratitude.

neblago'elaÃtel;nyj adj. unfriendly; hostile. Ñneblago'elaÃtel;nost;, n.f. ill will.

neblagozvuÃhie n. dissonance; disharmony. Ñnebla-gozvuÃhnyj, adj. dissonant; discordant.

neblagonad\'nyj adj. (politically) unreliable.

neblagopoluÃhie n. trouble; troubles.

nablagopoluÃhnyj adj. unhappy; unfortunate. Ñne-blagopoluÃhno, adv. badly; in an unhappy way.

neblagopristoÃjnyj adj. improper; indecent.

neblagopriqÃtnyj adj. unfavorable.

neblagorazuÃmie n. imprudence. ÑneblagorazuÃm-nyj, adj. imprudent; unwise; ill-advised.